Author: Gregory E. Hardee
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420001860
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
Although the United States (U.S.) and the more developed nations of the remainder of the world are blessed with a variety of pharmaceuticals, feed additives, and biological products to treat, prevent, and control animal diseases, there is a healthy desire among persons involved in animal health issues to increase our animal medicine chest. The interest stems from the desire to efficiently produce food that is safe and plentiful and from the desire to have more and better government-approved products available for the prevention and treatment of diseases of dogs, cats, and horses and for an increasing variety of minor animal species. For the animal health industry, increased drug availability means broader markets, increased revenues, and an opportunity to better serve their customers. For the veterinarian, more animal health products means that he or she is better able to treat the usual and the unusual conditions, and to prevent animal disease and suffering. No doubt, we are all winners when new technology and industrial and regulatory initiatives hasten the availability of safe and effective animal health products.
Development and Formulation of Veterinary Dosage Forms
Author: Gregory E. Hardee
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420001860
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
Although the United States (U.S.) and the more developed nations of the remainder of the world are blessed with a variety of pharmaceuticals, feed additives, and biological products to treat, prevent, and control animal diseases, there is a healthy desire among persons involved in animal health issues to increase our animal medicine chest. The interest stems from the desire to efficiently produce food that is safe and plentiful and from the desire to have more and better government-approved products available for the prevention and treatment of diseases of dogs, cats, and horses and for an increasing variety of minor animal species. For the animal health industry, increased drug availability means broader markets, increased revenues, and an opportunity to better serve their customers. For the veterinarian, more animal health products means that he or she is better able to treat the usual and the unusual conditions, and to prevent animal disease and suffering. No doubt, we are all winners when new technology and industrial and regulatory initiatives hasten the availability of safe and effective animal health products.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420001860
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
Although the United States (U.S.) and the more developed nations of the remainder of the world are blessed with a variety of pharmaceuticals, feed additives, and biological products to treat, prevent, and control animal diseases, there is a healthy desire among persons involved in animal health issues to increase our animal medicine chest. The interest stems from the desire to efficiently produce food that is safe and plentiful and from the desire to have more and better government-approved products available for the prevention and treatment of diseases of dogs, cats, and horses and for an increasing variety of minor animal species. For the animal health industry, increased drug availability means broader markets, increased revenues, and an opportunity to better serve their customers. For the veterinarian, more animal health products means that he or she is better able to treat the usual and the unusual conditions, and to prevent animal disease and suffering. No doubt, we are all winners when new technology and industrial and regulatory initiatives hasten the availability of safe and effective animal health products.
Development and Formulation of Veterinary Dosage Forms
Author: Gregory E. Hardee
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420001868
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 505
Book Description
Although the United States (U.S.) and the more developed nations of the remainder of the world are blessed with a variety of pharmaceuticals, feed additives, and biological products to treat, prevent, and control animal diseases, there is a healthy desire among persons involved in animal health issues to increase our animal medicine chest. The interest stems from the desire to efficiently produce food that is safe and plentiful and from the desire to have more and better government-approved products available for the prevention and treatment of diseases of dogs, cats, and horses and for an increasing variety of minor animal species. For the animal health industry, increased drug availability means broader markets, increased revenues, and an opportunity to better serve their customers. For the veterinarian, more animal health products means that he or she is better able to treat the usual and the unusual conditions, and to prevent animal disease and suffering. No doubt, we are all winners when new technology and industrial and regulatory initiatives hasten the availability of safe and effective animal health products.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420001868
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 505
Book Description
Although the United States (U.S.) and the more developed nations of the remainder of the world are blessed with a variety of pharmaceuticals, feed additives, and biological products to treat, prevent, and control animal diseases, there is a healthy desire among persons involved in animal health issues to increase our animal medicine chest. The interest stems from the desire to efficiently produce food that is safe and plentiful and from the desire to have more and better government-approved products available for the prevention and treatment of diseases of dogs, cats, and horses and for an increasing variety of minor animal species. For the animal health industry, increased drug availability means broader markets, increased revenues, and an opportunity to better serve their customers. For the veterinarian, more animal health products means that he or she is better able to treat the usual and the unusual conditions, and to prevent animal disease and suffering. No doubt, we are all winners when new technology and industrial and regulatory initiatives hasten the availability of safe and effective animal health products.
