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Author: Antonio Estache
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821333358
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
World Bank Discussion Paper No. 286. This report was commissioned as part of a project on the effectiveness of credit policies in East Asian countries. In the Republic of Korea, the government has played a pervasive role in promoting industrialization and economic development. The report documents the use of directed credit programs and highlights what made government intervention effective: its close consultation with industry, the existence of a competitive business environment, and a strong monitoring and evaluation system. The report notes the risk-sharing arrangements developed by Korean policymakers and the flexible adaptation of directed credit programs to the changing needs of the Korean economy. The authors also emphasize the long-term costs of reliance on directed credit programs and the measures taken in recent years to redirect the programs' objectives and redress the imbalances that have arisen along Korea's path to economic development.
Author: Antonio Estache
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821333358
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
World Bank Discussion Paper No. 286. This report was commissioned as part of a project on the effectiveness of credit policies in East Asian countries. In the Republic of Korea, the government has played a pervasive role in promoting industrialization and economic development. The report documents the use of directed credit programs and highlights what made government intervention effective: its close consultation with industry, the existence of a competitive business environment, and a strong monitoring and evaluation system. The report notes the risk-sharing arrangements developed by Korean policymakers and the flexible adaptation of directed credit programs to the changing needs of the Korean economy. The authors also emphasize the long-term costs of reliance on directed credit programs and the measures taken in recent years to redirect the programs' objectives and redress the imbalances that have arisen along Korea's path to economic development.
Author: Jonas Frank
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317438582
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 497
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Book Description
The subnational dimension of infrastructure has emerged as one of the greatest challenges in contemporary public finance policy and management. Ensuring the efficient provision of infrastructure represents a challenge for all countries irrespective of their level of centralization or decentralization. This book proposes an innovative approach for the strengthening of decentralized public investment and infrastructure management. Decentralization and Infrastructure in the Global Economy: From Gaps to Solutions covers the most important aspects of infrastructure investment in a decentralized setting. It discusses infrastructure gaps and the quality of subnational spending; how functional responsibilities, financing and equalization can be designed; sector-specific arrangements in high expenditure areas, such as health, education and roads; key steps of the public investment cycle and management; and analyses the political economy and corruption challenges that typically accompany decentralized infrastructure projects. This book challenges some of the well-accepted principles of intergovernmental fiscal relations and will be useful to researchers and practitioners of public finance policy and management.
Author: Antonio Estache
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
May 1995 Decentralization tends to increase both total and subnational spending on public infrastructure. Why this is so is not clear -- possibly because subnational governments' choices in terms of quality and quantity of infrastructure differ from central governments' choices. It is commonly argued that when the benefits of an infrastructure service are mostly local and there is little scope for economies of scale -- as in urban transit, road maintenance, water supply, and solid waste management -- decentralization is the most effective way to deliver service. Those services have been decentralized in many countries, and many others are rapidly decentralizing. The central government is still responsible for many other infrastructure services, such as power and telecommunications, but this too is changing as the responsibility is increasingly transferred to subnational governments. Recent technological innovations reduce the need for services to be provided by monopolistic utilities. Power generation and distribution can now be handled competitively by decentralized units, and parts of some local telephone monopolies will increasingly meet competition from wireless telephones and rival wireline systems. How has increased decentralization affected spending levels on infrastructure? The outcome reflects the net outcome of opposing effects. Spending increases if the subnational government makes infrastructure a higher priority than the federal government did, if they are less effective at delivering services, or if they give up the benefits of economies of scale to get more autonomy. Spending decreases if they assign infrastructure a lower priority, or if most projects are more cost-effective. In their analysis, Estache and Sinha focus on spending levels and ignore the reasons these levels change, so no conclusions can be made about whether decentralization makes spending more or less efficient. Among the conclusions they offer: * Decentralization tends to increase both total and subnational spending on infrastructure -- possibly because the preferences of subnational governments in terms of quality and quantity of infrastructure are different from the central government's preferences. * The conventional wisdom is true: For decentralization, policymakers everywhere must guarantee a balance between revenue and spending assignment. A good way to offset the impact of decentralization on spending levels is to increase the imbalance between revenue and spending assignments. * Be careful about applying lessons learned in industrial countries to decentralization in developing countries. What happens in industrial countries may help assess the decentralization's impact on total spending in developing countries, because the elasticity of per capita infrastructure spending is roughly similar in both countries (about 0.3 in developing countries and about 0.2 in industrial countries). But that is not a good indicator for subnational spending, for which the elasticity is greater than 1 in developing countries (between 1.1 and 1.3, depending on how decentralization is measured) and less than 1 in industrial countries (between 0.7 and 0.9). This paper -- a product of the Office of the Vice President, Development Economics -- is a background paper for World Development Report 1994 on infrastructure.
