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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
We demonstrate that the extension of CLC onto oxidants beyond air opens new, highly efficient pathways for production of ultra-pure hydrogen, activation of CO2 via reduction to CO, and are currently working on production of syngas using nanocomposite Fe-BHA. CLR hold great potential due to fuel flexibility and CO2 capture. Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is a novel clean combustion technology which offers an elegant and highly efficient route for fossil fuel combustion. In CLC, combustion of a fuel is broken down into two spatially separated steps. In the reducer, the oxygen carrier (typically a metal) supplies the stoichiometric oxygen required for fuel combustion. In the oxidizer, the oxygen-depleted carrier is then re-oxidized with air. After condensation of steam from the effluent of the reducer, a high-pressure, high-purity sequestration-ready CO2 stream is obtained. In the present study, we apply the CLC principle to the production of high-purity H2, CO, and syngas streams by replacing air with steam and/or CO2 as oxidant, respectively. Using H2O as oxidant, pure hydrogen streams can be obtained. Similarly, using CO2 as oxidant, CO is obtained, thus opening an efficient route for CO2 utilization. Using steam and CO2 mixtures for carrier oxidation should thus allow production of syngas with adjustable CO:H2 ratios. Overall, these processes result in Chemical Looping Reforming (CLR), i.e. the net overall reaction is the steam and/or dry reforming of the respective fuel.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
We demonstrate that the extension of CLC onto oxidants beyond air opens new, highly efficient pathways for production of ultra-pure hydrogen, activation of CO2 via reduction to CO, and are currently working on production of syngas using nanocomposite Fe-BHA. CLR hold great potential due to fuel flexibility and CO2 capture. Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is a novel clean combustion technology which offers an elegant and highly efficient route for fossil fuel combustion. In CLC, combustion of a fuel is broken down into two spatially separated steps. In the reducer, the oxygen carrier (typically a metal) supplies the stoichiometric oxygen required for fuel combustion. In the oxidizer, the oxygen-depleted carrier is then re-oxidized with air. After condensation of steam from the effluent of the reducer, a high-pressure, high-purity sequestration-ready CO2 stream is obtained. In the present study, we apply the CLC principle to the production of high-purity H2, CO, and syngas streams by replacing air with steam and/or CO2 as oxidant, respectively. Using H2O as oxidant, pure hydrogen streams can be obtained. Similarly, using CO2 as oxidant, CO is obtained, thus opening an efficient route for CO2 utilization. Using steam and CO2 mixtures for carrier oxidation should thus allow production of syngas with adjustable CO:H2 ratios. Overall, these processes result in Chemical Looping Reforming (CLR), i.e. the net overall reaction is the steam and/or dry reforming of the respective fuel.
Author: Ronald W. Breault
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527342028
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
This comprehensive and up-to-date handbook on this highly topical field, covering everything from new process concepts to commercial applications. Describing novel developments as well as established methods, the authors start with the evaluation of different oxygen carriers and subsequently illuminate various technological concepts for the energy conversion process. They then go on to discuss the potential for commercial applications in gaseous, coal, and fuel combustion processes in industry. The result is an invaluable source for every scientist in the field, from inorganic chemists in academia to chemical engineers in industry.
Author: Liang-Shih Fan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108160417
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 497
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Book Description
This is the first comprehensive guide to the principles and techniques of chemical looping partial oxidation. With authoritative explanations from a pioneer of the chemical looping process, you will: • Gain a holistic overview of metal oxide reaction engineering, with coverage of ionic diffusion, nanostructure formation, morphological evolution, phase equilibrium, and recyclability properties of metal oxides during redox reactions • Learn about the gasification of solid fuels, the reforming of natural gas, and the catalytic conversion of methane to olefins • Understand the importance of reactor design and process integration in enabling metal oxide oxygen carriers to produce desired products • Discover other applications of catalytic metal oxides, including the production of maleic anhydride and solar energy conversions Aspen Plus® simulation software and results accompany the book online. This is an invaluable reference for researchers and industry professionals in the fields of chemical, energy and environmental engineering, and students studying process design and optimization.
