Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 044452701X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2880
Book Description
Designed to serve as the first point of reference on the subject, Comprehensive Chemometrics presents an integrated summary of the present state of chemical and biochemical data analysis and manipulation. The work covers all major areas ranging from statistics to data acquisition, analysis, and applications. This major reference work provides broad-ranging, validated summaries of the major topics in chemometrics—with chapter introductions and advanced reviews for each area. The level of material is appropriate for graduate students as well as active researchers seeking a ready reference on obtaining and analyzing scientific data. Features the contributions of leading experts from 21 countries, under the guidance of the Editors-in-Chief and a team of specialist Section Editors: L. Buydens; D. Coomans; P. Van Espen; A. De Juan; J.H. Kalivas; B.K. Lavine; R. Leardi; R. Phan-Tan-Luu; L.A. Sarabia; and J. Trygg Examines the merits and limitations of each technique through practical examples and extensive visuals: 368 tables and more than 1,300 illustrations (750 in full color) Integrates coverage of chemical and biological methods, allowing readers to consider and test a range of techniques Consists of 2,200 pages and more than 90 review articles, making it the most comprehensive work of its kind Offers print and online purchase options, the latter of which delivers flexibility, accessibility, and usability through the search tools and other productivity-enhancing features of ScienceDirect
Comprehensive Chemometrics
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 044452701X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2880
Book Description
Designed to serve as the first point of reference on the subject, Comprehensive Chemometrics presents an integrated summary of the present state of chemical and biochemical data analysis and manipulation. The work covers all major areas ranging from statistics to data acquisition, analysis, and applications. This major reference work provides broad-ranging, validated summaries of the major topics in chemometrics—with chapter introductions and advanced reviews for each area. The level of material is appropriate for graduate students as well as active researchers seeking a ready reference on obtaining and analyzing scientific data. Features the contributions of leading experts from 21 countries, under the guidance of the Editors-in-Chief and a team of specialist Section Editors: L. Buydens; D. Coomans; P. Van Espen; A. De Juan; J.H. Kalivas; B.K. Lavine; R. Leardi; R. Phan-Tan-Luu; L.A. Sarabia; and J. Trygg Examines the merits and limitations of each technique through practical examples and extensive visuals: 368 tables and more than 1,300 illustrations (750 in full color) Integrates coverage of chemical and biological methods, allowing readers to consider and test a range of techniques Consists of 2,200 pages and more than 90 review articles, making it the most comprehensive work of its kind Offers print and online purchase options, the latter of which delivers flexibility, accessibility, and usability through the search tools and other productivity-enhancing features of ScienceDirect
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 044452701X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2880
Book Description
Designed to serve as the first point of reference on the subject, Comprehensive Chemometrics presents an integrated summary of the present state of chemical and biochemical data analysis and manipulation. The work covers all major areas ranging from statistics to data acquisition, analysis, and applications. This major reference work provides broad-ranging, validated summaries of the major topics in chemometrics—with chapter introductions and advanced reviews for each area. The level of material is appropriate for graduate students as well as active researchers seeking a ready reference on obtaining and analyzing scientific data. Features the contributions of leading experts from 21 countries, under the guidance of the Editors-in-Chief and a team of specialist Section Editors: L. Buydens; D. Coomans; P. Van Espen; A. De Juan; J.H. Kalivas; B.K. Lavine; R. Leardi; R. Phan-Tan-Luu; L.A. Sarabia; and J. Trygg Examines the merits and limitations of each technique through practical examples and extensive visuals: 368 tables and more than 1,300 illustrations (750 in full color) Integrates coverage of chemical and biological methods, allowing readers to consider and test a range of techniques Consists of 2,200 pages and more than 90 review articles, making it the most comprehensive work of its kind Offers print and online purchase options, the latter of which delivers flexibility, accessibility, and usability through the search tools and other productivity-enhancing features of ScienceDirect
Comprehensive Chemometrics
Author: Steven Brown
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444641661
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2948
Book Description
