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Author: Jason E. Taylor
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022660344X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) was enacted by Congress in June of 1933 to assist the nation’s recovery during the Great Depression. Its passage ushered in a unique experiment in US economic history: under the NIRA, the federal government explicitly supported, and in some cases enforced, alliances within industries. Antitrust laws were suspended, and companies were required to agree upon industry-level “codes of fair competition” that regulated wages and hours and could implement anti-competitive provisions such as those fixing prices, establishing production quotas, and imposing restrictions on new productive capacity. The NIRA is generally viewed as a monolithic program, its dramatic and sweeping effects best measurable through a macroeconomic lens. In this pioneering book, however, Jason E. Taylor examines the act instead using microeconomic tools, probing the uneven implementation of the act’s codes and the radical heterogeneity of its impact across industries and time. Deconstructing the Monolith employs a mixture of archival and empirical research to enrich our understanding of how the program affected the behavior and well-being of workers and firms during the two years NIRA existed as well as in the period immediately following its demise.
Author: Jason E. Taylor
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022660344X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 215
Get Book Here
Book Description
The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) was enacted by Congress in June of 1933 to assist the nation’s recovery during the Great Depression. Its passage ushered in a unique experiment in US economic history: under the NIRA, the federal government explicitly supported, and in some cases enforced, alliances within industries. Antitrust laws were suspended, and companies were required to agree upon industry-level “codes of fair competition” that regulated wages and hours and could implement anti-competitive provisions such as those fixing prices, establishing production quotas, and imposing restrictions on new productive capacity. The NIRA is generally viewed as a monolithic program, its dramatic and sweeping effects best measurable through a macroeconomic lens. In this pioneering book, however, Jason E. Taylor examines the act instead using microeconomic tools, probing the uneven implementation of the act’s codes and the radical heterogeneity of its impact across industries and time. Deconstructing the Monolith employs a mixture of archival and empirical research to enrich our understanding of how the program affected the behavior and well-being of workers and firms during the two years NIRA existed as well as in the period immediately following its demise.
Author: Sam Newman
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN: 1492033995
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 615
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Book Description
Distributed systems have become more fine-grained as organizations shift from code-heavy monolithic applications to smaller, self-contained microservices. But developing these systems brings its own set of problems. With lots of examples and practical advice, this expanded second edition takes a holistic view of the topics system architects and administrators must consider when building, managing, and evolving microservices architectures. Author Sam Newman provides you with a firm grounding in the concepts while diving into the latest solutions for modeling, integrating, testing, deploying, and monitoring your own autonomous services. Through real-world examples, you'll learn how organizations worldwide are getting the most out of these architectures. Microservices technologies are moving quickly. This book brings you up to speed. Get new information on user interfaces, container orchestration, and serverless Use microservices to align system design with your organization's goals Explore options for integrating a service with the rest of your system Take an incremental approach when splitting monolithic codebases Deploy individual microservices through continuous integration Examine the complexities of testing and monitoring distributed services Manage security with expanded content around user-to-service and service-to-service models Understand the challenges of scaling microservices architectures.
Author: Jason E. Taylor
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022660330X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 215
Get Book Here
Book Description
The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) was enacted by Congress in June of 1933 to assist the nation’s recovery during the Great Depression. Its passage ushered in a unique experiment in US economic history: under the NIRA, the federal government explicitly supported, and in some cases enforced, alliances within industries. Antitrust laws were suspended, and companies were required to agree upon industry-level “codes of fair competition” that regulated wages and hours and could implement anti-competitive provisions such as those fixing prices, establishing production quotas, and imposing restrictions on new productive capacity. The NIRA is generally viewed as a monolithic program, its dramatic and sweeping effects best measurable through a macroeconomic lens. In this pioneering book, however, Jason E. Taylor examines the act instead using microeconomic tools, probing the uneven implementation of the act’s codes and the radical heterogeneity of its impact across industries and time. Deconstructing the Monolith employs a mixture of archival and empirical research to enrich our understanding of how the program affected the behavior and well-being of workers and firms during the two years NIRA existed as well as in the period immediately following its demise.