Author: Sourabh Gangadhar Nadgouda
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The importance of syngas and hydrogen (H2) along with the abundance of natural gas underlines the need for an energy efficiency and economical means of syngas and H2 production from natural gas. The conventional processes for syngas and H2 production consist of several unit operations and are very energy intensive. Additionally, these processes have a lot of CO2 emissions which is a major drawback considering the concern for global warming cause by greenhouse effect. Chemical looping process is an attractive alternative to the conventional processes. It has better exergy efficiency and reduces the downstream processing steps by inherent separation of the products. The reducing and oxidizing gases are either spatially or temporally separation which minimizes the safety hazard of forming a flammable mixture at high temperature. Despite several research efforts in application of chemical looping for syngas and H2 production there still exists scope for improvement in terms of syngas yield and overall process efficiency. In this thesis, the three major aspects of chemical looping process: oxygen carriers, reactor configuration and process configuration, are explored for strategies to enhance syngas and H2 yield. A co-current moving bed reactor configuration is simulated experimentally and theoretically for copper-iron oxygen carriers in addition to testing 5 different process configurations for the overall system. CH4 conversion and dry syngas purity of 99.5% and 97.5%, respectively, is observed in a U-tube fixed bed reactor where a co-current moving bed reactor solids profile is mimicked using copper oxide (20 wt%) - iron oxide (60 wt%) - aluminium oxide (20 wt%) oxygen carrier. The net H2 production is higher by 28% and effective thermal efficiency is 10% more than that of autothermal reforming process for the best performing process configuration. A different process configuration is also shown to have higher syngas yield than the conventional two reactor chemical looping reforming system with iron oxide-magnesium aluminate as the oxygen carrier. Process simulations in ASPEN Plus software are performed under different heat transfer, pressure and co-injection conditions to understand the benefit offered by the improved process configuration. Finally, an improvement in H2 production and, subsequently, cold gas efficiency for a chemical looping combustion system is observed using a staged H2 separation approach in the oxidizer reactor. H2 separation module was simulated in ASPEN Plus software and several combinations of separation modules and oxidizer reactor were screened for highest H2 production. A maximum cold gas efficiency of about 79%, which is 7% and 1.5% higher than the steam methane reforming process (Department of Energy baseline case) and traditional chemical looping combustion system, respectively.
Author: Liang-Shih Fan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118063139
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
This book presents the current carbonaceous fuel conversion technologies based on chemical looping concepts in the context of traditional or conventional technologies. The key features of the chemical looping processes, their ability to generate a sequestration-ready CO2 stream, are thoroughly discussed. Chapter 2 is devoted entirely to the performance of particles in chemical looping technology and covers the subjects of solid particle design, synthesis, properties, and reactive characteristics. The looping processes can be applied for combustion and/or gasification of carbon-based material such as coal, natural gas, petroleum coke, and biomass directly or indirectly for steam, syngas, hydrogen, chemicals, electricity, and liquid fuels production. Details of the energy conversion efficiency and the economics of these looping processes for combustion and gasification applications in contrast to those of the conventional processes are given in Chapters 3, 4, and 5.Finally, Chapter 6 presents additional chemical looping applications that are potentially beneficial, including those for H2 storage and onboard H2 production, CO2 capture in combustion flue gas, power generation using fuel cell, steam-methane reforming, tar sand digestion, and chemicals and liquid fuel production. A CD is appended to this book that contains the chemical looping simulation files and the simulation results based on the ASPEN Plus software for such reactors as gasifier, reducer, oxidizer and combustor, and for such processes as conventional gasification processes, Syngas Chemical Looping Process, Calcium Looping Process, and Carbonation-Calcination Reaction (CCR) Process. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.