Development and Formulation of Veterinary Dosage Forms, Second Edition
Author: Gregory E. Hardee
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824798789
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 504
Book Description
This up-to-the-minute Second Edition of an incomparable resource describes in detail the bases for developing dosage forms for use in animals-highlighting the data necessary to meet regulatory approval. Demonstrates the successful characterization, control, and registration of new veterinary medicines! Thoroughly rewritten and enlarged to reflect the technical advances that have occurred since the previous edition, Development and Formulation of Veterinary Dosage Forms, Second Edition discusses the reasons for dosage form selection explains the latest available technologies examines new drug therapeutics reveals up-to-date techniques and applications for pharmacokinetic data covers the formulation of products derived from biotechnology elucidates recent analytical methods shows how to determine the type of dosage form appropriate for particular species and more! Written by a team of international authorities from North America and Europe and containing over 1100 bibliographic citation, figures, and tables, Development and Formulation of Veterinary Dosage Forms, Second Edition is an essential reference for pharmaceutical, animal, and quality control scientists; research pharmacists and pharmacologists; veterinarians; drug quality assurance and regulatory personnel in government and industry; pathologists; microbiologists; virologists; physiologists; toxicologists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824798789
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 504
Book Description
This up-to-the-minute Second Edition of an incomparable resource describes in detail the bases for developing dosage forms for use in animals-highlighting the data necessary to meet regulatory approval. Demonstrates the successful characterization, control, and registration of new veterinary medicines! Thoroughly rewritten and enlarged to reflect the technical advances that have occurred since the previous edition, Development and Formulation of Veterinary Dosage Forms, Second Edition discusses the reasons for dosage form selection explains the latest available technologies examines new drug therapeutics reveals up-to-date techniques and applications for pharmacokinetic data covers the formulation of products derived from biotechnology elucidates recent analytical methods shows how to determine the type of dosage form appropriate for particular species and more! Written by a team of international authorities from North America and Europe and containing over 1100 bibliographic citation, figures, and tables, Development and Formulation of Veterinary Dosage Forms, Second Edition is an essential reference for pharmaceutical, animal, and quality control scientists; research pharmacists and pharmacologists; veterinarians; drug quality assurance and regulatory personnel in government and industry; pathologists; microbiologists; virologists; physiologists; toxicologists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
Controlled Release Veterinary Drug Delivery
Author: Michael J. Rathbone
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080529976
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 393
Book Description
Many controlled release veterinary drug delivery systems (CRVDDS) are presently in use, and recently there has been a host of new CRVDDS within veterinary medicine. The challenges of this area of drug delivery arise from the unique anatomy and physiology of the target animal, the cost constraints associated with the value of the animal being treated and the extended periods of time that delivery must be sustained for (often measured in months).The purpose of this book is to introduce the reader to the unique opportunities and challenges of the field of CRVDDS and to explain and discuss the basic controlled release principles underlying the development of CRVDDS. Its aim is to provide an overview of many of the areas where CRVVDS have application, and to highlight the opportunities and prospects for controlled release technology in the veterinary field.Controlled Release Veterinary Drug Delivery comprises chapters that provide workers in the field (and those interested in this area) with information on the design, development and assessment of a variety of CRVDDS. The book contains chapters that describe the relevant animal physiological and anatomical considerations alongside descriptions of current and emerging controlled release delivery systems for a variety of routes for drug delivery, and present overviews on the physical and chemical assessment of veterinary controlled release delivery systems.The veterinary area is abound with opportunities for the development of controlled release drug delivery technologies. It is an area of medicine that is open to the acceptance of novel drug delivery devices, and which readily encompasses the use of novel routes of administration. It is an area of many unmet needs, most of which offer opportunities and unique challenges for the innovative formulation scientist to provide solutions. This book will provide an insight into the biological, clinical and pharmaceutical challenges that face the formulation scientist in this interesting and diverse area of research.