Author: Sarah Wells
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN: 1098130839
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 451
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Book Description
Microservices can be a very effective approach for delivering value to your organization and to your customers. If you get them right, microservices help you to move fast by making changes to small parts of your system hundreds of times a day. But if you get them wrong, microservices will just make everything more complicated. In this book, technical engineering leader Sarah Wells provides practical, in-depth advice for moving to microservices. Having built her first microservice architecture in 2013 for the Financial Times, Sarah discusses the approaches you need to take from the start and explains the potential problems most likely to trip you up. You'll also learn how to maintain the architecture as your systems mature while minimizing the time you spend on support and maintenance. With this book, you will: Learn the impact of microservices on software development patterns and practices Identify the organizational changes you need to make to successfully build and operate this architecture Determine the steps you must take before you move to microservices Understand the traps to avoid when you create a microservices architecture—and learn how to recover if you fall into one
Author: Sam Newman
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN: 1492047791
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
How do you detangle a monolithic system and migrate it to a microservice architecture? How do you do it while maintaining business-as-usual? As a companion to Sam Newman’s extremely popular Building Microservices, this new book details a proven method for transitioning an existing monolithic system to a microservice architecture. With many illustrative examples, insightful migration patterns, and a bevy of practical advice to transition your monolith enterprise into a microservice operation, this practical guide covers multiple scenarios and strategies for a successful migration, from initial planning all the way through application and database decomposition. You’ll learn several tried and tested patterns and techniques that you can use as you migrate your existing architecture. Ideal for organizations looking to transition to microservices, rather than rebuild Helps companies determine whether to migrate, when to migrate, and where to begin Addresses communication, integration, and the migration of legacy systems Discusses multiple migration patterns and where they apply Provides database migration examples, along with synchronization strategies Explores application decomposition, including several architectural refactoring patterns Delves into details of database decomposition, including the impact of breaking referential and transactional integrity, new failure modes, and more
Author: Farley Grubb
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226826031
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
"An essential new history of America's monetary origins. The Second Continental Congress faced multiple daunting challenges when it was convened in summer 1775. First the assembly had to create a de facto government for the loosely joined colonies that would become the United States. It then had to strategize a war effort for what would become the American Revolution. And it also had to figure out how to pay for all of it-without the benefit of any real legal authority to do so. The Continental Dollar is a sweeping, revelatory new history of how the fledgling United States paid for its first war. Economist Farley Grubb upends the folk telling of this story, in which the US printed cross-colony money, called Continentals, to serve as an early fiat currency-a currency that is not tied to a commodity like gold, but rather to the viability and legal authority of the issuer. As Grubb outlines in rigorous terms, the Continental was not a fiat currency, but a "zero-coupon bond"-a wholly different species of currency that is both value-anchored (one Continental was a promise to pay the holder one milled Spanish silver dollar after a defined future time) and subject to discounting by the issuer if that issuer needs fast capital. Through this lens, and as confirmed by Grubb's exhaustive mining of 18th-century colonial monetary records, the appearance of Continental-dollar depreciation was, in fact, capricious discounting: the US was playing easy money in the face of an expensive war. Drawing on decades of research and careful mining of historical evidence, The Continental Dollar is an essential and authoritative origin story of the early American monetary system. It is certain to serve as the benchmark for critical work in this space for decades to come"--
Author: Stephan Hagemann
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN: 0134775260
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 557
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Book Description
Use Components to Improve Maintainability, Reduce Complexity, and Accelerate Testing in Large Rails Applications “This book gives Ruby pros a comprehensive guide for increasing the sophistication of their designs, without having to forsake the principles of elegance that keep them in our corner of the software world.” —Obie Fernandez, author, The RailsTM 5 Way, Fourth Edition As Rails applications grow, even experienced developers find it difficult to navigate code bases, implement new features, and keep tests fast. Components are the solution, and Component-Based Rails Applications shows how to make the most of them. Writing for programmers and software team leads who are comfortable with Ruby and Rails, Stephan Hagemann introduces a practical, start-to-finish methodology for modernizing and restructuring existing Rails applications. One step at a time, Hagemann demonstrates how to revamp Rails applications to exhibit visible, provably independent, and explicitly connected parts—thereby simplifying them and making them far easier for teams to manage, change, and test. Throughout, he introduces design concepts and techniques you can use to improve applications of many kinds, even if they weren’t built with Rails or Ruby. Learn how components clarify intent, improve collaboration, and simplify innovation and maintenance Create a full Rails application within a component, from first steps to migrations and dependency management Test component-based applications, manage assets and dependencies, and deploy your application to production Identify the seams in an existing Rails application, and refactor it to extract components Master a scripted, repeatable approach for refactoring Rails applications of any size Use component-based Rails with two popular structural patterns: hexagonal and DCI architecture Leverage your new component skills with other frameworks and languages Overcome the unique challenges that arise as you componentize Rails applications If you’re ready to simplify and revitalize your complex Rails systems, you’re ready for Component-Based Rails Applications. Register your book for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available. See inside book for details.