Comprehensive Chemometrics, Second Edition, Four Volume Set features expanded and updated coverage, along with new content that covers advances in the field since the previous edition published in 2009. Subject of note include updates in the fields of multidimensional and megavariate data analysis, omics data analysis, big chemical and biochemical data analysis, data fusion and sparse methods. The book follows a similar structure to the previous edition, using the same section titles to frame articles. Many chapters from the previous edition are updated, but there are also many new chapters on the latest developments. Presents integrated reviews of each chemical and biological method, examining their merits and limitations through practical examples and extensive visuals Bridges a gap in knowledge, covering developments in the field since the first edition published in 2009 Meticulously organized, with articles split into 4 sections and 12 sub-sections on key topics to allow students, researchers and professionals to find relevant information quickly and easily Written by academics and practitioners from various fields and regions to ensure that the knowledge within is easily understood and applicable to a large audience Presents integrated reviews of each chemical and biological method, examining their merits and limitations through practical examples and extensive visuals Bridges a gap in knowledge, covering developments in the field since the first edition published in 2009 Meticulously organized, with articles split into 4 sections and 12 sub-sections on key topics to allow students, researchers and professionals to find relevant information quickly and easily Written by academics and practitioners from various fields and regions to ensure that the knowledge within is easily understood and applicable to a large audience
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444641661
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2948
Book Description
Comprehensive Chemometrics, Second Edition, Four Volume Set features expanded and updated coverage, along with new content that covers advances in the field since the previous edition published in 2009. Subject of note include updates in the fields of multidimensional and megavariate data analysis, omics data analysis, big chemical and biochemical data analysis, data fusion and sparse methods. The book follows a similar structure to the previous edition, using the same section titles to frame articles. Many chapters from the previous edition are updated, but there are also many new chapters on the latest developments. Presents integrated reviews of each chemical and biological method, examining their merits and limitations through practical examples and extensive visuals Bridges a gap in knowledge, covering developments in the field since the first edition published in 2009 Meticulously organized, with articles split into 4 sections and 12 sub-sections on key topics to allow students, researchers and professionals to find relevant information quickly and easily Written by academics and practitioners from various fields and regions to ensure that the knowledge within is easily understood and applicable to a large audience Presents integrated reviews of each chemical and biological method, examining their merits and limitations through practical examples and extensive visuals Bridges a gap in knowledge, covering developments in the field since the first edition published in 2009 Meticulously organized, with articles split into 4 sections and 12 sub-sections on key topics to allow students, researchers and professionals to find relevant information quickly and easily Written by academics and practitioners from various fields and regions to ensure that the knowledge within is easily understood and applicable to a large audience
Chemometrics
Author: Richard G. Brereton
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470845740
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 504
Book Description
This book is aimed at the large number of people who need to use chemometrics but do not wish to understand complex mathematics, therefore it offers a comprehensive examination of the field of chemometrics without overwhelming the reader with complex mathematics. * Includes five chapters that cover the basic principles of chemometrics analysis. * Provides two chapters on the use of Excel and MATLAB for chemometrics analysis. * Contains 70 worked problems so that readers can gain a practical understanding of the use of chemometrics.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470845740
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 504
Book Description
This book is aimed at the large number of people who need to use chemometrics but do not wish to understand complex mathematics, therefore it offers a comprehensive examination of the field of chemometrics without overwhelming the reader with complex mathematics. * Includes five chapters that cover the basic principles of chemometrics analysis. * Provides two chapters on the use of Excel and MATLAB for chemometrics analysis. * Contains 70 worked problems so that readers can gain a practical understanding of the use of chemometrics.
Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology
Author: Kunal Roy
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119681596
Category : Science
Languages : de
Pages : 596
Book Description
Das Buch Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology befasst sich mit den bestehenden und neu auftretenden Problemen der Verschmutzung der aquatischen Umwelt durch verschiedene metallische und organische Schadstoffe, insbesondere Industriechemikalien, Pharmazeutika, Kosmetika, Biozide, Nanomaterialien, Pestizide, Tenside, Farbstoffe und viele weitere. Es werden verschiedene chemometrische und cheminformatische Instrumente für Laien beschrieben mitsamt ihrer Anwendung auf die Analyse und Modellierung der Toxizitätsdaten von Chemikalien in Bezug auf unterschiedliche aquatische Organismen. Eine Reihe von Datenbanken zur aquatischen Toxizität sowie chemometrische Softwaretools und Webserver werden vorgestellt und praktische Beispiele für die Modellentwicklung gegeben, einschließlich der entsprechenden Abbildungen. Darüber hinaus enthält das Werk Fallstudien und Literaturberichte, um das Verständnis des Themas abzurunden. Außerdem lernen die Leserinnen und Leser Werkzeuge und Protokolle wie maschinelles Lernen, Data Mining sowie Methoden des QSAR-basierten und ligandenbasierten chemischen Designs kennen. Darüber hinaus bietet das Werk: * Eine umfassende Einführung in chemometrische und cheminformatische Instrumente und Techniken, insbesondere maschinelles Lernen und Data Mining * Eine Darstellung von Datenbanken zur aquatischen Toxizität, chemometrischen Softwaretools und Webservern * Praktische Beispiele und Fallstudien zur Verdeutlichung und Veranschaulichung der im Buch enthaltenen Konzepte * Eine kompakte Erläuterung der chemometrischen und cheminformatischen Instrumente sowie ihrer Anwendung auf die Analyse und Modellierung von Toxizitätsdaten Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology ist ideal für Forschende und Studierende der Chemie sowie der Umwelt- und Pharmawissenschaften und sollte auch in den Bibliotheken von Fachleuten in der chemischen Industrie sowie Aufsichtsbehörden, die sich mit Chemometrie beschäftigen, einen Platz finden.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119681596
Category : Science
Languages : de
Pages : 596
Book Description
Das Buch Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology befasst sich mit den bestehenden und neu auftretenden Problemen der Verschmutzung der aquatischen Umwelt durch verschiedene metallische und organische Schadstoffe, insbesondere Industriechemikalien, Pharmazeutika, Kosmetika, Biozide, Nanomaterialien, Pestizide, Tenside, Farbstoffe und viele weitere. Es werden verschiedene chemometrische und cheminformatische Instrumente für Laien beschrieben mitsamt ihrer Anwendung auf die Analyse und Modellierung der Toxizitätsdaten von Chemikalien in Bezug auf unterschiedliche aquatische Organismen. Eine Reihe von Datenbanken zur aquatischen Toxizität sowie chemometrische Softwaretools und Webserver werden vorgestellt und praktische Beispiele für die Modellentwicklung gegeben, einschließlich der entsprechenden Abbildungen. Darüber hinaus enthält das Werk Fallstudien und Literaturberichte, um das Verständnis des Themas abzurunden. Außerdem lernen die Leserinnen und Leser Werkzeuge und Protokolle wie maschinelles Lernen, Data Mining sowie Methoden des QSAR-basierten und ligandenbasierten chemischen Designs kennen. Darüber hinaus bietet das Werk: * Eine umfassende Einführung in chemometrische und cheminformatische Instrumente und Techniken, insbesondere maschinelles Lernen und Data Mining * Eine Darstellung von Datenbanken zur aquatischen Toxizität, chemometrischen Softwaretools und Webservern * Praktische Beispiele und Fallstudien zur Verdeutlichung und Veranschaulichung der im Buch enthaltenen Konzepte * Eine kompakte Erläuterung der chemometrischen und cheminformatischen Instrumente sowie ihrer Anwendung auf die Analyse und Modellierung von Toxizitätsdaten Chemometrics and Cheminformatics in Aquatic Toxicology ist ideal für Forschende und Studierende der Chemie sowie der Umwelt- und Pharmawissenschaften und sollte auch in den Bibliotheken von Fachleuten in der chemischen Industrie sowie Aufsichtsbehörden, die sich mit Chemometrie beschäftigen, einen Platz finden.
