Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci for Marker-assisted Selection of Soybean Isoflavone Genistein PDF Download
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Author: Christopher Joseph Smallwood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Isoflavones
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is an important crop throughout the world. Among the many seed quality traits contained in soybean are isoflavones, which are associated with numerous health benefits, including cancer prevention, improved cardiovascular health, improved bone health, and reduced menopausal symptoms. This study sought to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling soybean isoflavones genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and total isoflavone content to gain a better understanding of genetic regions controlling production of these compounds. The phenotypic data for QTL detection was generated in 2009 from a population of 274 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) separated into three field tests based on maturity (early, mid, and late) and grown in three locations (Knoxville, TN; Harrisburg, IL; and Stuttgart, AR). Genotypic data was obtained using 1,536 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, of which 480 were polymorphic. Overall, 21 QTL were detected for soybean isoflavones, including 7 for genistein, 5 for daidzein, 3 for glycitein, and 6 for total isoflavones. Of these 21 QTL, 8 were newly detected, while 13 were validated from previous studies. Marker-assisted selections (MAS) were made using the QTL for genistein, which is typically the most abundant isoflavone, for comparison with phenotypic selections. Challenges exist when considering MAS for quantitative traits such as isoflavones, including concerns with epistatic interactions and genotype × environment interactions. However, isoflavone improvement with MAS would be useful as phenotyping data is costly and time consuming. Comparisons of MAS and phenotypic selection methods were done in 2010 and 2011 in field tests grown in three locations (Knoxville, TN; Springfield, TN; Milan, TN). Results from this study indicate that phenotypic selections outperformed MAS for genistein. However MAS for genistein did show improvements in relation to parental lines, as well as unselected RILs included in field tests for comparison. Additionally, genistein was significantly correlated with other isoflavones, as well as with yield. More research should be done as the costly and time consuming process of collecting phenotypic data for isoflavones provides incentive to pursue MAS as an improvement strategy.
Author: Christopher Joseph Smallwood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Isoflavones
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is an important crop throughout the world. Among the many seed quality traits contained in soybean are isoflavones, which are associated with numerous health benefits, including cancer prevention, improved cardiovascular health, improved bone health, and reduced menopausal symptoms. This study sought to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling soybean isoflavones genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and total isoflavone content to gain a better understanding of genetic regions controlling production of these compounds. The phenotypic data for QTL detection was generated in 2009 from a population of 274 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) separated into three field tests based on maturity (early, mid, and late) and grown in three locations (Knoxville, TN; Harrisburg, IL; and Stuttgart, AR). Genotypic data was obtained using 1,536 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, of which 480 were polymorphic. Overall, 21 QTL were detected for soybean isoflavones, including 7 for genistein, 5 for daidzein, 3 for glycitein, and 6 for total isoflavones. Of these 21 QTL, 8 were newly detected, while 13 were validated from previous studies. Marker-assisted selections (MAS) were made using the QTL for genistein, which is typically the most abundant isoflavone, for comparison with phenotypic selections. Challenges exist when considering MAS for quantitative traits such as isoflavones, including concerns with epistatic interactions and genotype × environment interactions. However, isoflavone improvement with MAS would be useful as phenotyping data is costly and time consuming. Comparisons of MAS and phenotypic selection methods were done in 2010 and 2011 in field tests grown in three locations (Knoxville, TN; Springfield, TN; Milan, TN). Results from this study indicate that phenotypic selections outperformed MAS for genistein. However MAS for genistein did show improvements in relation to parental lines, as well as unselected RILs included in field tests for comparison. Additionally, genistein was significantly correlated with other isoflavones, as well as with yield. More research should be done as the costly and time consuming process of collecting phenotypic data for isoflavones provides incentive to pursue MAS as an improvement strategy.
![Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and Genes Associated with Seed Isoflavone Concentration in Soybean (Glycine Max [L] Merril.). PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/3G57zgEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Adam Carter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Isoflavones are plant secondary metabolites produced by soybean (Glycine-max-[L.] Merr.) that function as phytoalexins in plants and have positive human health benefits. Breeding for soybeans with high seed isoflavones has attracted considerable attention. Soybean seed isoflavones are quantitatively inherited and may be involved in disease resistance. The objectives of this thesis were to: identify quantitative-trait-loci (QTL) and genes associated with seed isoflavones and study the effects of genotype, environment, and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) on isoflavones. A population of 109 recombinant inbred lines was developed from the cross RCAT 1004 x DH 4202 and evaluated in four Ontario locations in 2015 and 2016. Significant genotype, environment, and GEI effects were found. Single marker analyses and interval mapping identified 10 and four QTL associated with isoflavones, respectively. Gene expression analyses revealed the importance of the chalcone synthase 7 and 8 (CHS7 and CHS8) genes on isoflavone biosynthesis. The identified QTL and genes can be used in marker assisted selection.
Author: Jiao Wang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303141447
Category : Soy oil
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Protein and oil are the major chemical constituents of soybean seed that affect the quality of soyfood, feed, and oil products. Therefore, soybean cultivars with high protein and/or high oil are desirable for the soyfood and feed markets. Use of molecular-marker-assisted selection will facilitate the breeding process of such cultivar development. The objectives of this research were to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTL) and confirm previously reported QTL associated with seed protein and oil content by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations consisting of 242 individuals from R05-1415 (high protein/low oil) x R05-638 (low protein/high oil) (population 1) and 214 individuals from R05-4256 (high oil/low protein) x V97-1346 (low oil/high protein) (population 2) were used in QTL mapping. F2 plants from the mapping populations were used for SSR/SNP genotyping. In the marker screening, 120 out of 626 SSR and 1652 out of 5361 SNP markers were polymorphic. The RILs from both populations were grown in a randomized complete block design in Argentina in 2010, Stuttgart and Keiser, AR in 2011 and 2012. Seed from F2:3, F2:4 and F2:5 lines were tested for protein and oil content by using near infrared transmittance technique based on 13% moisture. Protein and oil content in both RIL populations exhibited a typical normal distribution. Single marker analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping (CIM) revealed two novel oil QTL on chromosomes 14 and 6 in population 2 which account for 17% and 13% of the oil content variation, respectively. A minor protein QTL was confirmed on chromosome 14. One major QTL with large effect was confirmed on chromosome 20 across genetic populations, locations, and years; this QTL has opposite effects on seed protein and oil content. Eight new SNP markers flanking this QTL region on chromosome 20 were identified in population 2. These new and confirmed QTL along with linked molecular markers for seed protein and oil content can be used for marker-assisted selection for seed composition improvement in soybean breeding programs.
Author: Sandra Liliana Florez Palacios
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321045178
Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Seed carbohydrate content is an important aspect in breeding for food-grade soybeans commercialized in the soyfood market. Sucrose and stachyose are the primary carbohydrates in soybean seed. Sucrose affects the quality and taste of various soyfoods such as tofu, soymilk, and natto; however, consumption of soy-based products with high stachyose concentrations can cause diarrhea and flatulence. A mutant line (V99-5089) with high-sucrose and low-stachyose has been identified. The objectives of this research were: 1) to identify sucrose QTLs in a F2-derived mapping population; 2) to investigate the genetic relationship between two low-stachyose sources, V99-5089 and the germplasm line PI200508; and 3) to identify stachyose QTLs in a F2-derived mapping population. An allelism test for low stachyose was performed by using 121 F2-derived lines from the cross PI200508 x V99-5089 grown in three different environments. Carbohydrate content was determined by a high performance liquid chromatogram system, and lines were classified as high- or low- stachyose. Chi-square analysis was performed to test for goodness-of-fit of observed segregation to the expected genetic ratio. Results showed a 9 high-stachyose : 7 low-stachyose ratio, indicating that two independent recessive genes conferred the low-stachyose trait in the two mutant lines. Additionally, gene dosage effect was observed; however, further study is required in order to confirm its presence. The sucrose and stachyose QTL studies were carried out in 92 F2:7 lines derived from the cross V97-3000 x V99-5089. Leaf samples were collected at F2:6 for DNA extraction and subsequent molecular analysis using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Seed from F2:7 lines grown in two locations, each one with two replications, were analyzed for sugar content. Results showed two sucrose QTLs located on chromosomes 6 and 10, accounting for 17 and 11% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Additionally, two stachyose QTLs were found on chromosome 10 and 11, explaining 11 and 46% of the stachyose variation. Results from this research indicate that the two low-stachyose sources may serve as valuable parents in breeding for low-stachyose soybeans. Additionally, V99-5089 may also provide favorable alleles for breeding high-sucrose varieties. The sucrose and stachyose QTLs identified in these studies are stable across environments and will facilitate the marker-assisted selection for both traits.
