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Author: Alison Gerard
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000770559
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
The historical context of colonisation situates the analysis in Children, Care and Crime of the involvement of children with care experience in the criminal justice system in an Australian jurisdiction (New South Wales), focusing on residential care, policing, the provision of legal services and interactions in the Children’s Court. While the majority of children in care do not have contact with the criminal justice system, this book explores why those with care experience, and Indigenous children, are over-represented in this system. Drawing on findings from an innovative, mixed-method study – court observations, file reviews and qualitative interviews – the book investigates historical and contemporary processes of colonisation and criminalisation. The book outlines the impact of trauma and responses to trauma, including inter-generational trauma caused by policies of colonisation and criminalisation. It then follows a child’s journey through the continuum of care to the criminal justice system, examining data at each stage including the residential care environment, interactions with police, the provision of legal services and experiences at the Children’s Court. Drawing together an analysis of the gendered and racialised treatment of women and girls with care experience in the criminal justice system, the book particularly focuses on legacies of forced removal and apprenticeship which targeted Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and girls. Through analysing what practices from England and Wales might offer the NSW context, our findings are enriched by further reflection on how decriminalisation pathways might be imagined. While there have been many policy initiatives developed to address criminalisation, in all parts of the study little evidence was found of implementation and impact. To conclude, the book examines the way that ‘hope tropes’ are regularly deployed in child protection and criminal justice to dangle the prospect of reform, and even to produce pockets of success, only to be whittled away by well-worn pathways to routine criminalisation. The conclusion also considers what a transformative agenda would look like and how monitoring and accountability mechanisms are key to new ways of operating. Finally, the book explores strengths-based approaches and how they might take shape in the child protection and criminal justice systems. Children, Care and Crime is aimed at researchers, lawyers and criminal justice practitioners, police, Judges and Magistrates, policy-makers and those working in child protection, the criminal justice system or delivering services to children or adults with care experience. The research is multidisciplinary and therefore will be of broad appeal to the criminology, law, psychology, sociology and social work disciplines. The book is most suitable for undergraduate courses focusing on youth justice and policing, and postgraduates researching in this field.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309172357
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Author: Alison Gerard
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000770559
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
The historical context of colonisation situates the analysis in Children, Care and Crime of the involvement of children with care experience in the criminal justice system in an Australian jurisdiction (New South Wales), focusing on residential care, policing, the provision of legal services and interactions in the Children’s Court. While the majority of children in care do not have contact with the criminal justice system, this book explores why those with care experience, and Indigenous children, are over-represented in this system. Drawing on findings from an innovative, mixed-method study – court observations, file reviews and qualitative interviews – the book investigates historical and contemporary processes of colonisation and criminalisation. The book outlines the impact of trauma and responses to trauma, including inter-generational trauma caused by policies of colonisation and criminalisation. It then follows a child’s journey through the continuum of care to the criminal justice system, examining data at each stage including the residential care environment, interactions with police, the provision of legal services and experiences at the Children’s Court. Drawing together an analysis of the gendered and racialised treatment of women and girls with care experience in the criminal justice system, the book particularly focuses on legacies of forced removal and apprenticeship which targeted Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and girls. Through analysing what practices from England and Wales might offer the NSW context, our findings are enriched by further reflection on how decriminalisation pathways might be imagined. While there have been many policy initiatives developed to address criminalisation, in all parts of the study little evidence was found of implementation and impact. To conclude, the book examines the way that ‘hope tropes’ are regularly deployed in child protection and criminal justice to dangle the prospect of reform, and even to produce pockets of success, only to be whittled away by well-worn pathways to routine criminalisation. The conclusion also considers what a transformative agenda would look like and how monitoring and accountability mechanisms are key to new ways of operating. Finally, the book explores strengths-based approaches and how they might take shape in the child protection and criminal justice systems. Children, Care and Crime is aimed at researchers, lawyers and criminal justice practitioners, police, Judges and Magistrates, policy-makers and those working in child protection, the criminal justice system or delivering services to children or adults with care experience. The research is multidisciplinary and therefore will be of broad appeal to the criminology, law, psychology, sociology and social work disciplines. The book is most suitable for undergraduate courses focusing on youth justice and policing, and postgraduates researching in this field.
Author: Connie M. Tang
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1442257547
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
Children and Crime offers a multidisciplinary and research-based approach to the study of child maltreatment and juvenile delinquency. Connie M. Tang first examines children as victims of maltreatment, exploring how developmental trauma and societal factors influence children’s behavior and psyche. Topics covered include child neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse. Later chapters address how children come into conflict with the law and discuss gang membership and substance abuse. Engaging, real-life case studies illustrate the intersectionality of race, gender, and crime, as well as the role of Child Protective Services and juvenile courts. In particular, Tang examines how abuse and neglect can later play a role in a child’s delinquency. Children and Crime provides an innovative and accessible text for psychology, social work, and criminal justice courses in child abuse, neglect, and delinquency.
