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Author: Milton Whitney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Milton Whitney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 24
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Milton Whitney
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9781333763589
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
Excerpt from Conditions in Soils of the Arid Region It is generally conceded that 20 inches of well-distributed rainfall in Kansas will make an abundant crop of wheat or corn. That there. Must be some rather anomalous condition here is shown by the fact that in much of the humid portion of the eastern United States there has never been so little as 20 inches of annual rainfall within the period of reliable records, and in years of most disastrous drought the rainfall has been greaterthan this. The fact that a crop can be made in Kansas and Nebraska with such a small annual rainfall is particularly striking when it is remembered that, owing to the drier conditions of the atmos phere, evaporation is very much greater there than in the East. There are localities in the West where the total annual rainfall does not exceed 6 or 8 inches. It does not seem possible that with this rainfall under ordinary circumstances crops could be produced by any system of agriculture, unless water were artificially supplied. How ever, it seems possible, outside of these exceptional cases, that with improved methods of cultivation the conditions actually existing can be so utilized as to secure reliable and satisfactory crops. Statistics show that in the humid portion of the United States, hav in g a mean annual rainfall of about 40 inches, 50 per cent ows ofi' into the streams and is of no direct benefit to agriculture. This excess of rainfall reaches the streams partly by owing over the surface of the ground and partly by slow percolation through the soil. Fifty per cent of the rainfall, or 20 inches per annum, evaporates directly from the surface of the soil or is transpired by plants. Practically, therefore, there are about 20 inches of rainfall at the disposal of agricultural plants, and the highest art of cultivation con sists in conserving this moisture, reducing that lost by evaporation from the surface soil to a minimum, and maintaining a sufficient amount at all times at the disposal of crops. There is one factor which has a very important bearing upon the con ditions in the humid as compared with those in the arid regions. In the humid region of the Eastern States the soil is continuously moist from the surface down to a depth at which it is completely saturated and from which water is constantly owing out into wells, streams, and rivers. The water descends through the soil both by virtue of its own Weight and by capillary force. According to capillary laws the water is pulled downward when the subsoil contains less water than the soil. Gravity and capillary force are both more effective in moving water through a moist subsoil than a dry one; hence there is danger in the East of the water being pulled down below the reach of plants in time of drought, while in the West, where the subsoil at the depth of a few feet is continuously dry, this could not happen. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."
Author: John Wesley Powell
Publisher: Franklin Classics Trade Press
ISBN: 9780343705398
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Martin Williams
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107016916
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 653
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Book Description
A synthesis of the environmental and climatic history of every major desert and desert margin, for researchers and advanced students.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080869734
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
Soils of arid regions
Author: Blaire Steven
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110419149
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Soils have been called the most complex microbial ecosystems on Earth. A single gram of soil can harbor millions of microbial cells and thousands of species. However, certain soil environments, such as those experiencing dramatic change exposing new initial soils or that are limited in precipitation, limit the number of species able to survive in these systems. In this respect, these environments offer unparalleled opportunities to uncover the factors that control the development and maintenance of complex microbial ecosystems. This book collects chapters that discuss the abiotic factors that structure arid and initial soil communities as well as the diversity and structure of the biological communities in these soils from viruses to plants.
Author: A. Monem Balba
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351434217
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Management of Problem Soils in Arid Ecosystems examines the challenges of managing soils in arid and semiarid regions. These soils contain low organic matter, are not leached, and accumulate lime, gypsum, and/or soluble salts, requiring special management and practices. This book discusses how to identify problems, reclaim the soils, and then use them efficiently and economically. Water management and desertification in these areas are also discussed. It contains extensive references as well as 40 tables and illustrations.
Author: A. Monem Balba
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780873718110
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Management of Problem Soils in Arid Ecosystems examines the challenges of managing soils in arid and semiarid regions. These soils contain low organic matter, are not leached, and accumulate lime, gypsum, and/or soluble salts, requiring special management and practices. This book discusses how to identify problems, reclaim the soils, and then use them efficiently and economically. Water management and desertification in these areas are also discussed. It contains extensive references as well as 40 tables and illustrations.
Author: Majeti Narasimha Var Prasad
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128180331
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 840
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Book Description
Climate Change and Soil Interactions examines soil system interactions and conservation strategies regarding the effects of climate change. It presents cutting-edge research in soil carbonization, soil biodiversity, and vegetation. As a resource for strategies in maintaining various interactions for eco-sustainability, topical chapters address microbial response and soil health in relation to climate change, as well as soil improvement practices. Understanding soil systems, including their various physical, chemical, and biological interactions, is imperative for regaining the vitality of soil system under changing climatic conditions. This book will address the impact of changing climatic conditions on various beneficial interactions operational in soil systems and recommend suitable strategies for maintaining such interactions. Climate Change and Soil Interactions enables agricultural, ecological, and environmental researchers to obtain up-to-date, state-of-the-art, and authoritative information regarding the impact of changing climatic conditions on various soil interactions and presents information vital to understanding the growing fields of biodiversity, sustainability, and climate change. - Addresses several sustainable development goals proposed by the UN as part of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development - Presents a wide variety of relevant information in a unique style corroborated with factual cases, colour images, and case studies from across the globe - Recommends suitable strategies for maintaining soil system interactions under changing climatic conditions
Author: Robert Maliva
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364229104X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1068
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Book Description
A large part of the global population lives in arid lands which have low rainfall and often lack the water required for sustainable population and economic growth. This book presents a comprehensive description of the hydrogeology and hydrologic processes at work in arid lands. It describes the techniques that can be used to assess and manage the water resources of these areas with an emphasis on groundwater resources, including recent advances in hydrologic evaluation and the differences between how aquifer systems behave in arid lands versus more humid areas. Water management techniques are described and summarized to show how a more comprehensive approach to water management is required in these areas, including the need to be aware of cultural sensitivities and conditions unique to many arid regions. The integration of existing resources with the addition of new water sources, such as desalination of brackish water and seawater, along with reusing treated wastewater, will be required to meet future water supply needs. Also, changing climatic conditions will force water management systems to be more robust so that future water supply demands can be met as droughts become more intense and rainfall events become more intense. A range of water management techniques are described and discussed in order to illustrate the methods for integrating these measures within the context of arid lands conditions.