Author: Dror Goldberg
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226825108
Category : Legal tender
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
Introductions. Money and its inventions: theoretical considerations ; England in the late sixteenth century ; English developments, 1584-1692 -- The Atlantic. Before 1630: harvesters of money ; The Puritan exodus, 1629-1640: general features ; Massachusetts takes the monetary lead, 1630-1640 ; A new hope, 1640-1660 ; The empire strikes back, 1660-1686 ; Governments and paper money projects, 1685-1689 ; The Massachusetts legislator: the case of Elisha Hutchinson ; The return of the general court, 1689-1690 -- A monetary revolution. The legal tender law, 1690 ; Aftermath, 1691-1692 ; Back to England's financial revolution, 1692-1700 ; Analysis ; Conclusion.
Author: Richard N. Langlois
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 069124698X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 816
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Book Description
"Over the course of most of the twentieth century, new technologies drove increasing diversification and specialization within the economy. Du Pont, for example, which invented nylon during the Depression, managed the complexity of widespread diversification by pioneering the decentralized multidivisional organizational structure, which was almost universally adopted in large American firms after World War II. Whereas in the nineteenth century there had been just a handful of employees at their Wilmington headquarters, by 1972 there were perhaps 10,000 managers inhabiting a vast complex at the same location. The conventional wisdom is that this huge trend withdrew large swaths of the American economy from the realm of the free market and entrusted them to a new class of professional managers who had at their disposal increasingly powerful scientific methods of accounting and forecasting. It was the superior ministrations of these managers, apparently, not relative prices, that equilibrated supply and demand and made sure that goods flowed smoothly from raw materials to the final consumer. Economic historian Richard Langlois argues that it wasn't so simple. The Corporation and the Twentieth Century is an accessible account of American business enterprise and administrative planning, looking at both the rise and demise of managerial coordination, and the history of antitrust policy in this context. Offering an authoritative counterpoint to Alfred Chandler's classic The Visible Hand, Langlois shows how historic events in the twentieth century came together to drastically change the organization of American businesses. Contrary to the beliefs of some business historians, he maintains that large managerial corporations arose not because of their superiority, but as a result of systematic technological changes and larger historic forces, and that post-war events such as the Vietnam War and the fall of Bretton Woods culminated in the resurgence of market coordination, in the institutional innovations of deregulation, and in the creation of decentralized new technology. Controversially, Langlois argues that those antitrust policies viewed as successes in the past are in fact failures, and holds that there was never a period during which antitrust kept size, concentration or monopoly at bay"--
Author: Bernd Ruecker
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN: 1492061425
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
In todayâ??s IT architectures, microservices and serverless functions play increasingly important roles in process automation. But how do you create meaningful, comprehensive, and connected business solutions when the individual components are decoupled and independent by design? Targeted at developers and architects, this book presents a framework through examples, practical advice, and use cases to help you design and automate complex processes. As systems are more distributed, asynchronous, and reactive, process automation requires state handling to deal with long-running interactions. Author Bernd Ruecker demonstrates how to leverage process automation technology like workflow engines to orchestrate software, humans, decisions, or bots. Learn how modern process automation compares to business process management, service-oriented architecture, batch processing, event streaming, and data pipeline solutions Understand how to use workflow engines and executable process models with BPMN Understand the difference between orchestration and choreography and how to balance both
