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Author: Pavle Bujanovic
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Book Description
Future Intelligent Transportation System strategies that use cooperative automation have the potential to greatly improve transportation network performance and infrastructure efficiency. One of these strategies, vehicle platooning, uses wireless communication to allow a group of vehicles to move as a single unit with small, constant, time headways. This raises the capacity of a highway and increases the stability of traffic flow. This dissertation first addresses the controller design for platooning, which is the algorithm used by platooning vehicles to control their speed trajectory. Second, it considers the capacity impact of platooning on highway basic segments by developing an analytical model geared towards equipping planners and engineers to plan for the future. For the controller design, a multi-vehicle look ahead feedforward-feedback control structure is proposed. This approach allows vehicles to be proactive about responding to downstream traffic. However, depending on the controller design, in certain situations, a multi-vehicle look ahead approach may not give enough attention to the immediately preceding vehicle which may be a safety concern. Thus, to increase safety, the proposed controller varies the attention given to downstream vehicles based upon the relative location of all downstream vehicles in the platoon. The controller is further updated to allow vehicles to focus on the first vehicle in the platoon, whenever safe, which is proven to maximize platoon stability. Through simulations and live experiments, the final controller design displays stable performance which is important to positively impact upstream traffic. For the impact of platooning on capacity of highway basic segments, an analytical model is proposed, which accounts for variables such as market penetration rate, to determine the average time headway which is directly related to capacity at saturation conditions. The model works by estimating the probability that a randomly chosen vehicle will be in a number of different following modes under which it will maintain a different time headway. Determining when to open dedicated lanes for platooning purposes is also part of the model. In addition, to allow for analysis in conjunction with the Highway Capacity Manual, methods that determine the passenger car equivalent of platooning enabled passenger cars are presented.
Author: Pavle Bujanovic
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Book Description
Future Intelligent Transportation System strategies that use cooperative automation have the potential to greatly improve transportation network performance and infrastructure efficiency. One of these strategies, vehicle platooning, uses wireless communication to allow a group of vehicles to move as a single unit with small, constant, time headways. This raises the capacity of a highway and increases the stability of traffic flow. This dissertation first addresses the controller design for platooning, which is the algorithm used by platooning vehicles to control their speed trajectory. Second, it considers the capacity impact of platooning on highway basic segments by developing an analytical model geared towards equipping planners and engineers to plan for the future. For the controller design, a multi-vehicle look ahead feedforward-feedback control structure is proposed. This approach allows vehicles to be proactive about responding to downstream traffic. However, depending on the controller design, in certain situations, a multi-vehicle look ahead approach may not give enough attention to the immediately preceding vehicle which may be a safety concern. Thus, to increase safety, the proposed controller varies the attention given to downstream vehicles based upon the relative location of all downstream vehicles in the platoon. The controller is further updated to allow vehicles to focus on the first vehicle in the platoon, whenever safe, which is proven to maximize platoon stability. Through simulations and live experiments, the final controller design displays stable performance which is important to positively impact upstream traffic. For the impact of platooning on capacity of highway basic segments, an analytical model is proposed, which accounts for variables such as market penetration rate, to determine the average time headway which is directly related to capacity at saturation conditions. The model works by estimating the probability that a randomly chosen vehicle will be in a number of different following modes under which it will maintain a different time headway. Determining when to open dedicated lanes for platooning purposes is also part of the model. In addition, to allow for analysis in conjunction with the Highway Capacity Manual, methods that determine the passenger car equivalent of platooning enabled passenger cars are presented.
Author: Muhammad S. Al-isa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Traffic accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Author: James M. Anderson
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 0833084372
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.
Author: Dietrich E Wolf
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814547948
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
Prediction of traffic (like weather forecast), its planning and control are counted among the great scientific and technological challenges. Similarly, flow of granular material like tablets or powders is of immense importance for industrial processing of solids. Both fields have intriguing conceptual analogies.From 9-11 October, 1995, the German Supercomputing Center HLRZ (Höchstleitungsrechenzentrum) at the research center Jülich (KFA) organized an international workshop 'Traffic and Granular Flow'. The purpose of this workshop was to promote the interaction between these two scientific fields, to which supercomputing is making essential contributions, and to stimulate the transfer between basic and applied research.
Author: Gereon Meyer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319948962
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
This is the fifth volume of a sub series on Road Vehicle Automation published within the Lecture Notes in Mobility. Like in previous editions, scholars, engineers and analysts from all around the world have contributed chapters covering human factors, ethical, legal, energy and technology aspects related to automated vehicles, as well as transportation infrastructure and public planning. The book is based on the Automated Vehicles Symposium which was hosted by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) and the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in San Francisco, California (USA) in July 2017.
