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Author: Shaoxian Wen
Publisher: Everflow Publications
ISBN: 9888174460
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Book Description
The functions of Chinese numerals are in the main identical with those of English numerals. However, as Chinese numerals are closely associated with classifiers with which to form numeral-classifier compounds, they can only be fully understood when they are studied together with Chinese classifiers. Chinese classifiers are a very difficult problem for foreign learners to tackle, though it is not difficult to translate them into English. The fact that Chinese classifiers are difficult to master is because it concerns the usage peculiar to Chinese, but it doesn’t prevent foreign learners from understanding the meaning of the Chinese classifiers. What is difficult for them is how to use them correctly in their translation from E to C. The aim of this book is to tell the learners how to use Chinese classifiers correctly. In order to help the foreign learners to learn Chinese classifiers more handily and correctly, Appendix I: Classification of Chinese action classifiers and Appendix II: a detailed List of combination of Chinese classifiers and nouns, with more than 800 examples, are provided in this book.
Author: Shaoxian Wen
Publisher: Everflow Publications
ISBN: 9888174460
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 79
Get Book Here
Book Description
The functions of Chinese numerals are in the main identical with those of English numerals. However, as Chinese numerals are closely associated with classifiers with which to form numeral-classifier compounds, they can only be fully understood when they are studied together with Chinese classifiers. Chinese classifiers are a very difficult problem for foreign learners to tackle, though it is not difficult to translate them into English. The fact that Chinese classifiers are difficult to master is because it concerns the usage peculiar to Chinese, but it doesn’t prevent foreign learners from understanding the meaning of the Chinese classifiers. What is difficult for them is how to use them correctly in their translation from E to C. The aim of this book is to tell the learners how to use Chinese classifiers correctly. In order to help the foreign learners to learn Chinese classifiers more handily and correctly, Appendix I: Classification of Chinese action classifiers and Appendix II: a detailed List of combination of Chinese classifiers and nouns, with more than 800 examples, are provided in this book.
Author: Shaoxian Wen
Publisher: Everflow Publications
ISBN: 9888174479
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 87
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Book Description
The functions of Chinese numerals are in the main identical with those of English numerals. However, as Chinese numerals are closely associated with classifiers with which to form numeral-classifier compounds, they can only be fully understood when they are studied together with Chinese classifiers. Chinese classifiers are a very difficult problem for foreign learners to tackle, though it is not difficult to translate them into English. The fact that Chinese classifiers are difficult to master is because it concerns the usage peculiar to Chinese, but it doesn’t prevent foreign learners from understanding the meaning of the Chinese classifiers. What is difficult for them is how to use them correctly in their translation from E to C. The aim of this book is to tell the learners how to use Chinese classifiers correctly. In order to help the foreign learners to learn Chinese classifiers more handily and correctly, Appendix I: Classification of Chinese action classifiers and Appendix II: a detailed List of combination of Chinese classifiers and nouns, with more than 800 examples, are provided in this book.
Author: Jing Jin
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317294963
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 389
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Book Description
Partition and Quantity: Numeral Classifiers, Measurement, and Partitive Constructions in Mandarin Chinese presents an in-depth investigation into the semantic and syntactic properties of Chinese classifiers and conducts a comprehensive examination on the use of different quantity constructions in Chinese. This book echoes a rapid development in the past decades in Chinese linguistics research within the generative framework on Chinese classifier phrases, an area that has emerged as one of the most cutting-edge themes in the field of Chinese linguistics. The book on the one hand offers a closer scrutiny on empirical data and revisits some long-lasting research problems, such as the semantic factor bearing on the formation of Chinese numeral classifier constructions, the (non-)licensing of the linker de (的) in between the numeral classifier and the noun, and the conditions regulating the use of pre-classifier adjectives. On the other hand, particular attention is paid to the issues that have been less studied or gone unnoticed in previous studies, including a (more) fine-grained subcategorization of Chinese measurement constructions, the multiple grammatical roles played by the marker de (的) in different numeral classifier constructions, the formation and derivation of Chinese partitive constructions, etc.
Author: XuPing Li
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110289334
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
This book studies the syntax and semantics of numeral classifiers in Mandarin and other Chinese languages. It explores how Chinese classifiers are semantically interpreted in syntactic contexts and how semantic functions of classifiers are realized at the syntactic level. The book is a contribution to formal Chinese linguistics, and to the understanding of grammatical properties of nominal phrases in Chinese and East Asian languages.
Author: Niina Ning Zhang
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110304996
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
This monograph addresses fundamental syntactic issues of classifier constructions, based on a thorough study of a typical classifier language, Mandarin Chinese. It shows that the contrast between count and mass is not binary. Instead, there are two independently attested features: Numerability, the ability of a noun to combine with a numeral directly, and Delimitability, the ability of a noun to be modified by a delimitive modifier, such as size, shape, or boundary modifier. Although all nouns in Chinese are non-count nouns, there is still a mass/non-mass contrast, with mass nouns selected by individuating classifiers and non-mass nouns selected by individual classifiers. Some languages have the counterparts of Chinese individuating classifiers only, some languages have the counterparts of Chinese individual classifiers only, and some other languages have no counterpart of either individual or individuating classifiers of Chinese. The book also reports that unit plurality can be expressed by reduplicative classifiers in the language. Moreover, for the constituency of a numeral expression, an individual, individuating, or kind classifier combines with the noun first and then the numeral is integrated; but a partitive or collective classifier, like a measure word, combines with the numeral first, before the noun is integrated into the whole nominal structure. Furthermore, the book identifies the syntactic positions of various uses of classifiers in the language. A classifier is at a functional head position that has a dependency with a numeral, or a position that has a dependency with a generic or existential quantifier, or a position that represents the singular-plural contrast, or a position that licenses a delimitive modifier when the classifier occurs in a compound.