Author: Travis Hirschi
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351529714
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
In Causes of Delinquency, Hirschi attempts to state and test a theory of delinquency, seeing in the delinquent a person relatively free of the intimate attachments, the aspirations, and the moral beliefs that bind most people to a life within the law. In prominent alternative theories, the delinquent appears either as a frustrated striver forced into delinquency by his acceptance of the goals common to us all, or as an innocent foreigner attempting to obey the rules of a society that is not in position to make the law or define conduct as good or evil. Hirschi analyzes a large body of data on delinquency collected in Western Contra Costa County, California, contrasting throughout the assumptions of the strain, control, and cultural deviance theories. He outlines the assumptions of these theories and discusses the logical and empirical difficulties attributed to each of them. Then draws from sources an outline of social control theory, the theory that informs the subsequent analysis and which is advocated here.Often listed as a Citation Classic, Causes of Delinquency retains its force and cogency with age. It is an important volume and a necessary addition to the libraries of sociologists, criminologists, scholars and students in the area of delinquency.
Author: Paul D. Steinhauer
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
ISBN: 9780802068361
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 454
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Book Description
In this book Steinhauer brings together the fragmented research that has been done in a number of different disciplines. From this body of work he develops a model of intervention based on an understanding of attachment theory, development theory, and the practice of mental health consultation.
Author: Douglas E. Abrams
Publisher: West Academic Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Children
Languages : en
Pages : 1338
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Book Description
This casebook emphasizes doctrine, policy, and practice. It presents three central themes: the interrelated rights and obligations of children, parents, and government; ways the legal system assesses and uses children's competence to shape regulation; and the role of the child's lawyer. Volume covers several relevant international law issues, including the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, international child labor, and U.S. tobacco exports to children overseas. The authors have devoted entire chapters to the representation of children, the meaning of "parent," abuse and neglect, the foster care system, adoption, medical decision-making, support and other financial responsibilities, protective legislation, and delinquency.
Author: Tracee De Hahn
Publisher: Chelsea House
ISBN: 9780791042533
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Book Description
Describes the various ways in which children can be abused or neglected, details the changes in the way society has viewed the question of intervention in the family to protect children, including the ways in which the system itself can abuse, and discusses related issues.
Author: Rob Allen
Publisher: Institute for Public Policy Research
ISBN: 9781860300479
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Author: Prof. Sarita Vashistha
Publisher: K.K. Publications
ISBN:
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Table of Contents Preface ix Introduction 1 General Aspects • A Horror Untold • Laws on Child Sexual Abuse in India • Sexual Abuse • Power Harassment • Rankism • Child-on-child Sexual Abuse • Child Neglect Child Labour 21 The Backdrop • Child Labour Areas • International Programme on Child Labour • Child Labour Amendment • Child Labour in India • Child Labour in the Diamond Industry • Reports • Initiatives against Child Labour • Child Slavery Child Trafficking 45 The Prevalence • Child-Sex-Tourism • Background • Global Response • New Phenomenon in Goa • Inflow of Tourists Child Prostitution 59 Definitions • Terminology • Causes and Contexts • Prohibition • Extent • Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children • Forms of Sexual Exploitation • Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act • Child Sexuality Child Pornography 79 Terminology • Relation to Child Molestation and Abuse • Typology • Organised Crimes • Relationship with Sexual Abuse • Copine Scale Child Marriage 99 Child Marriage by Religion • Child Marriage by Region and Country School Violence 109 International Character • Risk Factors • Corporal Punishment • Rituals and Punishment • Paraphilia and Fetishism Exploitation of Children by Military 127 War Crimes • International Laws • International Humanitarian Law • International Labour Law Juvenile Delinquency 149 Juvenile Sex Crimes • Risk Factors • Societal Consequences Street Children 161 Definitions • Numbers and Distribution • Countrywise Position • Stolen Generations • Child Removal Policy • Policy in Practice • Child Abandonment Society and Children 191 Child Support • Legal Theory • Child Support Industry Children’s Rights 207 Definitions • Types of Rights • International Law • Convention on the Rights of the Child • Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action • Enforcement • Convention on the Rights of the Child • Children’s Rights Movement Social Laws and Children 219 Best Interests of the Child • Child Benefits • Child Imprisonment Legal Protection 231 Legal Provisions • Patronage by Courts Case Studies 269 Nithari Serial Murders • School Shooting • Kelsey Smith-Briggs • Beslan School Hostage Crisis • Other Incidents and Controversies • Holy Cross Dispute Bibliography 341 Index 349
Author: Peter Greenwood (W.)
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 9780833048486
Category : Crime prevention
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
In combating crime in America, little attention has been paid to keeping children from becoming criminals. What benefit might be realized from such an approach, and at what cost? Working from limited data on program efficacy and on criminal careers, the authors of this report made rough estimates of the costs and benefits of four early interventions--prenatal home visits by child care professionals, followed by four years of day care; training for parents with young children who have shown aggressive behavior; incentives to induce disadvantaged high-school students to graduate; and monitoring and supervising young delinquents. All except the first appeared to be at least as cost-effective as a popular but very different approach to crime reduction--California's "three-strikes" law. The advantages of parent training and graduation incentives in particular are so large that some advantage is likely to be found even under assumptions differing substantially from those made here. This report updates information contained in MR-699-UCB/RC/IF, published in 1996.
