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Author: Stefan Wrobel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475723172
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
A fundamental assumption of work in artificial intelligence and machine learning is that knowledge is expressed in a computer with the help of knowledge representations. Since the proper choice of such representations is a difficult task that fundamentally affects the capabilities of a system, the problem of automatic representation change is an important topic in current research. Concept Formation and Knowledge Revision focuses on representation change as a concept formation task, regarding concepts as the elementary representational vocabulary from which further statements are constructed. Taking an interdisciplinary approach from psychological foundations to computer implementations, the book draws on existing psychological results about the nature of human concepts and concept formation to determine the scope of concept formation phenomena, and to identify potential components of computational concept formation models. The central idea of this work is that computational concept formation can usefully be understood as a process that is triggered in a demand-driven fashion by the representational needs of the learning system, and identify the knowledge revision activities of a system as a particular context for such a process. The book presents a detailed analysis of the revision problem for first-order clausal theories, and develops a set of postulates that any such operation should satisfy. It shows how a minimum theory revision operator can be realized by using exception sets, and that this operator is indeed maximally general. The book then shows that concept formation can be triggered from within the knowledge revision process whenever the existing representation does not permit the plausible reformulation of an exception set, demonstrating the usefulness of the approach both theoretically and empirically within the learning knowledge acquisition system MOBAL. In using a first-order representation, this book is part of the rapidly developing field of Inductive Logic Programming (ILP). By integrating the computational issues with psychological and fundamental discussions of concept formation phenomena, the book will be of interest to readers both theoretically and psychologically inclined. From the foreword by Katharina Morik: ` The ideal to combine the three sources of artificial intelligence research has almost never been reached. Such a combined and integrated research requires the researcher to master different ways of thinking, different work styles, different sets of literature, and different research procedures. It requires capabilities in software engineering for the application part, in theoretical computer science for the theory part, and in psychology for the cognitive part. The most important capability for artificial intelligence is to keep the integrative view and to create a true original work that goes beyond the collection of pieces from different fields. This book achieves such an integrative view of concept formation and knowledge revision by presenting the way from psychological investigations that indicate that concepts are theories and point at the important role of a demand for learning. to an implemented system which supports users in their tasks when working with a knowledge base and its theoretical foundation. '
Author: Stefan Wrobel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475723172
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 250
Get Book Here
Book Description
A fundamental assumption of work in artificial intelligence and machine learning is that knowledge is expressed in a computer with the help of knowledge representations. Since the proper choice of such representations is a difficult task that fundamentally affects the capabilities of a system, the problem of automatic representation change is an important topic in current research. Concept Formation and Knowledge Revision focuses on representation change as a concept formation task, regarding concepts as the elementary representational vocabulary from which further statements are constructed. Taking an interdisciplinary approach from psychological foundations to computer implementations, the book draws on existing psychological results about the nature of human concepts and concept formation to determine the scope of concept formation phenomena, and to identify potential components of computational concept formation models. The central idea of this work is that computational concept formation can usefully be understood as a process that is triggered in a demand-driven fashion by the representational needs of the learning system, and identify the knowledge revision activities of a system as a particular context for such a process. The book presents a detailed analysis of the revision problem for first-order clausal theories, and develops a set of postulates that any such operation should satisfy. It shows how a minimum theory revision operator can be realized by using exception sets, and that this operator is indeed maximally general. The book then shows that concept formation can be triggered from within the knowledge revision process whenever the existing representation does not permit the plausible reformulation of an exception set, demonstrating the usefulness of the approach both theoretically and empirically within the learning knowledge acquisition system MOBAL. In using a first-order representation, this book is part of the rapidly developing field of Inductive Logic Programming (ILP). By integrating the computational issues with psychological and fundamental discussions of concept formation phenomena, the book will be of interest to readers both theoretically and psychologically inclined. From the foreword by Katharina Morik: ` The ideal to combine the three sources of artificial intelligence research has almost never been reached. Such a combined and integrated research requires the researcher to master different ways of thinking, different work styles, different sets of literature, and different research procedures. It requires capabilities in software engineering for the application part, in theoretical computer science for the theory part, and in psychology for the cognitive part. The most important capability for artificial intelligence is to keep the integrative view and to create a true original work that goes beyond the collection of pieces from different fields. This book achieves such an integrative view of concept formation and knowledge revision by presenting the way from psychological investigations that indicate that concepts are theories and point at the important role of a demand for learning. to an implemented system which supports users in their tasks when working with a knowledge base and its theoretical foundation. '
Author: Eiji Kawaguchi
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 9781586030414
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
This is the tenth volume in a series on information modelling and knowledge bases. The topics of the articles cover a wide variety of themes in the domain of information modelling, design and specification of information systems and knowledge bases, ranging from foundations and theories to systems construction and application studies. The contributions in this volume represent the following major themes: models in intelligent activity; concept modelling and conceptual modelling; conceptual modelling and information requirements specification; collections of concepts, knowledge base design, and database design; human-computer interaction and modelling; software engineering and modelling; and applications.
Author: Cornelius T. Leondes
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080535283
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1554
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Book Description
The design of knowledge systems is finding myriad applications from corporate databases to general decision support in areas as diverse as engineering, manufacturing and other industrial processes, medicine, business, and economics. In engineering, for example, knowledge bases can be utilized for reliable electric power system operation. In medicine they support complex diagnoses, while in business they inform the process of strategic planning. Programmed securities trading and the defeat of chess champion Kasparov by IBM's Big Blue are two familiar examples of dedicated knowledge bases in combination with an expert system for decision-making.With volumes covering "Implementation," "Optimization," "Computer Techniques," and "Systems and Applications," this comprehensive set constitutes a unique reference source for students, practitioners, and researchers in computer science, engineering, and the broad range of applications areas for knowledge-based systems.