Author: Ke Liu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471719757
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 572
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Book Description
Covers the timely topic of fuel cells and hydrogen-based energy from its fundamentals to practical applications Serves as a resource for practicing researchers and as a text in graduate-level programs Tackles crucial aspects in light of the new directions in the energy industry, in particular how to integrate fuel processing into contemporary systems like nuclear and gas power plants Includes homework-style problems
Author: Dikai Xu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
The chemical looping partial oxidation process is developed for the efficient conversion of gaseous and solid fuels into syngas via partial oxidation. The chemical looping partial oxidation process converts the fuels into high purity syngas with flexible H2:CO ratio that is suitable for downstream fuel or chemical synthesis. In the chemical looping partial oxidation process, the fuels are partially oxidized in the reducer reactor by the oxygen carrier to generate high purity syngas. The reduced oxygen carrier is regenerated in a fluidized bed combustor via the oxidation reaction with air. Compared to the conventional syngas generation processes, the chemical looping partial oxidation process eliminates the need for additional steam or molecular oxygen from an air separation unit (ASU), resulting in an increased cold gas efficiency and decreased fuel consumption. The chemical looping partial oxidation process features the combination of an iron-titanium composite metal oxide (ITCMO) oxygen carrier and a co-current gas-solid moving bed reducer reactor. The ITCMO oxygen carrier is selected for the chemical looping partial oxidation process due to its desired thermodynamic and kinetic properties. Theoretical analysis aided by a modified Ellingham Diagram illustrates that syngas production is thermodynamically favored in the presence of ITCMO oxygen carrier. The co-current moving bed reducer design provides a desirable gas-solid contacting pattern that minimizes carbon deposition while maximizing the syngas yield. Experimental studies in a fixed bed reactor and a bench scale reactor successfully demonstrate the production of high purity syngas from methane and biomass with the combination of moving bed reducer and ITCMO oxygen carrier. Further scale-up of the chemical looping partial oxidation process is demonstrated in an integrated sub-pilot scale reactor system using non-mechanical gas sealing and solid circulation devices. A dynamic modeling scheme is developed for studying the transient behavior and the control of the chemical looping system. A hierarchical control system based on sliding mode control concept is developed for the chemical looping technologies to simplify process operation.
Author: Ram B. Gupta
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420045776
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 626
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Book Description
From Methane to Hydrogen-Making the Switch to a Cleaner Fuel Source The world's overdependence on fossil fuels has created environmental problems, such as air pollution and global warming, as well as political and economic unrest. With water as its only by-product and its availability in all parts of the world, hydrogen promises to be the next grea
Author: Wh-Hsun Cheng
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824792237
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
This work details the technical, environmental and business aspects of current methanol production processes and presents recent developments concerning the use of methanol in transportation fuel and in agriculture. It is written by internationally renowned methanol experts from academia and industry.
Author: Adolfo Iulianelli
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857097733
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 577
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Book Description
Advances in Hydrogen Production, Storage and Distribution reviews recent developments in this key component of the emerging "hydrogen economy," an energy infrastructure based on hydrogen. Since hydrogen can be produced without using fossil fuels, a move to such an economy has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve energy security. However, such a move also requires the advanced production, storage and usage techniques discussed in this book. Part one introduces the fundamentals of hydrogen production, storage, and distribution, including an overview of the development of the necessary infrastructure, an analysis of the potential environmental benefits, and a review of some important hydrogen production technologies in conventional, bio-based, and nuclear power plants. Part two focuses on hydrogen production from renewable resources, and includes chapters outlining the production of hydrogen through water electrolysis, photocatalysis, and bioengineered algae. Finally, part three covers hydrogen production using inorganic membrane reactors, the storage of hydrogen, fuel cell technology, and the potential of hydrogen as a fuel for transportation. Advances in Hydrogen Production, Storage and Distribution provides a detailed overview of the components and challenges of a hydrogen economy. This book is an invaluable resource for research and development professionals in the energy industry, as well as academics with an interest in this important subject. - Reviews developments and research in this dynamic area - Discusses the challenges of creating an infrastructure to store and distribute hydrogen - Reviews the production of hydrogen using electrolysis and photo-catalytic methods