Author: Antonio Estache
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Author: Shyamnal Chowdhury, Futoshi Yamauchi, Reno Dewina
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Author: Patricia Clarke Annez
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821375253
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
The world?s urban population doubled between 1970 and 2008, growing from 1.5 billion to 3 billion people. Future world population growth will be concentrated in developing countries?the majority in medium-size and smaller cities and towns. International institutions and governments alike face the challenge of efficiently financing the massive investment in infrastructure required to support this urban growth. The Urban Infrastructure Fund (UIF) is a tool designed to meet this need. Responsibility for subproject oversight, credit assessment, financial management reform, and other critical tasks.
Author: Patricia Clarke Annez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: G. Shabbir Cheema
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 0815713908
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
The trend toward greater decentralization of governance activities, now accepted as commonplace in the West, has become a worldwide movement. This international development—largely a product of globalization and democratization—is clearly one of the key factors reshaping economic, political, and social conditions throughout the world. Rather than the top-down, centralized decisionmaking that characterized communist economies and Third World dictatorships in the twentieth century, today's world demands flexibility, adaptability, and the autonomy to bring those qualities to bear. In this thought-provoking book, the first in a new series on Innovations in Governance, experts in government and public management trace the evolution and performance of decentralization concepts, from the transfer of authority within government to the sharing of power, authority, and responsibilities among broader governance institutions. This movement is not limited to national government—it also affects subnational governments, NGOs, private corporations, and even civil associations. The contributors assess the emerging concepts of decentralization (e.g., devolution, empowerment, capacity building, and democratic governance). They detail the factors driving the movement, including political changes such as the fall of the Iron Curtain and the ascendance of democracy; economic factors such as globalization and outsourcing; and technological advances (e.g. increased information technology and electronic commerce). Their analysis covers many different contexts and regions. For example, William Ascher of Claremont McKenna College chronicles how decentralization concepts are playing out in natural resources policy, while Kadmeil Wekwete (United Nations) outlines the specific challenges to decentralizing governance in sub-Saharan Africa. In each case, contributors explore the objectives of a decentralizing strategy as well as the benefits and difficulties that will likely result.
Author: Craig Calcaterra
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110674033
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Entrepreneurs as well as seasoned business leaders are struggling to innovate and stay ahead of change in the age of decentralization. What separates the companies that get disrupted from the ones that thrive when faced with decentralization? What tactics can be deployed to decentralize large monolithic organizations? Drawing on their experience as researchers and tech entrepreneurs, Professors Calcaterra and Kaal show how to Learn to embrace the change that comes with decentralization Evolve technology, communication, and culture as the business encounters decentralization Use best practices to maintain profitability in the emerging environments of decentralization across industries Combine responsibility with velocity to leverage the advantages of decentralization for the common good The book examines the core infrastructure elements that are needed before the first genuinely decentralized transaction can happen including a legal environment, underwriting, a truly decentralized blockchain that can overcome the blockchain trilemma (decentralization, scaling, security), and efficient governance of blockchains. Decentralization is essential reading for businesses seeking to win in an increasingly decentralized world where adaptation speed is the competitive advantage that matters most.
Author: Paul J. Smoke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Decentralization in government
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
