Determination of Slag and Pulverized Fuel Ash in Hardened Concrete--The Method of Last Resort Revisited PDF Download
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Author: MG. Grantham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Admixtures
Languages : en
Pages : 3
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Book Description
The paper briefly reviews the standard United Kingdom (UK) procedure for the determination of cement content of hardened concrete. It then points out the special problems that occur when attempting to determine the cement content and the amount of mineral admixture in concrete. The method described in this paper, originally devised by the Building Research Establishment, employs a total analysis of the concrete and control samples of the cement, aggregates, and mineral admixture. The method usually used is quantitative X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The analytical results are examined by the application of a simultaneous equation mathematical approach to resolve the content of the individual components. Application of the method in a case history is used for illustration.
Author: MG. Grantham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Admixtures
Languages : en
Pages : 3
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Book Description
The paper briefly reviews the standard United Kingdom (UK) procedure for the determination of cement content of hardened concrete. It then points out the special problems that occur when attempting to determine the cement content and the amount of mineral admixture in concrete. The method described in this paper, originally devised by the Building Research Establishment, employs a total analysis of the concrete and control samples of the cement, aggregates, and mineral admixture. The method usually used is quantitative X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The analytical results are examined by the application of a simultaneous equation mathematical approach to resolve the content of the individual components. Application of the method in a case history is used for illustration.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aggregates (Building materials)
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Author: RD. Hooton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
Some agencies limit the slag (ground-granulated blast-furnace slag) replacement of portland cement in some instances. In other cases, minimum slag replacements are specified. Therefore, there is a need to be able to quantify the slag content to show conformance with specifications. The two methods proposed here are (1) X-ray diffraction (XRD) of ignited mixtures and (2) optical microscopy on thin sections. The XRD method involves ignition of the mortar fraction of concrete at 950 to 1050°C to devitrify the unreacted slag. The resulting crystalline melilite component is then compared to that in an ignited sample of slag from the same source.
Author: Chad Sippel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Author: JM. Fox
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Concrete petrography
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Book Description
Research was undertaken using thin sections and immersion mounts with the objective of using a modified line count procedure for the quantitative petrographic determination of fly ash and ground-granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in hardened concrete and blended cements. The line method used in this study is a variation of standard microscopic point count methods and yields an average number frequency that is a linear function of the weight percent of fly ash or GGBFS of total cementitious materials. Multiple traverses were counted on thin sections of concrete over areas of paste only and in immersion slides of blended cements containing known amounts of fly ash and GGBFS. The average number of particles in a traverse was computed, the traverse length being equal to the width of the field of view of the petrographic microscope. For hardened concrete, only pozzolan particles were counted. For blended cements, all particles were counted and the ratio of pozzolan particles to total particles was determined. A linear relationship between the average number of pozzolan particles for a traverse line and the weight percent of pozzolan makes it possible to estimate the fly ash and GGBFS content of unknowns. Results of the research indicate that the line method is a rapid and accurate method for petrographic determination of fly ash and GGBFS in hardened concrete and blended cements. This technique and variations of it have been used by other researchers and it has the potential to be a standard test procedure.
Author: P. Xie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Blast-furnace slag
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
Author: Michael J. Foisey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aggregates (Building materials)
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
Author: Gerardo G. Clemeña
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cement
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
The method of selective solution by methanolic maleic acid, developed by Tabikh et. al for the determination of cement content in hardened concrete, was evaluated. It was found to be relatively simple and inexpensive, and is accurate to within ±1 percentage point cement at the 95% confidence level with the use of calibration curves. Such factors as aggregate and cement compositions, curing time, and water-cement ratio were investigated as to their effects on the method. Among these factors, aggregate composition was the only one found to have a significant effect on the analytical results. The determination of cement content by the measurement of the specific gravity increase in a methanolic maleic acid solution was also investigated, but was found to have unsatisfactory precision.
Author: W. L. Frederick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aggregates (Building materials)
Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Book Description
Author: SL. Marusin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Admixtures
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
The determination of cement content of hardened concrete using the maleic acid (MMA) extraction method was evaluated using laboratory-prepared samples. The effect of variations in the strength of the maleic acid solution and sample digestion time were evaluated. The method was found to be very accurate. The difference between the actual and determined cement contents of the laboratory-prepared concretes ranged from 0.0 to 0.3 bags per yd3 with an average of 0.2 bags per yd3. A test procedure for using the method to determine the cement content in concrete cores is proposed. The method is recommended as an adjunct to petrographic examination, since significant errors may occur if the cement paste is extensively carbonated, if such admixtures or aggregates as fly ash or slag are present, or if the aggregates contain carbonate minerals.