Author: Frank E. Ritter
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190292474
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Order affects the results you get: Different orders of presenting material can lead to qualitatively and quantitatively different learning outcomes. These differences occur in both natural and artificial learning systems. In Order to Learn shows how order effects are crucial in human learning, instructional design, machine learning, and both symbolic and connectionist cognitive models. Each chapter explains a different aspect of how the order in which material is presented can strongly influence what is learned by humans and theoretical models of learning in a variety of domains. In addition to data, models are provided that predict and describe order effects and analyze how and when they will occur. The introductory and concluding chapters compile suggestions for improving learning through better sequences of learning materials, including how to take advantage of order effects that encourage learning and how to avoid order effects that discourage learning. Each chapter also highlights questions that may inspire further research. Taken together, these chapters show how order effects in different areas can and do inform each other. In Order to Learn will be of interest to researchers and students in cognitive science, education, machine learning.
Author: Pavel Brazdil
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540732624
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
Metalearning is the study of principled methods that exploit metaknowledge to obtain efficient models and solutions by adapting machine learning and data mining processes. While the variety of machine learning and data mining techniques now available can, in principle, provide good model solutions, a methodology is still needed to guide the search for the most appropriate model in an efficient way. Metalearning provides one such methodology that allows systems to become more effective through experience. This book discusses several approaches to obtaining knowledge concerning the performance of machine learning and data mining algorithms. It shows how this knowledge can be reused to select, combine, compose and adapt both algorithms and models to yield faster, more effective solutions to data mining problems. It can thus help developers improve their algorithms and also develop learning systems that can improve themselves. The book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in the areas of machine learning, data mining and artificial intelligence.
Author: Associazione italiana per l'intelligenza artificiale. Congress
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354020119X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 567
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Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, AI*IA 2003, held in Pisa, Italy in September 2003. The 44 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 91 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge representation and reasoning, soft computing, machine learning, data mining, intelligent agents, planning, robotics, natural language processing, and applications in various fields.
Author: Ryszard S. Michalski
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN: 9781558602519
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 798
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Book Description
Multistrategy learning is one of the newest and most promising research directions in the development of machine learning systems. The objectives of research in this area are to study trade-offs between different learning strategies and to develop learning systems that employ multiple types of inference or computational paradigms in a learning process. Multistrategy systems offer significant advantages over monostrategy systems. They are more flexible in the type of input they can learn from and the type of knowledge they can acquire. As a consequence, multistrategy systems have the potential to be applicable to a wide range of practical problems. This volume is the first book in this fast growing field. It contains a selection of contributions by leading researchers specializing in this area. See below for earlier volumes in the series.
Author: Charles H. Christiansen
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040136524
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 965
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Book Description
Occupational Therapy: Performance, Participation, and Well-Being, Fourth Edition, is a comprehensive occupational therapy text that introduces students to core knowledge in the profession and the foundations of practice—the occupations, person factors, and environment factors that support performance, participation, and well-being. Editors, Drs. Charles H. Christiansen, Carolyn M. Baum, and Julie D. Bass, are joined by more than 40 international scholars who bring students, faculty, and practitioners the evidence that supports occupational therapy practice. The PEOP Model 4th Edition is featured as an exemplar of a person-environment-occupation model and provides a valuable roadmap for understanding key concepts and developing strong clinical reasoning skills in the occupational therapy process. Features: Examines the theories, models, frameworks, and classifications that support contemporary knowledge of person, environment, and occupational factors. Presents detailed chapters on the occupations of children and youth, adults, older adults, organizations, and populations Provides extensive coverage of the person factors (psychological, cognition, sensory, motor, physiological, spirituality) and environment factors (culture, social, physical, policy, technology) that support occupational performance Includes exceptional content on the essentials of professional practice - therapeutic use of self, evidence-based practice, professionalism, lifelong development, ethics, business fundamentals, and critical concepts Builds clear links with the AOTA’s Occupational Therapy Practice Framework, Third Edition; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and accreditation standards for entry-level occupational therapy programs. Introduces emerging practice areas of self-management, community-based practice, technology, and teaching/learning and opportunities to work with organizations and populations Incorporates international and global perspectives on core knowledge and occupational therapy practice. Documents assessments, interventions, resources, and evidence in user-friendly tables Uses simple and complex cases to illustrate key concepts and ideas. New and Updated Sections in the Fourth Edition: Individual chapters on each person factor and environmental factor and occupations across the lifespan Expanded coverage of approaches for organizations and populations and entry-level professional skills Consistent framework of tables and language across chapters and sections. Included with the text are online supplemental materials for faculty use in the classroom including PowerPoint presentations.
Author: Nada Lavrač
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540635147
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
This book constitutes the strictly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Inductive Logic Programming, ILP-96, held in Stockholm, Sweden, in August 1996. The 21 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book in revised version. Also included is the invited contribution "Inductive logic programming for natural language processing" by Raymond J. Mooney. Among the topics covered are natural language learning, drug design, NMR and ECG analysis, glaucoma diagnosis, efficiency measures for implementations and database interaction, program synthesis, proof encoding and learning in the absence of negative data, and least generalizations under implication ordering.
Author: Michael J. Wooldridge
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540588559
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1144
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Book Description
This volume coherently present 24 thoroughly revised full papers accepted for the ECAI-94 Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages. There is currently considerable interest, from both the AI and the mainstream CS communities, in conceptualizing and building complex computer systems as collections of intelligent agents. This book is devoted to theoretical and practical aspects of architectural and language-related design and implementation issues of software agents. Particularly interesting is the comprehensive survey by the volume editors, which outlines the key issues and indicates, via a comprehensive bibliography, topics for further reading. In addition, a glossary of key terms in this emerging field and a comprehensive subject index is included.
