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Author: Suthasinee Somyong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Wheat preharvest sprouting (PHS) occurs when grain germinates on the plant before harvest, resulting in reduced grain quality. Previous mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) revealed a major PHS QTL located on chromosome 2B.1 that was significant in 16 environments and explained from 5 to 31% of the phenotypic variation. The objective of this project was to fine map the PHS QTL interval on 2B.1. For fine mapping the QTL interval, ESTs (expressed sequence tags) and comparative mapping were used to design 278 primer pairs, of which 22 produced polymorphic amplicons that mapped to the group 2 chromosomes. Fourteen mapped to chromosome 2B but only 10 were located in the QTL interval. Recombinant backcross populations (BC1F4 and BC1F5) were developed by backcrossing selected double haploids to a recurrent parent and selfing to the F4 and F5 generations. In each generation, three markers in the PHS QTL interval were used to screen for recombinants. Comparative analysis revealed good macrocollinearity between the PHS interval and a 3 million base pair (mb) region in rice chromosomes 7 and 3, and a 2.5 mb region in Brachypodium Super_0. Fine mapping revealed that the 2B.1 PHS QTL interval contained 2 PHS QTLs. The first PHS QTL, located between Wmc453c and Barc55, contributed one third of phenotypic variation and collocated with the seed dormancy QTL. The second PHS QTL, between Wmc474 and rCaPK, contributed two thirds of the variation. The PHS resistance alleles were contributed from Cayuga parent. One of the PHS Cayuga resistance alleles originated in Golden Chief, a parent of Clark's Cream. One of the candidate genes, Calmodulin/Ca2+ dependent protein kinase, linked with one PHS QTL. Although many recombinant families were identified, the lack of polymorphism for markers in the QTL interval prevented the localization of the recombination breakpoints and identification of the gene underlying the phenotype.
Author: Suthasinee Somyong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Wheat preharvest sprouting (PHS) occurs when grain germinates on the plant before harvest, resulting in reduced grain quality. Previous mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) revealed a major PHS QTL located on chromosome 2B.1 that was significant in 16 environments and explained from 5 to 31% of the phenotypic variation. The objective of this project was to fine map the PHS QTL interval on 2B.1. For fine mapping the QTL interval, ESTs (expressed sequence tags) and comparative mapping were used to design 278 primer pairs, of which 22 produced polymorphic amplicons that mapped to the group 2 chromosomes. Fourteen mapped to chromosome 2B but only 10 were located in the QTL interval. Recombinant backcross populations (BC1F4 and BC1F5) were developed by backcrossing selected double haploids to a recurrent parent and selfing to the F4 and F5 generations. In each generation, three markers in the PHS QTL interval were used to screen for recombinants. Comparative analysis revealed good macrocollinearity between the PHS interval and a 3 million base pair (mb) region in rice chromosomes 7 and 3, and a 2.5 mb region in Brachypodium Super_0. Fine mapping revealed that the 2B.1 PHS QTL interval contained 2 PHS QTLs. The first PHS QTL, located between Wmc453c and Barc55, contributed one third of phenotypic variation and collocated with the seed dormancy QTL. The second PHS QTL, between Wmc474 and rCaPK, contributed two thirds of the variation. The PHS resistance alleles were contributed from Cayuga parent. One of the PHS Cayuga resistance alleles originated in Golden Chief, a parent of Clark's Cream. One of the candidate genes, Calmodulin/Ca2+ dependent protein kinase, linked with one PHS QTL. Although many recombinant families were identified, the lack of polymorphism for markers in the QTL interval prevented the localization of the recombination breakpoints and identification of the gene underlying the phenotype.
Author: Jichun Tian
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401773904
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 550
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Book Description
The book mainly describes the QTL mappings and efficacy analyses that are associated with wheat productivity, quality, physiology and various stress resistances and provides summaries of results from studies conducted both at home and abroad. It presents comparable data and analyses, helping readers to arrive at a more comprehensive understanding of the latest development in this field. The book provides a wealth of novel information, broad range of applications and in-depth findings on crop genetics and molecular breeding, making it valuable not only for plant breeders but also for academic faculties, senior researchers and advanced graduate students who are involved in plant breeding and genetics. Dr. Jichun Tian is a professor at the Department of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China.