Data Analysis for Omic Sciences: Methods and Applications
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444640452
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 732
Book Description
Data Analysis for Omic Sciences: Methods and Applications, Volume 82, shows how these types of challenging datasets can be analyzed. Examples of applications in real environmental, clinical and food analysis cases help readers disseminate these approaches. Chapters of note include an Introduction to Data Analysis Relevance in the Omics Era, Omics Experimental Design and Data Acquisition, Microarrays Data, Analysis of High-Throughput RNA Sequencing Data, Analysis of High-Throughput DNA Bisulfite Sequencing Data, Data Quality Assessment in Untargeted LC-MS Metabolomic, Data Normalization and Scaling, Metabolomics Data Preprocessing, and more. - Presents the best reference book for omics data analysis - Provides a review of the latest trends in transcriptomics and metabolomics data analysis tools - Includes examples of applications in research fields, such as environmental, biomedical and food analysis
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444640452
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 732
Book Description
Data Analysis for Omic Sciences: Methods and Applications, Volume 82, shows how these types of challenging datasets can be analyzed. Examples of applications in real environmental, clinical and food analysis cases help readers disseminate these approaches. Chapters of note include an Introduction to Data Analysis Relevance in the Omics Era, Omics Experimental Design and Data Acquisition, Microarrays Data, Analysis of High-Throughput RNA Sequencing Data, Analysis of High-Throughput DNA Bisulfite Sequencing Data, Data Quality Assessment in Untargeted LC-MS Metabolomic, Data Normalization and Scaling, Metabolomics Data Preprocessing, and more. - Presents the best reference book for omics data analysis - Provides a review of the latest trends in transcriptomics and metabolomics data analysis tools - Includes examples of applications in research fields, such as environmental, biomedical and food analysis
Chemometrics
Author: Matthias Otto
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527699384
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 400
Book Description
The third edition of this long-selling introductory textbook and ready reference covers all pertinent topics, from basic statistics via modeling and databases right up to the latest regulatory issues. The experienced and internationally recognized author, Matthias Otto, introduces the statistical-mathematical evaluation of chemical measurements, especially analytical ones, going on to provide a modern approach to signal processing, designing and optimizing experiments, pattern recognition and classification, as well as modeling simple and nonlinear relationships. Analytical databases are equally covered as are applications of multiway analysis, artificial intelligence, fuzzy theory, neural networks, and genetic algorithms. The new edition has 10% new content to cover such recent developments as orthogonal signal correction and new data exchange formats, tree based classification and regression, independent component analysis, ensemble methods and neuro-fuzzy systems. It still retains, however, the proven features from previous editions: worked examples, questions and problems, additional information and brief explanations in the margin.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527699384
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 400
Book Description
The third edition of this long-selling introductory textbook and ready reference covers all pertinent topics, from basic statistics via modeling and databases right up to the latest regulatory issues. The experienced and internationally recognized author, Matthias Otto, introduces the statistical-mathematical evaluation of chemical measurements, especially analytical ones, going on to provide a modern approach to signal processing, designing and optimizing experiments, pattern recognition and classification, as well as modeling simple and nonlinear relationships. Analytical databases are equally covered as are applications of multiway analysis, artificial intelligence, fuzzy theory, neural networks, and genetic algorithms. The new edition has 10% new content to cover such recent developments as orthogonal signal correction and new data exchange formats, tree based classification and regression, independent component analysis, ensemble methods and neuro-fuzzy systems. It still retains, however, the proven features from previous editions: worked examples, questions and problems, additional information and brief explanations in the margin.
Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080551904
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 887
Book Description
Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080551904
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 887
Book Description
Handbook of Chemometrics and Qualimetrics
Comprehensive Two Dimensional Gas Chromatography
Author: Lourdes Ramos
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008093269X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
The book reviews the basic concepts and highlights the most relevant advances and developments that have taken place in the field of comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) since its introduction in 1991. The several instrumental and technical approaches assayed and developed during these seventeen years and that have contributed to the development of this powerful separation technique and to its increasing application in many areas is explained and comprehensively illustrated through a number of chapters devoted these specific topics. More specialized aspects of the technique, including theoretical aspects, modelization of the chromatographic process, software developments, and alternative couplings is also covered. Finally, special attention is paid to data treatment, for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. This book will be a practical resource that will explain from basic to specialized concepts of GC x GC and will show the current state-of-the-art and discuss future trends of this technique. - Outlines basic concepts and principles of GCxGC technique for non-specialists to apply the technique to their research - Provides detailed descriptions of recent technical advances and serves as an instructional guide in latest applications in GCxGC - Sets the scene for possible future development and alternative new applications of technique
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008093269X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
The book reviews the basic concepts and highlights the most relevant advances and developments that have taken place in the field of comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) since its introduction in 1991. The several instrumental and technical approaches assayed and developed during these seventeen years and that have contributed to the development of this powerful separation technique and to its increasing application in many areas is explained and comprehensively illustrated through a number of chapters devoted these specific topics. More specialized aspects of the technique, including theoretical aspects, modelization of the chromatographic process, software developments, and alternative couplings is also covered. Finally, special attention is paid to data treatment, for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. This book will be a practical resource that will explain from basic to specialized concepts of GC x GC and will show the current state-of-the-art and discuss future trends of this technique. - Outlines basic concepts and principles of GCxGC technique for non-specialists to apply the technique to their research - Provides detailed descriptions of recent technical advances and serves as an instructional guide in latest applications in GCxGC - Sets the scene for possible future development and alternative new applications of technique
Chemometrics
Author: Richard G. Brereton
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118904680
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 603
Book Description
A new, full-color, completely updated edition of the key practical guide to chemometrics This new edition of this practical guide on chemometrics, emphasizes the principles and applications behind the main ideas in the field using numerical and graphical examples, which can then be applied to a wide variety of problems in chemistry, biology, chemical engineering, and allied disciplines. Presented in full color, it features expansion of the principal component analysis, classification, multivariate evolutionary signal and statistical distributions sections, and new case studies in metabolomics, as well as extensive updates throughout. Aimed at the large number of users of chemometrics, it includes extensive worked problems and chapters explaining how to analyze datasets, in addition to updated descriptions of how to apply Excel and Matlab for chemometrics. Chemometrics: Data Driven Extraction for Science, Second Edition offers chapters covering: experimental design, signal processing, pattern recognition, calibration, and evolutionary data. The pattern recognition chapter from the first edition is divided into two separate ones: Principal Component Analysis/Cluster Analysis, and Classification. It also includes new descriptions of Alternating Least Squares (ALS) and Iterative Target Transformation Factor Analysis (ITTFA). Updated descriptions of wavelets and Bayesian methods are included. Includes updated chapters of the classic chemometric methods (e.g. experimental design, signal processing, etc.) Introduces metabolomics-type examples alongside those from analytical chemistry Features problems at the end of each chapter to illustrate the broad applicability of the methods in different fields Supplemented with data sets and solutions to the problems on a dedicated website, www.booksupport.wiley.com Chemometrics: Data Driven Extraction for Science, Second Edition is recommended for post-graduate students of chemometrics as well as applied scientists (e.g. chemists, biochemists, engineers, statisticians) working in all areas of data analysis.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118904680
