Developing of Instrumentation Incorporating Solid State Gas Sensors for Measurement of Oxygen Partial Pressure PDF Download
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Author: Mohieddine Benammar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Mohieddine Benammar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Mohieddine Benammar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Electronic instrumentation was developed for the measurement of the oxygen partial pressure, P1 (in a sample gas using fully-sealed zirconia pump-gauge oxygen sensors operated in an AC mode. These sensors, operated typically at 700?C, consisted of two discs of zirconia with porous platinum electrodes on each face separated by a gold seal and enclosing a small internal volume. One disc was operated as a pump enabling oxygen to be electrochemically transferred into and out of the enclosed volume; the other disc operated as a gauge, the Nernst EMF across the electrodes providing a measure of the ratio of the internal to the external oxygen partial pressure. By careful design of the circuitry it was possible to measure the oxygen partial pressure, P, without the need for a separate reference gas supply. Subsequently, a novel "tracking" mode of operation was proposed and implemented in which leakage effects generally associated with sealed pump-gauge devices were minimised: the sensor was operated in a feedback control-loop in order to adjust automatically the mean internal reference oxygen partial pressure, P0, so as to maintain the ratio (Px/P0) close to unity. The signal-to-noise ratio was markedly improved by using gauge EMFs with high amplitudes which inevitably display a distorted sinusoid due to the logarithmic term in the Nernst equation. Surprisingly, mathematical analysis predicted that the linearity of the output of the instrument using phase-sensitive detection should not be affected by the deviation from a sinusoid and this was confirmed experimentally: signal processing was practically implemented using simple analogue electronics. As anticipated there was a strong influence of sensor temperature on the output of the instrument: consequently, methods for temperature compensation were proposed and shown to be feasible with minimum hardware. The theory of Operation of leaky pump-gauge was also developed which indicated that a physical leak in the sensor should cause a phase shift and amplitude change in the sensor output. Experimental results were, in general, in agreement with the theory demonstrating the influences of the geometry and dimensions of the leak and of the operating frequency. Importantly, the theory predicted that, when operated in the AC mode, devices with major leakage may still be used for oxygen partial pressure measurement: again this was confirmed by experiment and the additional benefit of a concomitant substantial simplification of the electronic circuitry also realised. Interestingly an unexpected but small influence of oxygen concentration on the phase shift was observed: this requires additional study.
Author: P. T. Moseley
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN:
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
An overview of the principles & current technology of the main sensor types used for flammable gas detection, oxygen monitoring in combustion & car-exhaust control. Also includes toxic gas monitoring. A companion volume to Techniques & Mechanisms in Gas Sensing.
Author: Maximilian Fleischer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642280935
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Gas sensor products are very often the key to innovations in the fields of comfort, security, health, environment, and energy savings. This compendium focuses on what the research community labels as solid state gas sensors, where a gas directly changes the electrical properties of a solid, serving as the primary signal for the transducer. It starts with a visionary approach to how life in future buildings can benefit from the power of gas sensors. The requirements for various applications, such as for example the automotive industry, are then discussed in several chapters. Further contributions highlight current trends in new sensing principles, such as the use of nanomaterials and how to use new sensing principles for innovative applications in e.g. meteorology. So as to bring together the views of all the different groups needed to produce new gas sensing applications, renowned industrial and academic representatives report on their experiences and expectations in research, applications and industrialisation.
Author: Andreas Mandelis
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471558859
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
Research and development of solid state gas sensor devices began in the 1950s with several uncoordinated independent efforts. The number and pace of these investigations later accelerated in response to increasing pressure placed on the environment and public health by industrial activities. Since 1970, several thousand articles have been written on the subject, and laboratories around the globe have introduced novel methodologies and devices to address needs associated with particular technological developments. Despite the rapid development of this important new technology, very little has been done to review and coordinate data related to sensor science and technology itself. Physics, Chemistry and Technology of Solid State Gas Sensor Devices focuses on the underlying principles of solid state sensor operation and reveals the rich fabric of interdisciplinary science that governs modern sensing devices. Beginning with some historical and scientific background, the text proceeds to a study of the interactions of gases with surfaces. Subsequent chapters present detailed information on the fabrication, performance, and application of a variety of sensors. Types of sensor devices discussed include: Gas-sensitive solid state semiconductor sensors Photonic and photoacoustic gas sensors Fiber optic sensors Piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance sensors Surface acoustic wave sensors Pyroelectric and thermal sensors For analytical chemists using solid state sensors in environment-related analysis, and for electrical engineers working with solid state sensors, this book will expand and unify their understanding of these devices, both in theory and practice.