Author: Mingqin Shao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Wheat yield and quality is influenced by many abiotic and biotic environmental factors. Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) occurs when physiologically matured spikes are exposed to wet field conditions before harvest, which results in seed germination and causes significant losses in yield and end-use quality. Wheat stripe rust is one of the most important biotic factors reducing grain yield and quality. To investigate the genetic basis of the resistance to PHS and stripe rust in hard white winter wheat cultivars Danby and Tiger and develop molecular markers for marker- assisted breeding, a double haploid (DH) population, derived from those two cultivars, was genotyped with simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and simple nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. This DH population was assessed for resistance to PHS and stripe rust in both greenhouse and field experiments. For PHS, one major resistant quantitative trait locus (QTL) was consistently detected on the short arm of chromosome 3A in all three experiments conducted and explained 21.6% to 41.0% of the phenotypic variation (PVE). This QTL is corresponding to a previously cloned gene, TaPHS1. A SNP in the promoter of TaPHS1 co- segregated with PHS resistance in this mapping population. Meanwhile, two other QTLs, Qphs.hwwg-3B.1 and Qphs.hwwg-5A.1, were consistently detected on the chromosome arms 3BS and 5AL in two experiments. These two QTLs showed significant additive effects with TaPHS1 in improving PHS resistance. For stripe rust, three major QTLs were consistently detected in four out of six environments for infection type (IT) or disease severity (DS). Two of them, QYr.hwwg-2AS1 and QYr.hwwg-4BL1, contributed by the Danby allele explained up to 28.4% of PVE for IT and 60.5% of PVE for DS. The third QTL, QYr.hwwg-3BS1, contributed by the Tiger allele, had PVE values up to 14.7% for IT and 22.9% for DS. QYr.hwwg-2AS1 and QYr.hwwg- 4BL1 are likely the same resistance genes reported previously on chromosome arms 2AS and 4BL. However, QYr.hwwg-3BS1 might be different from the reported gene cluster near the distal end of 3BS where Yr57, Yr4, Yr30 and Sr2 were located. Significant additive effects on reducing IT and DS were observed among these three major QTLs. In order to pyramid multiple QTLs in breeding, user-friendly Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers were successfully developed for several QTLs identified in this study. The QTLs and their interactions found in this study together with those novel flanking KASP markers developed will be useful not only for understanding genetic mechanisms of PHS and stripe rust resistance but also for marker- assisted breeding to improve wheat resistance to PHS and stripe rust by gene pyramiding.
Author: Jesse David Munkvold
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Author: Jacob G. Bevan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crops
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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The Hagberg falling number (FN) is an important quality trait in common wheat being used in grain trading business and in end-use quality due to starch damage. Measuring FN can is conducted using flour sample after grain is harvested. Therefore, assessment of FN is very expensive and affected by environments where the grains were produced. Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and late maturity Îł-Amylase (LMA) are the two main sources that cause wheat grain samples with low FN. QTL and tightly linked molecular markers for FN, PHS, and LMA is the best alternative that can be used in early generation selection and improvement of selection efficiency. The present study conducted a comparative QTL mapping for the three related traits in a doubled haploid population derived from two hard white spring wheat cultivars UI Platinum (UIP) and SY Capstone (SYC). FN data from nine trials, PHS data from eight datasets in two experiments, and LMA data from two treatment trials were used in QTL analysis. A total of sixteen QTL for FN were detected on seven chromosome regions and five of them (QFN.UIA-1B-1, QFN.UIA-2B, QFN.UIA-3B-1, QFN.UIA-5A-1, QFN.UIA-7A-1) were detected in three or more data sets, explaining 10 to 34% of phenotypic variation. Nine QTL for PHS were identified in three or more data sets on six chromosome regions, explaining 10 to 25% of phenotypic variation. QTL for LMA were identified on chromosomes 4A (UIP HFN), 5A (UIP HFN), and 7A-1 (SYC HFN). QTL on 5A was associated with all three traits and UIP contributed to higher FN, resistance to PHS and LMA. QTL on 7A-1 was associated with FN and LMA and UIP contributed to lower FN and higher PHS score. QTL on 1B-1 was associated with FN and PHS and UIP contributed to the lower FN and higher PHS score. This study suggests that the three traits may share a little genetic information in common, therefore, selecting one trait may be able to indirectly select other related traits. This study also suggests that resistant lines to FN, PHS, and LMA can be selected through genetic recombination for QTL from the two parents. Compared to the physical map of Chinese Spring, the 5A QTL is the flanking region of Amy 3 gene. This suggests that it is necessary to study the Amy 3 gene in order to understand the genetic control of the three traits assessed in the present study.