Author: Catherine Nyaguthii Nyinyi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
Soybean seed quality and agronomic traits are important commercially. Agronomic traits such as yield, plant height, lodging, and adapted maturity have been the primary focus of breeders for many years. Seed quality traits are also important as they affect the market price of soybean. Higher protein soybean historically is valued more per unit. It is the goal of plant breeders therefore to simultaneously improve seed quality and agronomic traits. Seed quality and agronomic traits are quantitative traits whose inheritance is governed by many genes, and whose expression is subject to environmental variation. Furthermore, negative correlations between yield and protein, and protein and oil make it even more difficult to select for these traits. Molecular breeding tools such as quantitative trait loci (QTL) can provide breeders with a more direct method of selection for traits at the molecular level. QTL can however be misleading as they are subject to type I and type II errors. QTL validation studies are essential to marker assisted programs as they negate the need for individual breeders to validate every QTL of interest. The purpose of this study was to validate previously reported seed quality and agronomic trait QTL in an independent population derived from an Essex x Williams 82 cross. We were able to validate QTL for all traits and detected novel QTL that may be useful to breeders.
Author: Benjamin David Fallen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
The U.S. Census Bureau projects the worlds population will top more than nine billion by 2050. Today, soybeans account for 56 % of the world oilseed production and 68 % of the world protein meal consumption, with U.S. soybean production accounting for 33 % of the world soybean production. So, to meet the demand of the worlds growing population and of the livestock industry improvements in both the composition and the yield of soybean is essential. The primary objective of this project was to use molecular markers to identify genomic regions associated with amino acid composition and yield in soybean. For amino acid quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection 282 F59recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed from a cross between Essex and Williams 82 were used. The Universal Soy Linkage Panel (USLP) 1.0 of 1536 single nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs) was used to identify 480 polymorphic molecular genetic markers and to genotype the 282 RILs. A total of ten QTL were detected on chromosomes 5, 7, 9, 10, 13 and 20 that explained 5 to 14 % of the total phenotypic variation for a particular amino acid. To detect yield QTL 875 F59 RIL developed from a cross between Essex and Williams 82 were used. The 875 RILs were divided into four groups based on maturity and each group was grown in Knoxville, TN and one other location of adaptability. Each RIL was genotyped with>50,000 SNPs of which 17,232 were polymorphic across the population. A total of forty-six yield QTLs were detected in this study, explaining 4.5 % to 11.9% of the phenotypic variation for yield. In addition, marker assisted selections (MAS) were made using only additive effects and using a yield prediction model (YPM) in each environment and across environments for each group. By including additive by additive effects in addition to additive effects into the YPM, more top yielding lines were selected than by just using only additive effects. This study provides new information concerning amino acid research in soybean and may offer some important insights into using an YPM that includes epistasis in soybean.
![Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Associated with Seed Soyasaponin I Concentration in Soybean (Glycine Max [L] Merril.). PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/a5x1zgEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Edward MacDonell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is the world's largest oilseed crop and also produces soyasaponins, which have nutraceutical properties. Soyasaponin I is the major soyasaponin derived from soybean seeds. Seed soyasaponin I concentration is a quantitative trait, which can be improved through marker-assisted selection. A population of 186 F4-derived recombinant inbred lines from the cross of 'OAC Wallace' and 'OAC Glencoe' and a trial of 40 soybean cultivars were used in this study. Six QTL associated with soyasaponin I were identified through simple and composite interval mapping. Genotype, environment, and genotype-by-environment interactions for soyasaponin I were significant in the cultivar trial and genotype was significant in the mapping population. These results contribute to a better understanding of the genetics of soyasaponin I, the influence of environment and genotype-by-environment interactions on the trait, and provide molecular markers to facilitate marker-assisted selection for soybean cultivars with improved soyasaponin I profiles.
![Identification and Localization of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and Genes Associated with Oil Concentration in Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill] Seed PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/kAcYuAEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Mehrzad Eskandari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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![Marker Assisted Selection for Seed Yield in Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] Plant Row Yield Trials PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/NctQMwEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Jason D. Neus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed yield in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have been difficult to confirm among populations. Our objective was to determine whether a method of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for seed yield in elite lines would be applicable to selection in soybean plant row yield trials (PRYTs). Lines from two populations with elite parents were grown in PRYTs in 2008 and tested with markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seed yield. The first population was tested with 53 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and the second population with 26 SNP markers. F-tests were conducted to determine which loci were significantly associated with seed yield in the PRYTs. Lines from each population were then selected from the PRYTs to form five groups from each population: high and low seed yield phenotypes, high and low seed yield genotypes, and random. The five groups from each population were planted at eight diverse locations in 2009. In one population, the mean of the genotypic high group was not statistically different than the phenotypic high group. In the other population, the mean of the genotypic high group was within 90 kg/ha-1 of the mean of the phenotypic high group and was superior to the random group for seed yield. Even with the limited marker coverage, the genotypic selection method used in this study successfully identified lines in PRYTs that would not have been selected due to poor seed yield performance in 2008.
Author: Catherine Nyaguthii Nyinyi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 113
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Book Description
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is an important source of protein and oil for both nutritional and industrial applications. Increasing seed yield and protein concentration is the main goal of many soybean breeders to meet market demands. Soybean breeders have occasionally succeeded in producing high yielding cultivars with increased protein content using conventional means despite the negative correlation that exists between these two traits. The efficiency of breeding for seed yield and protein concentration improvement in soybean could be increased using marker assisted selection (MAS) breeding strategies to select genotypes containing favorable alleles for faster cultivar development. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seed yield, and separately, seed protein concentration and then compare phenotypic selection (PHE) and MAS approaches for seed yield and protein concentration improvement. Two hundred and eighty two F5 derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed from a cross of Essex [centered x, actual symbol not reproducible] Williams 82 and genotyped with 1586 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The population was divided by days to maturity (10 days) into three tests (early, mid and late) each with 94 genotypes, with one genotype overlapping in maturity in the mid and late tests. In 2009, the three tests, parents and checks were grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in: Fayetteville, AR; Harrisburg, IL and, Knoxville, TN replicated three times, and evaluated for seed yield and protein concentration. Data were combined within each test across three locations and analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS to determine that there were significant genotypic differences among RILs. Composite interval mapping (CIM) detected nine seed yield and ten protein concentration QTL which may be good candidates for MAS as they were environmentally stable. Selections to compare PHE, and MAS for seed yield and protein concentration provided 8 replicated field tests in four relative maturity groups grown in a RCBD replicated three times in three locations in Tennessee, in 2010. We demonstrated that both MAS and PHE may be used to select quantitative traits; however, more studies are required to optimize MAS for quantitative trait improvement.
