Continuous Cover Forestry PDF Download
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Author: Timo Pukkala
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400722028
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Although the majority of the world’s forest ecosystems are dominated by uneven-sized multi-species stands, forest management practice and theory has focused on the development of plantation monocultures to maximize the supply of timber at low cost. Societal expectations are changing, however, and uneven-aged multi-species ecosystems, selectively managed as Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF), are often believed to be superior to monocultures in addressing a wide range of expectations. This book presents methods which are relevant to CCF management and planning: analysing forest structures, silvicultural and planning, economic evaluation, based on examples in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America.
Author: Timo Pukkala
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400722028
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 298
Get Book Here
Book Description
Although the majority of the world’s forest ecosystems are dominated by uneven-sized multi-species stands, forest management practice and theory has focused on the development of plantation monocultures to maximize the supply of timber at low cost. Societal expectations are changing, however, and uneven-aged multi-species ecosystems, selectively managed as Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF), are often believed to be superior to monocultures in addressing a wide range of expectations. This book presents methods which are relevant to CCF management and planning: analysing forest structures, silvicultural and planning, economic evaluation, based on examples in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America.
Author: Timo Pukkala
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789400722019
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Although the majority of the world’s forest ecosystems are dominated by uneven-sized multi-species stands, forest management practice and theory has focused on the development of plantation monocultures to maximize the supply of timber at low cost. Societal expectations are changing, however, and uneven-aged multi-species ecosystems, selectively managed as Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF), are often believed to be superior to monocultures in addressing a wide range of expectations. This book presents methods which are relevant to CCF management and planning: analysing forest structures, silvicultural and planning, economic evaluation, based on examples in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America.
Author: Felipe Bravo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402083432
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
Climate changes, particularly warming trends, have been recorded around the globe. For many countries, these changes in climate have become evident through insect epidemics (e.g., Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic in Western Canada, bark beetle in secondary spruce forests in Central Europe), water shortages and intense forest fires in the Mediterranean countries (e.g., 2005 droughts in Spain), and unusual storm activities (e.g., the 2004 South-East Asia Tsunami). Climate changes are expected to impact vegetation as manifested by changes in vegetation extent, migration of species, tree species composition, growth rates, and mortality. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has included discussions on how forests may be impacted, and how they may be used to mitigate the impacts of changes in climate, to possibly slow the rate of change. This book provides current scientific information on the biological and economical impacts of climate changes in forest environments, as well as information on how forest management activities might mitigate these impacts, particularly through carbon sequestration. Case studies from a wide geographic range are presented. This information is beneficial to managers and researchers interested in climate change and impacts upon forest environments and economic activities. This volume, which forms part of Springer’s book series Managing Forest Ecosystems, presents state-of-the-art research results, visions and theories, as well as specific methods for sustainable forest management in changing climatic conditions.
Author: Christer Bjorkman
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1780643780
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
Insects, being poikilothermic, are among the organisms that are most likely to respond to changes in climate, particularly increased temperatures. Range expansions into new areas, further north and to higher elevations, are already well documented, as are physiological and phenological responses. It is anticipated that the damage by insects will increase as a consequence of climate change, i.e. increasing temperatures primarily. However, the evidence in support of this common “belief” is sparse. Climate Change and Insect Pests sums up present knowledge regarding both agricultural and forest insect pests and climate change in order to identify future research directions.
Author: Michail Prodan
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483156559
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 461
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Book Description
Forest Biometrics presents the methods of mathematical statistics and biometrics that are significant to forestry. This book explores other fields related to forestry, which are explained with the help of a large number of practical examples. Organized into 25 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the variety of data that play a significant role in forest management, including the age of trees, the damage caused by storms, the fluctuation of timber prices, bark beetle infestation, and timber volume. This text then examines the factors that are responsible for a random distribution of the values in biological experimentation. Other chapters consider the important advantages of sample surveys compared to complete enumerations, include cheaper samples, wider applicability, quick results, and greater accuracy. The final chapter deals with the factors to be considered in determining the best time for harvesting of timber. This book is a valuable resource for students, research project leaders, and practical workers.