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080529976
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 393
Book Description
Many controlled release veterinary drug delivery systems (CRVDDS) are presently in use, and recently there has been a host of new CRVDDS within veterinary medicine. The challenges of this area of drug delivery arise from the unique anatomy and physiology of the target animal, the cost constraints associated with the value of the animal being treated and the extended periods of time that delivery must be sustained for (often measured in months).The purpose of this book is to introduce the reader to the unique opportunities and challenges of the field of CRVDDS and to explain and discuss the basic controlled release principles underlying the development of CRVDDS. Its aim is to provide an overview of many of the areas where CRVVDS have application, and to highlight the opportunities and prospects for controlled release technology in the veterinary field.Controlled Release Veterinary Drug Delivery comprises chapters that provide workers in the field (and those interested in this area) with information on the design, development and assessment of a variety of CRVDDS. The book contains chapters that describe the relevant animal physiological and anatomical considerations alongside descriptions of current and emerging controlled release delivery systems for a variety of routes for drug delivery, and present overviews on the physical and chemical assessment of veterinary controlled release delivery systems.The veterinary area is abound with opportunities for the development of controlled release drug delivery technologies. It is an area of medicine that is open to the acceptance of novel drug delivery devices, and which readily encompasses the use of novel routes of administration. It is an area of many unmet needs, most of which offer opportunities and unique challenges for the innovative formulation scientist to provide solutions. This book will provide an insight into the biological, clinical and pharmaceutical challenges that face the formulation scientist in this interesting and diverse area of research.
The Physiological Basis of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology
Author: J. Desmond Baggot
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470680296
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 298
Book Description
The diversity of species in which drugs are used for clinical purposes and the emphasis on various classes of drugs make veterinary pharmacology a complex subject. Anatomical and physiological features influence the pharmacokinetic behaviour of a drug in a particular animal and the dosage required. This book is concerned with the basis of species differences, the selection of pharmacokinetic parameters and the interpretation of values obtained. There are chapters on bioavailability and its application to veterinary dosage forms, changes in drug disposition and interspecies scaling, clinical selectivity and stereoisomerism, drug permeation, antimicrobial disposition and specifics related to neonatal animals. The author has gathered all this information together in one place so allowing the reader to make better selection of drug preparations for animal dosages to effectively treat animal diseases. The book will prove valuable to clinical researchers in the areas of pharmacology, anaesthesia, microbial infections and, internal medicine as well as postgraduate students of these disciplines. The Author J Desmond Baggot (MVM, PhD, DSc, FRCVS, DipECVPT) is currently Visiting Professor of Veterinary Pharmacology at the School of Veterinary Medicine, St George's University, Grenada, West Indies. He was a contributing author and co-author of Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine, 3rd Edition (2000) and Development and Formulation of Veterinary Dosage Forms, 2nd Edition (1998) and the author of Principles of Drug Disposition in Domestic Animals (1977). Elucidations of the processes that underline species variation in the disposition of drugs and interpretation of the influence of disease states on drug disposition have been the focus of his research endeavours. He was a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics from 1978 to 1996. He is a former Professor of Clinical Pharmacology at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis and Preclinical Veterinary Studies at the University of Zimbabwe, Harare.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470680296
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 298
Book Description
