Author: Kai Leung Lau
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Employment (Economic theory).
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Author: Anthony Papac
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This dissertation consists of two essays on job search and job choice. In Chapter 1, I examine how on-the-job search (OJS) effort of employed workers varies over the business cycle. First, I document new evidence that aggregate OJS effort rises during a recession, as more workers start searching on-the-job and average search intensity increases when unemployment rises. Next, I account for compositional changes in the pool of employed workers and job seekers over the business cycle and find that workers change their search behavior in response to changing economic conditions. In particular, workers are more likely to search due to fear of job loss and search for an additional job when unemployment is higher. In addition, I find that job seekers increase their search intensity when unemployment rises during a recession. In Chapter 2, I estimate the value that workers place on non-wage job characteristics and assess their impact on compensation inequality in Germany. First, I evaluate the incidence of four key job attributes and find large disparities in the prevalence of job attributes by gender, education, and age. Next, I analyze an experiment given as part of a national survey in Germany to estimate the value that workers place on eight non-wage job attributes. In particular, I find that workers are willing to pay 31% of their wage to have a permanent employment contract, 13% of their wage for good promotion opportunities, 10% of their wage for schedule flexibility, and 8% of their wage to avoid overtime work requirements. Finally, I find that accounting for the incidence and valuation of non-wage job characteristics widens compensation inequality in Germany.

Author: Jeremy Schwartz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009
Languages : en
Pages : 39

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During the Great Recession of 2007, unemployment reached nearly 10 percent and the ratio of unemployment to open positions (as measured by the Help Wanted OnLine Index) more than tripled. The weak labor market prompted an unprecedented extension in the length of time in which a claimant can collect unemployment insurance (UI) to 99 weeks, at an expense to date of $226.4 billion. While many claim that extending UI during a recession will reduce search intensity, the effect of weak labor market conditions on search remains a mystery. As a result, policymakers are in the dark as to whether UI extensions reduce already low search effort during recessions or perhaps decrease excessive search, which causes congestion in the labor market. At the same time, modelers of the labor market have little empirical justification for their assumptions on how search intensity changes over the business cycle. This paper develops a search model where the impact of macro labor market conditions on a worker's search effort depends on whether these two factors are substitutes or complements in the job search process. Parameter estimates of the structural model using a sample of unemployment spells from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 indicate that macro labor market conditions and individual search effort are complements and move together over the business cycle. The estimation also reveals that more risk-averse and less wealthy individuals exhibit less search effort.

Author: Albert S. Glickman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461334640
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 220

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The Annual Scientist-Practitioner Conferences in Industrial Organizational Psychology were conceived by the Department of Psychology at Old Dominion University as a means to foster exchange of information, points of view, and insights among those who are engaged in research in the behavioral and social sciences, and those who, in various business, industrial, managerial, organizational, and educational roles, are actively engaged in work affording opportun ities to apply the findings and concepts generated by scientific study (many people do both). Our vested interest and our hope is that the stimulus provided by these exchanges will help us and our professional cohorts in psychology and other disciplines to advance the cutting edge of theory and application in problem areas of present and prospective importance. The first of these conferences took place in 1980, and had as its theme, "Performance Appraisal. " The papers here constitute the substantive contributions to the second conference which addressed issues pertinent to "The Changing Composition of the Workforce. " It should be noted that although industrial-organizational psychologists continue to claim parentage, this meeting can lay claim to an interdisciplinary lineage, validated by the presence on its panels and among the other invited participants of economists, labor officials, educators, personnel administrators, gerontolo gists, sociologists, business managers, and military officers, as well as others of unknown origins.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Macroeconomics
Languages : en
Pages : 1202

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Author: Michael U. Krause
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Pieter Gautier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Job hunting
Languages : en
Pages : 58

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Author: David Pothier
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498300987
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 50

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This paper highlights how changes in the composition of demand affect income dispersion in the short run. We first document how the share of aggregate spending dedicated to labour-intensive goods and services shrinks (expands) during downturns (booms), and argue that this contributes to the observed pro-cyclicality of employment and output in labour-intensive industries. Using a two-sector general equilibrium model, we then assess how this demand composition channel influences the cyclical properties of the income distribution. Consistent with empirical evidence, we find income inequality to be countercyclical due to changes in the level of employment and (to a lesser extent) relative factor prices. The model also shows that wealth redistribution policies can potentially involve a trade-off between equality and output, depending on how they affect the composition of aggregate demand.

Author: Ronald Bachmann
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Using administrative data on individual workers' employment history and firms, we investigate the cyclicality of worker flows on the German labour market. Focusing on heterogeneities on both sides of the labour market, we find that small firms hire much more workers from unemployment than large firms, and that they do so at the very beginning of an economic expansion. Later on in the expansion, overall hirings more frequently result from direct job-to-job transitions to larger firms. Transitions from unemployment to employment at large firms are generally found to be more (pro-)cyclical. However, this stylized fact disappears when the composition of the workforce is controlled for.

Author: Barbara Petrongolo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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