Author: Heinrich Spiecker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
Up to the end of the 19th century, many European forests suffered from devastation and soil deterioration, which caused fears of timber shortage. In order to counteract this possible shortage, many forest areas were reforested with coniferous tree species, especially Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst). Consequently, coniferous forests (often Norway spruce forests), consisting of trees of the same age, were established on many sites naturally dominated by broadleaves. As a result, damages caused by storm, snow, ice, drought, insects, fungi and possibly soil degradation seemed to occur more frequently in these secondary Norway spruce forests than in forests consisting of species better adapted to the ambient conditions. Conversion of Norway spruce stands may reduce these risks and upgrade biodiversity and the genetic potential of forests. As the economic results of forestry, future wood markets and various other goods and services that are provided to society by forest ecosystems, are affected by present and future decision-making, all aspects of conversion must be well understood. EFI's Regional Project Centre, CONFOREST, is continuously striving to improve implementation of conversion projects by consolidation of the expertise available in all forestry disciplines. This book comprises the findings in all conversion-related areas aiming to consider ecosystem needs while ensuring availability of silvicultural methods and operational feasibility of their implementation. Simultaneously, the cost-effectiveness of conversion scenarios is analysed by forestry economists. Since a change in public perception and ecological awareness may cause policy makers to either or not endorse further conversion efforts, input by experts in forestry politics is also provided.
Author: Lee-Ann Sutherland
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1780642199
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Based on the research of an interdisciplinary team of sociologists, geographers and economists, this book focuses on understanding farming transitions in Europe. The book discusses the importance of understanding transition pathways towards sustainability using case studies from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Portugal and the United Kingdom. Assessing the utility of the multi-level perspective in transition theory for addressing contemporary issues, the book identifies future research needs and possible approaches, making this an essential read for researchers interested in issues of rural and agricultural change.
Author: Kevin Laughlin O'Hara
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198703074
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Book Description
This book presents the latest scientific and management information on multiaged silviculture, an emerging strategy for managing forestry systems worldwide. Over recent decades, forest science and management have tended to emphasize plantation silviculture. Whilst this clearly meets our wood production needs, many of the world's forests need to be managed far less intensively and more flexibly in order to maintain their natural ecosystem functions together with the values inherent in those processes. Developing multiaged management strategies for these complex forest ecosystems represents a global challenge to successfully integrate available science with sustainable management practices. Multiaged Silviculture covers the ecology and dynamics of multiaged stands, the management operations associated with regeneration, tending, and stocking control, and the implications of this strategy on production, genetic diversity, and stand health. It is primarily aimed at graduate level students and researchers in the fields of forestry and silviculture, but will also be of relevance and use to all professional foresters and silviculturists.
Author: Annika Kangas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402043813
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
This book has been developed as a forest inventory textbook for students and could also serve as a handbook for practical foresters. We have set out to keep the mathematics in the book at a fairly non-technical level, and therefore, although we deal with many issues that include highly sophisticated methodology, we try to present first and foremost the ideas behind them. For foresters who need more details, references are given to more advanced scientific papers and books in the fields of statistics and biometrics. Forest inventory books deal mostly with sampling and measurement issues, as found here in section I, but since forest inventories in many countries involve much more than this, we have also included material on forestry applications. Most applications nowadays involve remote sensing technology of some sort, so that section II deals mostly with the use of remote sensing material for this purpose. Section III deals with national inventories carried out in different parts of world, and section IV is an attempt to outline some future possibilities of forest inventory methodologies. The editors, Annika Kangas Professor of Forest Mensuration and Management, Department of Forest Resource Management, University of Helsinki. Matti Maltamo Professor of Forest Mensuration, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Author: A.J. Raj
Publisher: Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 9386237741
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 839
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Book Description
This textbook is written for undergraduates & postgraduates, university & college teachers, scientists and professional foresters. It offers a real-life introduction to the field of forestry and an interdisciplinary overview of the theory behind it. This textbook covers forestry in great depth and the real strength of the book lies in its focus on the context and applications of the field. Thanks to its wide scope, it not only serves as a useful introduction to the field but can also be used to understand how many other key forestry topics have changed in recent years as a consequence of the technology advancement. This textbook will significantly help the students for preparation of UPSC-Civil Service Exam, UPSC-Indian Forest Service Exam, ICFRE & ICAR Scientists/NET Exam, University Entrance Exam for admission to M.Sc. and Ph.D. programmes.