The diversity of species in which drugs are used for clinical purposes and the emphasis on various classes of drugs make veterinary pharmacology a complex subject. Anatomical and physiological features influence the pharmacokinetic behaviour of a drug in a particular animal and the dosage required. This book is concerned with the basis of species differences, the selection of pharmacokinetic parameters and the interpretation of values obtained. There are chapters on bioavailability and its application to veterinary dosage forms, changes in drug disposition and interspecies scaling, clinical selectivity and stereoisomerism, drug permeation, antimicrobial disposition and specifics related to neonatal animals. The author has gathered all this information together in one place so allowing the reader to make better selection of drug preparations for animal dosages to effectively treat animal diseases. The book will prove valuable to clinical researchers in the areas of pharmacology, anaesthesia, microbial infections and, internal medicine as well as postgraduate students of these disciplines. The Author J Desmond Baggot (MVM, PhD, DSc, FRCVS, DipECVPT) is currently Visiting Professor of Veterinary Pharmacology at the School of Veterinary Medicine, St George's University, Grenada, West Indies. He was a contributing author and co-author of Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine, 3rd Edition (2000) and Development and Formulation of Veterinary Dosage Forms, 2nd Edition (1998) and the author of Principles of Drug Disposition in Domestic Animals (1977). Elucidations of the processes that underline species variation in the disposition of drugs and interpretation of the influence of disease states on drug disposition have been the focus of his research endeavours. He was a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics from 1978 to 1996. He is a former Professor of Clinical Pharmacology at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis and Preclinical Veterinary Studies at the University of Zimbabwe, Harare.
Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms
Author: Yihong Qiu
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 008093272X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 976
Book Description
Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms is intended for pharmaceutical professionals engaged in research and development of oral dosage forms. It covers essential principles of physical pharmacy, biopharmaceutics and industrial pharmacy as well as various aspects of state-of-the-art techniques and approaches in pharmaceutical sciences and technologies along with examples and/or case studies in product development. The objective of this book is to offer updated (or current) knowledge and skills required for rational oral product design and development. The specific goals are to provide readers with: - Basics of modern theories of physical pharmacy, biopharmaceutics and industrial pharmacy and their applications throughout the entire process of research and development of oral dosage forms - Tools and approaches of preformulation investigation, formulation/process design, characterization and scale-up in pharmaceutical sciences and technologies - New developments, challenges, trends, opportunities, intellectual property issues and regulations in solid product development - The first book (ever) that provides comprehensive and in-depth coverage of what's required for developing high quality pharmaceutical products to meet international standards - It covers a broad scope of topics that encompass the entire spectrum of solid dosage form development for the global market, including the most updated science and technologies, practice, applications, regulation, intellectual property protection and new development trends with case studies in every chapter - A strong team of more than 50 well-established authors/co-authors of diverse background, knowledge, skills and experience from industry, academia and regulatory agencies
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 008093272X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 976
Book Description
Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms is intended for pharmaceutical professionals engaged in research and development of oral dosage forms. It covers essential principles of physical pharmacy, biopharmaceutics and industrial pharmacy as well as various aspects of state-of-the-art techniques and approaches in pharmaceutical sciences and technologies along with examples and/or case studies in product development. The objective of this book is to offer updated (or current) knowledge and skills required for rational oral product design and development. The specific goals are to provide readers with: - Basics of modern theories of physical pharmacy, biopharmaceutics and industrial pharmacy and their applications throughout the entire process of research and development of oral dosage forms - Tools and approaches of preformulation investigation, formulation/process design, characterization and scale-up in pharmaceutical sciences and technologies - New developments, challenges, trends, opportunities, intellectual property issues and regulations in solid product development - The first book (ever) that provides comprehensive and in-depth coverage of what's required for developing high quality pharmaceutical products to meet international standards - It covers a broad scope of topics that encompass the entire spectrum of solid dosage form development for the global market, including the most updated science and technologies, practice, applications, regulation, intellectual property protection and new development trends with case studies in every chapter - A strong team of more than 50 well-established authors/co-authors of diverse background, knowledge, skills and experience from industry, academia and regulatory agencies