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 603
Book Description
A new, full-color, completely updated edition of the key practical guide to chemometrics This new edition of this practical guide on chemometrics, emphasizes the principles and applications behind the main ideas in the field using numerical and graphical examples, which can then be applied to a wide variety of problems in chemistry, biology, chemical engineering, and allied disciplines. Presented in full color, it features expansion of the principal component analysis, classification, multivariate evolutionary signal and statistical distributions sections, and new case studies in metabolomics, as well as extensive updates throughout. Aimed at the large number of users of chemometrics, it includes extensive worked problems and chapters explaining how to analyze datasets, in addition to updated descriptions of how to apply Excel and Matlab for chemometrics. Chemometrics: Data Driven Extraction for Science, Second Edition offers chapters covering: experimental design, signal processing, pattern recognition, calibration, and evolutionary data. The pattern recognition chapter from the first edition is divided into two separate ones: Principal Component Analysis/Cluster Analysis, and Classification. It also includes new descriptions of Alternating Least Squares (ALS) and Iterative Target Transformation Factor Analysis (ITTFA). Updated descriptions of wavelets and Bayesian methods are included. Includes updated chapters of the classic chemometric methods (e.g. experimental design, signal processing, etc.) Introduces metabolomics-type examples alongside those from analytical chemistry Features problems at the end of each chapter to illustrate the broad applicability of the methods in different fields Supplemented with data sets and solutions to the problems on a dedicated website, www.booksupport.wiley.com Chemometrics: Data Driven Extraction for Science, Second Edition is recommended for post-graduate students of chemometrics as well as applied scientists (e.g. chemists, biochemists, engineers, statisticians) working in all areas of data analysis.
40 Years of Chemometrics
Author: Barry K. Lavine
Publisher: ACS Symposium
ISBN: 9780841230989
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Bruce Kowalski is recognized by the scientific community as the founder of the field of chemometrics. This Symposium Series text is a follow up to the Symposium Series Volume 52 (Chemometrics: Theory and Application), edited by Bruce Kowalski. All major areas in the field are well represented in this book: pattern recognition, library searching, multivariate calibration, multivariate curve resolution, variable selection, data fusion, calibration transfer, environmental chemometrics, forensics, and biological and mixture analysis. Many chapters have a link to previous work done by Bruce and will serve as a retrospective to the career of Bruce Kowalski, who believed that a rational approach was needed to improve both the quality of measurements and to extract information from them. This text will be of interest to individuals who are interested in modeling data. Interest in modeling data continues to grow with the emergence of new areas such as computational statistics, business intelligence, big data, and analytics. In chemistry, modeling of data has taken a different path as it has become integrated into the field of analytical chemistry. Because chemometrics is not well understood by chemists, this text should prove beneficial and be of great interest to researchers who need to take advantage of techniques such as principal component analysis, partial least squares, linear discriminant analysis and outlier analysis in their work. This text also highlights changes that have occurred in the field since its origins in the mid-1970's and will serve as a report on the current state of the art of the field of chemometrics.
Publisher: ACS Symposium
ISBN: 9780841230989
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Bruce Kowalski is recognized by the scientific community as the founder of the field of chemometrics. This Symposium Series text is a follow up to the Symposium Series Volume 52 (Chemometrics: Theory and Application), edited by Bruce Kowalski. All major areas in the field are well represented in this book: pattern recognition, library searching, multivariate calibration, multivariate curve resolution, variable selection, data fusion, calibration transfer, environmental chemometrics, forensics, and biological and mixture analysis. Many chapters have a link to previous work done by Bruce and will serve as a retrospective to the career of Bruce Kowalski, who believed that a rational approach was needed to improve both the quality of measurements and to extract information from them. This text will be of interest to individuals who are interested in modeling data. Interest in modeling data continues to grow with the emergence of new areas such as computational statistics, business intelligence, big data, and analytics. In chemistry, modeling of data has taken a different path as it has become integrated into the field of analytical chemistry. Because chemometrics is not well understood by chemists, this text should prove beneficial and be of great interest to researchers who need to take advantage of techniques such as principal component analysis, partial least squares, linear discriminant analysis and outlier analysis in their work. This text also highlights changes that have occurred in the field since its origins in the mid-1970's and will serve as a report on the current state of the art of the field of chemometrics.