Author: Yongming Gao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Categorization (Linguistics)
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Mandarin Chinese is a numeral classifier language. In Chinese, a numeral classifier is a free morpheme that obligatorily precedes a noun in a phrase of counting, such as "one stick" and "two tables." The Chinese equivalent of such phrases would be "one long-thing stick" and "two flat-thing tables," where "long-thing" and "flat-thing" represent classifier morphemes. Many believe that numeral classifiers define conceptual categories. Five experiments were conducted to test two hypotheses about their mental representation. Experiments 1, 2, 3 and 4 tested the main hypothesis that there are three different types of Chinese numeral classifier categories associated with three different types of mental representation. Twenty-four classifiers representing the three types were selected for the study. Native Chinese speakers were used as subjects. Experiment 1 generated grammaticality, typicality, and frequency ratings for nouns classified by the three types of classifiers. In Experiment 2, subjects listed central features for each classifier category studied. Experiment 3 reversed the experimental task in Experiment 2, asking subjects to identify the appropriate classifier categories based on the most frequently rated features generated in Experiment 2. Experiment 4 engaged subjects in judging how much each noun embodies the central idea of the classifier category. Data from these four experiments indicate that the three types of classifier categories have very different underlying organizing principles in their mental representation. Type 1 categories are characterized by a set of defining features, Type 2 categories are prototype-based, and Type 3 categories are Mentally represented by arbitrary associations. Experiment 5 was designed to test the second hypothesis that classifier categories may facilitate people's memory storage and recall. Both native Chinese speakers and English speakers served as subjects, with the English speakers being the control group. The data provided limited support for the idea that classifier categories act as an organization device in memory.
Author: Shaoxian Wen
Publisher: Everflow Publications
ISBN: 9888174401
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
In order to help foreign learners to learn the essentials of written Chinese more effectively, this book is compiled in a brand-new pattern and up-to-date manner. Meticulous work has been done to simplify the complicated framework of Chinese so that the English-speaking learners will find it easy to learn. The book, which consists of 18 chapters, discusses all the essentials of basic Chinese in a comprehensive and systematical way. Chinese auxiliaries, classifiers and word groups which so often puzzle the westerners, as well as the structures of Chinese sentences and the rules of their construction, are dealt with minutely by giving numerous illustrative sentences along with their English translation. Special paragraphs are devoted to comparison between Chinese and English where necessary. This book adopts the system of Chinese grammatical terms, definition and classification prevailing in various types of schools in China universally accepted by the Chinese people as a whole. Lastly, this book is designed to be a practical work for the foreign learners who have already mastered a certain number of Chinese words and expressions and the simple rules of Chinese grammar. It is suitable for work in class and for students or self-learners working on their own.
Author: Yip Po-Ching
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317556453
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 522
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Book Description
Chinese: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to Chinese grammar which presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Chinese. The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Chinese grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language and provides full and clear explanations. Throughout, the emphasis is on Chinese as used by present-day native speakers. An extensive index and numbered paragraphs provide readers with easy access to the information they require. The new edition features a revised and expanded chapter on prosody (Prosody and Syntax), as well as four completely new chapters: • Morphology and Syntax (I) looks at Chinese word formation • Morphology and Syntax (II) explores the interaction between words, expressions and sentences • Intralingual Transpositions reviews the possible conversions between sentential constructions • Interlingual Conversions examines the differences between Chinese and English. The Grammar is an essential reference source for the adult learner and user of Chinese. It is ideal for independent study and for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes, up to an advanced level.
Author: Herbert Allen Giles
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinese language
Languages : en
Pages : 1822
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Book Description
Author: J. T. M. Miller
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192648535
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Metaphysical and ontological debates, concerning what exists and the nature of reality, are perennial features of the philosophical landscape. However, some have argued that ontological debates are non-substantive, pointless, trivial, incoherent, or impossible. Debates about whether tables exist, for example, or about the nature of reality, are taken to be in some way deficient. This has led to a burgeoning literature studying the nature of metaphysical and ontological disputes themselves. One major debate within this context concerns the language of ontology. The central question is whether the nature of language influences or limits our ability to engage productively in ontological disputes. While we typically think that our language describes the world, or at least can accurately describe the world, there have been many who have argued that the nature of language inherently influences and limits our attempts to understand the nature of reality-that our claims about what exists are, in fact, merely a reflection of how we happen to speak or think. The Language of Ontology collects chapters from established participants in the debate alongside new voices, to explore the range of issues relating to our ability or inability to get beyond the limits of our language.
