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Author: David Bird
Publisher: Master Point Press
ISBN: 9781894154314
Category : Games & Activities
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
"This book covers standard signaling methods on defense: attitude, count, suit preference, trump suit signals and Smith Echo. It also recommends adoption of a system of honor-card leads that allows a defender to ask his partner specifically to signal either attitude or count, depending on what the opening leader feels will provide more important information."--Back cover
Author: David Bird
Publisher: Master Point Press
ISBN: 9781894154314
Category : Games & Activities
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Get Book Here
Book Description
"This book covers standard signaling methods on defense: attitude, count, suit preference, trump suit signals and Smith Echo. It also recommends adoption of a system of honor-card leads that allows a defender to ask his partner specifically to signal either attitude or count, depending on what the opening leader feels will provide more important information."--Back cover
Author: David Bird
Publisher: Master Point Press
ISBN: 9781897106631
Category : Games & Activities
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
The author begins this thorough discussion of a neglected but vital topic by examining the real purpose of defensive signalling, and the basic kinds of signals that are available. He goes on to recommend a comprehensive set of signalling agreements, and analyzes more complex situations in the light of these agreements. Most of the chapters are followed by a quiz, and the answer to each signalling problem includes a full 52-card diagram to demonstrate the effectiveness of the recommended signal. The book finishes with a chapter that looks at the signalling methods of eight world-class pairs, with examples of their methods in action. A book any player who is looking to improve will want to read.
Author: Eddie Kantar
Publisher: Master Point Press
ISBN: 9781894154024
Category : Games & Activities
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Covers leads, signaling, second- and third-hand play, and discarding, and includes practice hands and quizzes.
Author: Ganesh C. Nikalje
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1394186436
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 511
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge biotechnological approaches for enhancing plant secondary metabolites to address abiotic stress, offering valuable insights into the future of utilizing plants for medicinal and industrial purposes. Various books on plant secondary metabolites are available, however, no book has an overview of the recent trends and future prospects of all the methods available to enhance the contents of the plant secondary metabolites. Plant Secondary Metabolites and Abiotic Stress aims to give an overview of all the available strategies to ameliorate abiotic stress in plants by modulating secondary metabolites using biotechnological approaches including plant tissue cultures, synthetic metabolic pathway engineering, targeted gene silencing, and editing using RNAi and CRISPR CAS9 technologies.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080923089
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
Viruses are a huge threat to agriculture. In the past, viruses used to be controlled using conventional methods, such as crop rotation and destruction of the infected plants, but now there are more novel ways to control them. This volume focuses on topics that must be better understood in order to foster future developments in basic and applied plant virology. These range from virus epidemiology and virus/host co-evolution and the control of vector-mediated transmission through to systems biology investigations of virus-cell interactions. Other chapters cover the current status of signalling in natural resistance and the potential for a revival in the use of cross-protection, as well as future opportunities for the deployment of the under-utilized but highly effective crop protection strategy of pathogen-derived resistance. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Author: Simcha Lev-Yadun
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319420968
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 373
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Book Description
This book presents visual plant defenses (camouflage, mimicry and aposematism via coloration, morphology and even movement) against herbivores. It is mainly an ideological monograph, a manifesto representing my current understanding on defensive plant coloration and related issues. The book is not the final word in anything, but rather the beginning of many things. It aims to establish visual anti-herbivory defense as an integral organ of botany, or plant science as it is commonly called today. I think that like in animals, many types of plant coloration can be explained by selection associated with the sensory/cognitive systems of herbivores and predators to reduce herbivory. It is intended to intrigue and stimulate students of botany/plant science and plant/animal interactions for a very long time. This book is tailored to a readership of biologists and naturalists of all kinds and levels, and more specifically for botanists, ecologists, evolutionists and to those interested in plant/animal interactions. It is written from the point of view of a naturalist, ecologist and evolutionary biologist that I hold, considering natural selection as the main although not the only drive for evolution. According to this perspective, factors such as chance, founder effects, genetic drift and various stochastic processes that may and do influence characters found in specific genotypes, are not comparable in their power and influence to the common outcomes of natural selection, especially manifested when very many species belonging to different plant families, with very different and separate evolutionary histories, arrive at the same adaptation, something that characterizes many of the visual patterns and proposed adaptations described and discussed in this book. Many of the discussed visual defensive mechanisms are aimed at operating before the plants are damaged, i.e., to be their first line of defense. In this respect, I think that the name of the book by Ruxton et al. (2004) "Avoiding Attack" is an excellent phrase for the assembly of the best types of defensive tactics. While discussing anti-herbivory, I do remember, study and teach physiological/developmental aspects of some of the discussed coloration patterns, and I am fully aware of the simultaneous and diverse functions of many plant characters in addition to defense.
Author: D. K. Choudhary
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832516114
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Author: Danny Roth
Publisher: Master Point Press
ISBN: 9781894154543
Category : Games & Activities
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
So you tend to be dealt very bad hands. I know exactly you feel! But, facing the facts of life and recognising that it is not your fault, you are going to have to accommodate this failing and improve your defence. It is a hard part of the game; even in international competitions, the standard of defensive play is, to put it kindly, modest. Yes, you will get plenty of reports of brilliances involving spectacular switches, deceptions, unblocks and discards of honours. But for every one of those, there are countless others in which the display would disgrace any beginners' class. I am going to assume that you are a regular club or tournament player who knows the basics of defence but who comes unstuck when it comes to situations where you have to work the hand out in detail. This book will help you to improve dramatically in this area. -- Danny Roth.
Author: Katarzyna Otulak-Kozieł
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832556566
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Biotic stress can increase or reduce a plant's susceptibility to specific pathogens. A wide range of plant pathogens, i.e., viruses, bacteria, and fungi causing diseases, modulate different elements of plant defense mechanisms responses that influence disease and the physiological state of host plants. Nevertheless, plant hosts are not static and defenseless. Plants have developed active and dynamic complex defense mechanisms to protect themselves against different pathogenic stressors. Plants' defense mechanisms consist of multi-elements and can be determined by pre-formed, natural barriers or inducible defense responses directly activated upon detection of a pathogen. The inducible response is defined as ‘basal resistance’ or ‘innate immunity’ and is regulated by signal transduction and transcriptional networks. Moreover, plant responses to pathogens are finely tuned and complex at the immune receptor, cellular, proteome, epigenetic, and transcriptome levels. We can tell that a sophisticated molecular ‘arms race’ is taking place in the biological co-evolution of plant-pathogen interactions especially in developing novel elements involved in this interaction. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the broad spectrum and underlying elements of defense mechanisms in the interactions between plants and their pathogenic enemies will improve plant resistance to pathogens.
Author: Dinesh K. Maheshwari
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642336396
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 502
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Book Description
The future of agriculture greatly depends on our ability to enhance productivity without sacrificing long-term production potential. The application of microorganisms, such as the diverse bacterial species of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), represents an ecologically and economically sustainable strategy. The use of these bio-resources for the enhancement of crop productivity is gaining importance worldwide. "Bacteria in Agrobiology: Disease Management" discusses various aspects of biological control and disease suppression using bacteria. Topics covered include: fluorescent pseudomonads; siderophore-producing PGPR; pseudomonas inoculants; bacillus-based biocontrol agents; bacterial control of root and tuber crop diseases; fungal pathogens of cereals; soil-borne fungal pathogens; peronosporomycete phytopathogens; and plant parasitic nematodes.