Innovative Dosage Forms
Author: Yogeshwar Bachhav
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527343962
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 470
Book Description
Teaches future and current drug developers the latest innovations in drug formulation design and optimization This highly accessible, practice-oriented book examines current approaches in the development of drug formulations for preclinical and clinical studies, including the use of functional excipients to enhance solubility and stability. It covers oral, intravenous, topical, and parenteral administration routes. The book also discusses safety aspects of drugs and excipients, as well as regulatory issues relevant to formulation. Innovative Dosage Forms: Design and Development at Early Stage starts with a look at the impact of the polymorphic form of drugs on the preformulation and formulation development. It then offers readers reliable strategies for the formulation development of poorly soluble drugs. The book also studies the role of reactive impurities from the excipients on the formulation shelf life; preclinical formulation assessment of new chemical entities; and regulatory aspects for formulation design. Other chapters cover innovative formulations for special indications, including oncology injectables, delayed release and depot formulations; accessing pharmacokinetics of various dosage forms; physical characterization techniques to assess amorphous nature; novel formulations for protein oral dosage; and more. -Provides information that is essential for the drug development effort -Presents the latest advances in the field and describes in detail innovative formulations, such as nanosuspensions, micelles, and cocrystals -Describes current approaches in early pre-formulation to achieve the best in vivo results -Addresses regulatory and safety aspects, which are key considerations for pharmaceutical companies -Includes case studies from recent drug development programs to illustrate the practical challenges of preformulation design Innovative Dosage Forms: Design and Development at Early Stage provides valuable benefits to interdisciplinary drug discovery teams working in industry and academia and will appeal to medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, and pharmacologists.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527343962
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 470
Book Description
Teaches future and current drug developers the latest innovations in drug formulation design and optimization This highly accessible, practice-oriented book examines current approaches in the development of drug formulations for preclinical and clinical studies, including the use of functional excipients to enhance solubility and stability. It covers oral, intravenous, topical, and parenteral administration routes. The book also discusses safety aspects of drugs and excipients, as well as regulatory issues relevant to formulation. Innovative Dosage Forms: Design and Development at Early Stage starts with a look at the impact of the polymorphic form of drugs on the preformulation and formulation development. It then offers readers reliable strategies for the formulation development of poorly soluble drugs. The book also studies the role of reactive impurities from the excipients on the formulation shelf life; preclinical formulation assessment of new chemical entities; and regulatory aspects for formulation design. Other chapters cover innovative formulations for special indications, including oncology injectables, delayed release and depot formulations; accessing pharmacokinetics of various dosage forms; physical characterization techniques to assess amorphous nature; novel formulations for protein oral dosage; and more. -Provides information that is essential for the drug development effort -Presents the latest advances in the field and describes in detail innovative formulations, such as nanosuspensions, micelles, and cocrystals -Describes current approaches in early pre-formulation to achieve the best in vivo results -Addresses regulatory and safety aspects, which are key considerations for pharmaceutical companies -Includes case studies from recent drug development programs to illustrate the practical challenges of preformulation design Innovative Dosage Forms: Design and Development at Early Stage provides valuable benefits to interdisciplinary drug discovery teams working in industry and academia and will appeal to medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, and pharmacologists.
