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Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451805373
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
This paper analyzes competitiveness in the Baltics in the run-up to European Union accession. Several factors appear to have driven movements in equilibrium real exchange rates in the Baltics since the start of the transition process. In the earlier years of transition, price liberalization, increased demand for services and other nontradables, and shifts in domestic production and exports toward higher valued-added products contributed to real appreciation through higher measured inflation. The strength of the real appreciation during these years appears to also reflect the correction of an initial undervaluation of exchange rates.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451805373
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
This paper analyzes competitiveness in the Baltics in the run-up to European Union accession. Several factors appear to have driven movements in equilibrium real exchange rates in the Baltics since the start of the transition process. In the earlier years of transition, price liberalization, increased demand for services and other nontradables, and shifts in domestic production and exports toward higher valued-added products contributed to real appreciation through higher measured inflation. The strength of the real appreciation during these years appears to also reflect the correction of an initial undervaluation of exchange rates.
Author: Mr.Richard D. Haas
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451875827
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
The paper is an economic history of the IMF’s involvement in the Baltic states. It describes and analyzes the initial economic stabilization; the period of consolidation and recovery; the effects of the Russian crisis of 1998; and the current growth phases of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. There is also an assessment of cooperation with the Fund based on interviews with a number of ex-officials. The major conclusion is that the Baltics have been so successful because of their early commitment to change the stabilization and reform policies needed for successful transition, and their ownership of their IMF-supported programs.
Author: Amalia Morales Zumaquero
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781594549014
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
The international macroeconomics area has experienced substantial growth over the past decade. The goal of this volume is to present the most important developments in the international macroeconomics field in recent years. The literature in this area has evolved mainly in four directions that constitute the four parts of this book. In particular, Part I focuses on the purchasing power parity (PPP) puzzle, Part II presents papers that try to explain the behaviour of nominal and real exchange rates, Part III covers the financial crises, currency crises and contagion recent literature and, finally, the behaviour of exchange rates, inflation and output convergence in Central and Eastern European transition economies are considered in Part IV.
Author: B. Ardy
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230554741
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
This book provides an original and wide-ranging analysis of the impact of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on economic governance in the EU and in several key Member States within and outside the Euro area. Its emphasis is on adaptation: how EMU encourages change in national and EU institutions and in national economic regimes. It brings together economic, political science and legal perspectives to explain how national economies adapted, the dynamics of policy-making and the complex web of laws, processes and actors in the EMU.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1589069110
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Do highly indebted countries suffer from a debt overhang? Can debt relief foster their growth rates? To answer these important questions, this article looks at how the debt-growth relation varies with indebtedness levels, as well as with the quality of policies and institutions, in a panel of developing countries. The main findings are that, in countries with good policies and institutions, there is evidence of debt overhang when the net present value of debt rises above 20–25 percent of GDP; however, debt becomes irrelevant above 70–80 percent. In countries with bad policies and institutions, thresholds appear to be lower, but the evidence of debt overhang is weaker and we cannot rule out that debt is always irrelevant. Indeed, in such countries, as well as in countries with high indebtedness levels, investment does not depend on debt levels. The analysis suggests that not all countries are likely to profit from debt relief, and thus that a one-size-fits-all debt relief approach might not be the most appropriate one.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Finance, Public
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Author: Mr.Yuan Xiao
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 9781589063266
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Large current account deficits in Estonia and Latvia, and the continued real appreciation of the exchange rate in Lithuania, have prompted concerns about the competitiveness of the Baltic economies, and called into question the sustainability of their current fixed exchange rate arrangements. Recent external performance, however, appears to be explained more by temporary or cyclical developments than by a deterioration in the underlying competitive position of the Baltic economies. This book assesses the competitive position of the Baltic countries and focuses, in particular, on the viability of the countries’ strategy of maintaining their fixed exchange rates on joining the European Union, participating in its exchange rate mechanism, and then adopting the euro at the earliest possible date.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Estonia
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 145182405X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
Lithuania showed strong economic growth with low inflation owing to its sound economic policies. Executive Directors commended this development, and appreciated Lithuania for signing the European Union Accession Treaty. They encouraged the authorities to maintain macroeconomic stability and accelerate structural reforms. They welcomed the efforts of the Bank of Lithuania to implement Financial Sector Assessment Program recommendations. They emphasized the need for energy and transport privatization, the modernization of the agriculture sector, and streamlining of the legal framework to enhance transparency, governance, and the overall business environment.
Author: José García Solanes
Publisher: Fundacion BBVA
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