Author: Shantel Amealia Martinez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Preharvest sprouting (PHS), germination of mature grain while still on the mother plant, occurs when conditions become cool and wet before harvest. The hydrolytic enzyme ?-amylase, induced during germination, mobilizes starch into simple carbohydrates to fuel seedling growth. Because this enzyme activity in flour causes poor end-use quality, sprouted grain sells at a severe discount. The falling number (FN) test measures ?-amylase activity in wheat meal or flour in the wheat industry. Seed dormancy, the inability to germinate even under favorable conditions, contributes about 60--80 % of genetic PHS tolerance. Red wheat varieties have higher seed dormancy and PHS tolerance than white. To improve white wheat, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) examined the genetic architecture of PHS tolerance in 469 soft white winter wheat accessions. Based on FN after natural or artificial rain, the GWAS identified 9 QTL (QFN.wsu), of which 4 co-localized with known PHS QTL and 3 with known FN/quality QTL. Based on visible sprout in spike-wetting tests, the GWAS identified 34 QTL (QPHS.wsu), of which 19 co-localized with known PHS loci and genes such as MOTHER OF FLOWERING TIME (TaMFT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (TaMKK3-A). PHS tolerance in white wheat can result from higher sensitivity to the seed dormancy-inducing hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Enhanced Response to ABA (ERA8 ) is a semi-dominant ABA hypersensitive mutant, resulting in increased seed dormancy and PHS tolerance in the soft white spring wheat 'Zak'. The ERA8 locus was mapped to a large region of chromosome 4A relative to mutagen-induced SNPs in a Zak/ZakERA8 backcross population using bulk segregant analysis (BSA) of exome sequence from BC 3F2:3 wild-type and mutant DNA. Fine mapping using mutagen-induced SNPs in additional backcross lines localized ERA8 to a 4.5 Mb region containing 70 predicted genes. The only mutagen-induced coding region mutation strongly linked to ERA8 (LOD 16.51) resulted in a missense mutation in MKK3-A, a gene involved in Arabidopsis ABA signaling. Natural variation in wheat and barley MKK3 was previously shown to control seed dormancy and PHS tolerance.
Author: Jichun Tian
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401774471
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
While focusing on various interactions between trait genes/QTL and dynamic expressions of conditional QTL genes, this book also discusses aspects of molecular marker-assisted breeding, and applications of molecular markers associated with yield, quality, physiology and disease resistance in wheat. It covers QTL studies in wheat breeding and presents the available information on wheat MAS breeding. This volume provides a wealth of novel information, a wide range of applications and deep insights into crop genetics and molecular breeding, which is valuable not only for plant breeders but also for academic faculties, senior researchers and advanced graduate students who are involved in plant breeding and genetics. Dr. Jichun Tian is a professor at the Department of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China.
Author: Jiaqian Zhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Author: Meng Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Wheat pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), germination of physiologically matured grains in a wheat spike before harvesting, can cause significant reduction in grain yield and end-use quality. Many quantitative trait loci (QTL) for PHS resistance have been reported in different sources. To determine the genetic architecture of PHS resistance and its relationship with grain color (GC) in US hard winter wheat, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on both PHS resistance and GC was conducted using in a panel of 185 U.S. elite breeding lines and cultivars and 90K wheat SNP arrrays. PHS resistance was assessed by evaluating sprouting rates in wheat spikes harvested from both greenhouse and field experiments. Thirteen QTLs for PHS resistance were identified on 11 chromosomes in at least two experiments, and the effects of these QTLs varied among different environments. The common QTLs for PHS resistance and GC were identified on the long arms of the chromosome 3A and 3D, indicating pleiotropic effect of the two QTLs. Significant QTLs were also detected on chromosome arms 3AS and 4AL, which were not related to GC, suggesting that it is possible to improve PHS resistance in white wheat. To identify markers closely linked to the 4AL QTL, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology was used to analyze a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between two parents, "Tutoumai A" and "Siyang 936", contrasting in 4AL QTL. Several closely linked GBS SNP markers to the 4AL QTL were identified and some of them were coverted to KASP for marker-assisted breeding. To investigate effects of the two non-GC related QTLs on 3AS and 4AL, both QTLs were transferered from "Tutoumai A" and "AUS1408" into a susceptible US hard winter wheat breeding line, NW97S186, through marker-assisted backcrossing using the gene marker TaPHS1 for 3AS QTL and a tightly linked KASP marker we developed for 4AL QTL. The 3AS QTL (TaPHS1) significantly interacted with environments and genetic backgrounds, whereas 4AL QTL (TaMKK3-A) interacted with environments only. The two QTLs showed additive effects on PHS resistance, indicating pyramiding these two QTLs can increase PHS resistance. To improve breeding selection efficiency, genomic prediction using genome-wide markers and marker-based prediction (MBP) using selected trait-linked markers were conducted in the association panel. Among the four genomic prediction methods evaluated, the ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (rrBLUP) provides the best prediction among the tested methods (rrBLUP, BayesB, BayesC and BayesC0). However, MBP using 11 significant SNPs identified in the association study provides a better prediction than genomic prediction. Therefore, for traits that are controlled by a few major QTLs, MBP may be more effective than genomic selection.
Author: Yuanjie Su
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303636486
Category : Bioinformatics
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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