Long Acting Animal Health Drug Products
Author: Michael J. Rathbone
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461444381
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 396
Book Description
Long acting veterinary formulations play a significant role in animal health, production and reproduction within the animal health industry. Such technologies offer beneficial advantages to the veterinarian, farmer and pet owner. These advantages have resulted in them growing in popularity in recent years. The pharmaceutical scientist is faced with many challenges when innovating new products in this demanding field of controlled release. This book provides the reader with a comprehensive guide on the theories, applications, and challenges associated with the design and development of long acting veterinary formulations. The authoritative chapters of the book are written by some of the leading experts in the field. The book covers a wide scope of areas including the market influences, preformulation, biopharmaceutics, in vitro drug release testing and specification setting to name but a few. It also provides a detailed overview of the major technological advances made in this area. As a result this book covers everything a formulation scientist in industry or academia, or a student needs to know about this unique drug delivery field to advance health, production and reproduction treatment options and benefits for animals worldwide.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461444381
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 396
Book Description
Long acting veterinary formulations play a significant role in animal health, production and reproduction within the animal health industry. Such technologies offer beneficial advantages to the veterinarian, farmer and pet owner. These advantages have resulted in them growing in popularity in recent years. The pharmaceutical scientist is faced with many challenges when innovating new products in this demanding field of controlled release. This book provides the reader with a comprehensive guide on the theories, applications, and challenges associated with the design and development of long acting veterinary formulations. The authoritative chapters of the book are written by some of the leading experts in the field. The book covers a wide scope of areas including the market influences, preformulation, biopharmaceutics, in vitro drug release testing and specification setting to name but a few. It also provides a detailed overview of the major technological advances made in this area. As a result this book covers everything a formulation scientist in industry or academia, or a student needs to know about this unique drug delivery field to advance health, production and reproduction treatment options and benefits for animals worldwide.
Paediatric Formulation
Author: Nunzio Denora
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 303650740X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 205
Book Description
The development of paediatric medicines can be challenging since this is a different patient population with specific needs. A medicine designed for use in paediatric patients must consider the following aspects: patient population variability; the need for dose flexibility; route of administration; patient compliance; excipient tolerability. For example, the toxicity of excipients may differ in children compared to adults and children have different taste preferences. Globally, about 75% of drugs do not carry regulatory approval for use in children; worldwide, many medications prescribed for the treatment of paediatric diseases are used off-label, and less than 20% of package inserts have sufficient information for treating children. This book provides an update on both state-of-the-art methodology and operational challenges in paediatric formulation design and development. It aims at re-evaluating what is needed for more progress in the design and development of age-appropriate treatments for paediatric diseases, focusing on: formulation development; drug delivery design; efficacy, safety, and tolerability of drugs and excipients.
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 303650740X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 205
Book Description
The development of paediatric medicines can be challenging since this is a different patient population with specific needs. A medicine designed for use in paediatric patients must consider the following aspects: patient population variability; the need for dose flexibility; route of administration; patient compliance; excipient tolerability. For example, the toxicity of excipients may differ in children compared to adults and children have different taste preferences. Globally, about 75% of drugs do not carry regulatory approval for use in children; worldwide, many medications prescribed for the treatment of paediatric diseases are used off-label, and less than 20% of package inserts have sufficient information for treating children. This book provides an update on both state-of-the-art methodology and operational challenges in paediatric formulation design and development. It aims at re-evaluating what is needed for more progress in the design and development of age-appropriate treatments for paediatric diseases, focusing on: formulation development; drug delivery design; efficacy, safety, and tolerability of drugs and excipients.
The Merck Veterinary Manual
Author: Merck and Co., Inc. Staff
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780911910803
Category : Veterinary medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
For more than forty years, animal health professionals have turned to the Merck Veterinary Manualfor integrated, concise and reliable veterinary information. Now this manual covering the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of companion, food and zoo animals.is available on an easy-to-use, fully searchable CD-ROM. The CD includes the full text of The Merck Veterinary Manual 8/e and has been enhanced with picture links featuring original anatomical artwork and numerous clinical and diagnostic illustrations, table links and quick search links that provide quick accesss to cross referenced text.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780911910803
Category : Veterinary medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
For more than forty years, animal health professionals have turned to the Merck Veterinary Manualfor integrated, concise and reliable veterinary information. Now this manual covering the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of companion, food and zoo animals.is available on an easy-to-use, fully searchable CD-ROM. The CD includes the full text of The Merck Veterinary Manual 8/e and has been enhanced with picture links featuring original anatomical artwork and numerous clinical and diagnostic illustrations, table links and quick search links that provide quick accesss to cross referenced text.