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Author: Andrew Weiss
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1538177390
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
For as long as there has been a press, fake news has played a role in the disruption of how factual information is shared among people. Misinformation goes back even further, spreading through the use of lies and rumors, spoken or written, for various political and social purposes. In this book, we will trace a brief history of fake news, examine its antecedents and precursors, before looking at the way it is currently employed using digital information technologies. The current consensus on what comprises fake news is somewhat contested; as such, a more detailed look at the phenomenon is in order. Not only does fake news include false news stories spread with the intent to deceive, its purpose can be instructive and parodic, providing the very tools needed to puncture misinformation bubbles. This book will examine in detail a comprehensive model for fake news that might be used to help predict and neutralize its negative effects, as well as examine the traits that contribute to a person’s susceptibility to falling for false stories, conspiracies, and other misinformation. In this regard, the book is unique in its approach to fake news, seeing it as situated within a matrix of behaviors, conditions, and contexts that must be accounted for before its effects can be completely neutralized. The context also explores the relationship of the creator and the user of fake news, speculating on the intertwined actions and motives of both. It is hypothesized that specific conditions exploited by ‘bad actors’ would contribute to the spread of fake news and that low levels or lack of certain identifiable characteristics in users (i.e. ability to scaffold, conduct parallel thinking, be aware of one’s ignorance, know one’s strengths and weaknesses) would also make it more likely to be consumed and shared. This book also examines the wider impacts of fake news on societies, especially in the areas of education, politics, and public policy. This book makes the case for developing strategies that rely not merely upon information literacy to help individuals deal with fake news, but also on wider national and international policies that specifically aid users of information and address human behavioral characteristics. As in information behavior research, the scale and scope of examining fake news requires both a local focus and a large-scale inquiry into societal and cultural norms
Author: Andrew Weiss
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1538177390
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 301
Get Book Here
Book Description
For as long as there has been a press, fake news has played a role in the disruption of how factual information is shared among people. Misinformation goes back even further, spreading through the use of lies and rumors, spoken or written, for various political and social purposes. In this book, we will trace a brief history of fake news, examine its antecedents and precursors, before looking at the way it is currently employed using digital information technologies. The current consensus on what comprises fake news is somewhat contested; as such, a more detailed look at the phenomenon is in order. Not only does fake news include false news stories spread with the intent to deceive, its purpose can be instructive and parodic, providing the very tools needed to puncture misinformation bubbles. This book will examine in detail a comprehensive model for fake news that might be used to help predict and neutralize its negative effects, as well as examine the traits that contribute to a person’s susceptibility to falling for false stories, conspiracies, and other misinformation. In this regard, the book is unique in its approach to fake news, seeing it as situated within a matrix of behaviors, conditions, and contexts that must be accounted for before its effects can be completely neutralized. The context also explores the relationship of the creator and the user of fake news, speculating on the intertwined actions and motives of both. It is hypothesized that specific conditions exploited by ‘bad actors’ would contribute to the spread of fake news and that low levels or lack of certain identifiable characteristics in users (i.e. ability to scaffold, conduct parallel thinking, be aware of one’s ignorance, know one’s strengths and weaknesses) would also make it more likely to be consumed and shared. This book also examines the wider impacts of fake news on societies, especially in the areas of education, politics, and public policy. This book makes the case for developing strategies that rely not merely upon information literacy to help individuals deal with fake news, but also on wider national and international policies that specifically aid users of information and address human behavioral characteristics. As in information behavior research, the scale and scope of examining fake news requires both a local focus and a large-scale inquiry into societal and cultural norms
Author: Jon Hood
Publisher: Jon Hood
ISBN: 1736115804
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Given the advancements in quantum mechanics that suggest the presence and provability of counterfactuals, how can the existence of this type of knowledge fit into a conservative, consistent theological framework? Dr. Jon Hood examines Calvinism, Molinism, and other frameworks in his research into what the Bible has to say about counterfactuals. The Bible is then examined for consistency with the idea of God having middle knowledge-definitive certainty behind the truth of these counterfactual events.
Author: Dorothee Birke
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110268663
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Counterfactuality is currently a hotly debated topic. While for some disciplines such as linguistics, cognitive science, or psychology counterfactual scenarios have been an important object of study for quite a while, counterfactual thinking has in recent years emerged as a method of study for other disciplines, most notably the social sciences. This volume provides an overview of the current definitions and uses of the concept of counterfactuality in philosophy, historiography, political sciences, psychology, linguistics, physics, and literary studies. The individual contributions not only engage the controversies that the deployment of counterfactual thinking as a method still generates, they also highlight the concept’s potential to promote interdisciplinary exchange without neglecting the limitations and pitfalls of such a project. Moreover, the essays from literary studies, which make up about half of the volume, provide both a historical and a systematic perspective on the manifold ways in which counterfactual scenarios can be incorporated into and deployed in literary texts.
Author: Theodore J. Gordon
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030184374
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
In this volume, the authors contribute to futures research by placing the counterfactual question in the future tense. They explore the possible outcomes of future, and consider how future decisions are turning points that may produce different global outcomes. This book focuses on a dozen or so intractable issues that span politics, religion, and technology, each addressed in individual chapters. Until now, most scenarios written by futurists have been built on cause and effect narratives or depended on numerical models derived from historical relationships. In contrast, many of the scenarios written for this book are point descriptions of future discontinuities, a form allows more thought-provoking presentations. Ultimately, this book demonstrates that counterfactual thinking and point scenarios of discontinuities are new, groundbreaking tools for futurists.
Author: E. Dekker
Publisher: Peeters Publishers
ISBN: 9789042908031
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
The theory of "Middle Knowledge" ascribes to God a particular type of knowledge - that he sees not simply what each free creature could do in any circumstance, but what it would do in any circumstance. This type of knowledge is claimed to be helpful to explain how God has perfect foreknowledge, while creatures are free. But is such a knowledge possible, even for God? The author argues that the arguments against it do not stand, and that therefore the theory of "Middle Knowledge" is tenable. The arguments against the coherence of "Middle Knowledge" are examined, of which the most important is that counterfactuals of freedom could not exist (chapter 2). Then the arguments against the adequacy of the theory of "Middle Knowledge" are examined, such as whether or not counterfactual power over the past is implied by the theory of "Middle Knowledge" (chapter 3). A separate chapter is devoted to 'background problems', such as the specific concept of freedom, the notion of God's concurrence, and our view on the nature of possible worlds (chapter 4).
Author: Robert Carlson
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110883058
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 789
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Book Description
The series builds an extensive collection of high quality descriptions of languages around the world. Each volume offers a comprehensive grammatical description of a single language together with fully analyzed sample texts and, if appropriate, a word list and other relevant information which is available on the language in question. There are no restrictions as to language family or area, and although special attention is paid to hitherto undescribed languages, new and valuable treatments of better known languages are also included. No theoretical model is imposed on the authors; the only criterion is a high standard of scientific quality. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1742
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. General Subcommittee on Education
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Discrimination in education
Languages : en
Pages : 1016
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Educational law and legislation
Languages : en
Pages : 1470
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. House. Educaiton and Labor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Discrimination in education
Languages : en
Pages : 1166
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Book Description