Author: G. Sberveglieri
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401127379
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
There were two reasons that induced me to plan and to organize this book, the first was the lack of a text entirely devoted to the subject of gas sensors, notwithstanding some books devoted to the various kind of chemical sensors have recently been published. The second reason was the need of introducing the basic topics of gas detection mechanisms to a growing number of researchers active in research and development laboratories of industries and uni versities. The field of chemical sensors is indeed in fast and consistent growth, as it is proved by the increased number of participants to the congresses that were recently held on this subject, namely the Third Meeting on Chemical Sensors (September 24 - 26, 1990, Cleveland), Transducers' 91 (June 24 - 27, 1991, S. Francisco) and EUROSENSORS V (September 30 - October 3, 1991, Rome). Therefore, this book is mainly intended as a reference text for researchers with a MS degree in physics, chemistry and electrical engineering; it reports the last progresses in the R. & D. and in the technology of gas sensors. I choose to deal specifically with the topic of gas sensors because these devices show a very large number of applications in the domestic and industrial field and they are characterized by a great effort of research and development.
Author: Raivo Jaaniso
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0081025602
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 510
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Book Description
Semiconductor Gas Sensors, Second Edition, summarizes recent research on basic principles, new materials and emerging technologies in this essential field. Chapters cover the foundation of the underlying principles and sensing mechanisms of gas sensors, include expanded content on gas sensing characteristics, such as response, sensitivity and cross-sensitivity, present an overview of the nanomaterials utilized for gas sensing, and review the latest applications for semiconductor gas sensors, including environmental monitoring, indoor monitoring, medical applications, CMOS integration and chemical warfare agents. This second edition has been completely updated, thus ensuring it reflects current literature and the latest materials systems and applications. Includes an overview of key applications, with new chapters on indoor monitoring and medical applications Reviews developments in gas sensors and sensing methods, including an expanded section on gas sensor theory Discusses the use of nanomaterials in gas sensing, with new chapters on single-layer graphene sensors, graphene oxide sensors, printed sensors, and much more
Author: Nicholas F. Szabo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas detectors
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract: The goal of this dissertation was to study and develop high temperature solid-state sensors for combustion based gases. Specific attention was focused on NO x gases (NO and NO2) as they are of significant importance with respect to the environment and the health of living beings. This work is divided into four sections with the first chapter being an introduction into the effects of NO[subscript x] gases and current regulations, followed by an introduction to the field of high temperature NO[subscript x] sensors and finally where and why they will be needed in the future. Chapter 2 focuses on the development of a gas sensor for NO[subscript x] capable of operation in harsh environments. The basis of the sensor is a mixed potential response at 500/600ʻC generated by exposure of gases to a platinum-yttria stabilized zirconia (Pt-YSZ) interface. Asymmetry between the two Pt electrodes on YSZ is generated by covering one of the electrodes with a zeolite, which helps to bring NO/NO2 towards equilibrium prior to the gases reaching the electrochemically active interface. Three sensor designs have been examined, including a planar design that is amenable to packaging for surviving automotive exhaust streams. Automotive tests indicated that the sensor is capable of detecting NO in engine exhausts. It is difficult to measure NO or NO2 selectively especially when both gases are present at the same time thus we have developed a strategy in chapter 3 to measure the total NO[subscript x] level (NO +NO2) in a background of O2 and N2 at high temperatures with minimal CO interference by combining a catalytic filter bed with the existing YSZ sensor device. The filter bed was composed of a Pt catalyst dispersed onto a zeolite Y support placed before a YSZ sensor having an air reference with a Cr2O3 or Pt sensing electrode. Chapter 4 explores the reasons for the difference in sensitivity of metal oxide electrodes, Cr2O3 and a mixed conducting perovskite La06̣ Sr 04̣Fe0̣Co02̣O[subscript x], with the goal of ultimately developing a systematic method of electrode screening as compared to the random screening often found in the literature.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 618
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Book Description
Author: Carl A. Burtis
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 1455759422
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2259
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Book Description
As the definitive reference for clinical chemistry, Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, 5th Edition offers the most current and authoritative guidance on selecting, performing, and evaluating results of new and established laboratory tests. Up-to-date encyclopedic coverage details everything you need to know, including: analytical criteria for the medical usefulness of laboratory procedures; new approaches for establishing reference ranges; variables that affect tests and results; the impact of modern analytical tools on lab management and costs; and applications of statistical methods. In addition to updated content throughout, this two-color edition also features a new chapter on hemostasis and the latest advances in molecular diagnostics. Section on Molecular Diagnostics and Genetics contains nine expanded chapters that focus on emerging issues and techniques, written by experts in field, including Y.M. Dennis Lo, Rossa W.K. Chiu, Carl Wittwer, Noriko Kusukawa, Cindy Vnencak-Jones, Thomas Williams, Victor Weedn, Malek Kamoun, Howard Baum, Angela Caliendo, Aaron Bossler, Gwendolyn McMillin, and Kojo S.J. Elenitoba-Johnson. Highly-respected author team includes three editors who are well known in the clinical chemistry world. Reference values in the appendix give you one location for comparing and evaluating test results. NEW! Two-color design throughout highlights important features, illustrations, and content for a quick reference. NEW! Chapter on hemostasis provides you with all the information you need to accurately conduct this type of clinical testing. NEW! Six associate editors lend even more expertise and insight to the reference. NEW! Reorganized chapters ensure that only the most current information is included.