Author: Zhen Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Recent years, autonomous vehicle (AV) technology, which is expected to solve critical issues, such as traffic efficiency, capacity, and safety, has been put a lot of efforts and making considerable progress. It utilizes data from various sensors for sensing, prediction, and control tasks. Another related technology that also has significant impacts on transportation is connected vehicle (CV). With the assistance of dedicated short-range communication devices, CV communicates with other vehicles in the system or roadside infrastructure to get valuable information about surroundings. Combining these technologies together, connected and automated vehicle (CAV) can further enhance the AV benefits in various ways, such as safety and efficiency. Towards to fully automation, one of most important areas is the advanced driver-assistance systems, especially the longitudinal control. Since the manual vehicles will still dominate the road for a long time, how to perform the longitudinal control for a CAV is a critical problem to be solved for mixed traffic consisting of CAVs and manual vehicles. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a modern control framework that has been extensively studied across various fields. There is also plenty of research applying MPC to control the vehicle in full CAV environments. However, due to the lack of communication with the preceding manual vehicle, CAV is not able to attain the planning of the leading vehicle's control actions, which is critically needed by MPC controller. The emerging deep learning techniques have demonstrated promising capability in various domains, including traffic prediction. This research focuses on developing a novel car-following control strategy for a platoon of CAVs and manual vehicles. Specifically, it controls those CAVs following another manual vehicle in this platoon and enhance the stability. The proposed longitudinal control strategy is designed in MPC manner, embedded with deep-learning enhanced prediction. This dissertation first conducts a comprehensive review on car-following models and MPC theories and applications on vehicle control. Then a novel control strategy is developed to enhance the efficiency and stability of controlling CAVs in mixed traffic. There are two major parts in this strategy. One is trajectory prediction model, and the other is MPC controller. Two different deep long-short-term-memory (LSTM) based models are designed and evaluated for two potential control scenarios, taking advantages of new deep learning technology. Embedded with deep learning models, MPC controller is formulated with consideration of safety, efficiency, and driving comfort. Several experiments are carried out to analyze the performance of trajectory prediction models and proposed control strategy and results show promising potential.
Author: Abdelaziz Bensrhair
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119855489
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
The main topic of this book is the recent development of on-board advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), which we can already tell will eventually contribute to the autonomous and connected vehicles of tomorrow. With the development of automated mobility, it becomes necessary to design a series of modules which, from the data produced by on-board or remote information sources, will enable the construction of a completely automated driving system. These modules are perception, decision and action. State-of-the-art AI techniques and their potential applications in the field of autonomous vehicles are described. Perception systems, focusing on visual sensors, the decision module and the prototyping, testing and evaluation of ADAS systems are all presented for effective implementation on autonomous and connected vehicles. This book also addresses cooperative systems, such as pedestrian detection, as well as the legal issues in the use of autonomous vehicles in open environments.
Author: Isak Karabegović
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030180727
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 812
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Book Description
This book features papers focusing on the implementation of new and future technologies, which were presented at the International Conference on New Technologies, Development and Application, held at the Academy of Science and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo on 27th–29th June 2019. It covers a wide range of future technologies and technical disciplines, including complex systems such as Industry 4.0; robotics; mechatronics systems; automation; manufacturing; cyber-physical and autonomous systems; sensors; networks; control, energy, automotive and biological systems; vehicular networking and connected vehicles; effectiveness and logistics systems, smart grids, as well as nonlinear, power, social and economic systems. We are currently experiencing the Fourth Industrial Revolution “Industry 4.0”, and its implementation will improve many aspects of human life in all segments, and lead to changes in business paradigms and production models. Further, new business methods are emerging, transforming production systems, transport, delivery, and consumption, which need to be monitored and implemented by every company involved in the global market.
Author: Alexander Schirrer
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030886824
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
This open access book presents research and evaluation results of the Austrian flagship project “Connecting Austria,” illustrating the wide range of research needs and questions that arise when semi-automated truck platooning is deployed in Austria. The work presented is introduced in the context of work in similar research areas around the world. This interdisciplinary research effort considers aspects of engineering, road-vehicle and infrastructure technologies, traffic management and optimization, traffic safety, and psychology, as well as potential economic effects. The book’s broad perspective means that readers interested in current and state-of-the-art methods and techniques for the realization of semi-automated driving and with either an engineering background or with a less technical background gain a comprehensive picture of this important subject. The contributors address many questions such as: Which maneuvers does a platoon typically have to carry out, and how? How can platoons be integrated seamlessly in the traffic flow without becoming an obstacle to individual road users? What trade-offs between system information (sensors, communication effort, etc.) and efficiency are realistic? How can intersections be passed by a platoon in an intelligent fashion? Consideration of diverse disciplines and highlighting their meaning for semi-automated truck platooning, together with the highlighting of necessary research and evaluation patterns to address such a broad task scientifically, makes Energy-Efficient and Semi-automated Truck Platooning a unique contribution with methods that can be extended and adapted beyond the geographical area of the research reported.
Author: Markus Maurer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662488477
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 698
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Book Description
This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".
