Chemical Communication Among Bacteria PDF Download
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Author: Stephen Carlyle Winans
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Book Description
Summarizes the science and recent research developments of chemical communication among bacteria
Author: Stephen Carlyle Winans
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 528
Get Book Here
Book Description
Summarizes the science and recent research developments of chemical communication among bacteria
Author: Stephen J. Hagen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493914022
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
Quorum sensing (QS) describes a chemical communication behavior that is nearly universal among bacteria. Individual cells release a diffusible small molecule (an autoinducer) into their environment. A high concentration of this autoinducer serves as a signal of high population density, triggering new patterns of gene expression throughout the population. However QS is often much more complex than this simple census-taking behavior. Many QS bacteria produce and detect multiple autoinducers, which generate quorum signal cross talk with each other and with other bacterial species. QS gene regulatory networks respond to a range of physiological and environmental inputs in addition to autoinducer signals. While a host of individual QS systems have been characterized in great molecular and chemical detail, quorum communication raises many fundamental quantitative problems which are increasingly attracting the attention of physical scientists and mathematicians. Key questions include: What kinds of information can a bacterium gather about its environment through QS? What physical principles ultimately constrain the efficacy of diffusion-based communication? How do QS regulatory networks maximize information throughput while minimizing undesirable noise and cross talk? How does QS function in complex, spatially structured environments such as biofilms? Previous books and reviews have focused on the microbiology and biochemistry of QS. With contributions by leading scientists and mathematicians working in the field of physical biology, this volume examines the interplay of diffusion and signaling, collective and coupled dynamics of gene regulation, and spatiotemporal QS phenomena. Chapters will describe experimental studies of QS in natural and engineered or microfabricated bacterial environments, as well as modeling of QS on length scales spanning from the molecular to macroscopic. The book aims to educate physical scientists and quantitative-oriented biologists on the application of physics-based experiment and analysis, together with appropriate modeling, in the understanding and interpretation of the pervasive phenomenon of microbial quorum communication.
Author: Jost Wingender
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642601472
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are the key components for the aggregation of microorganisms in biofilms, flocs and sludge. They are composed of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other biological macromolecules. EPS provide a highly hydrated gel matrix in which microbial cells can establish stable synergistic consortia. Cohesion and adhesion as well as morphology, structure, biological function and other properties such as mechanical stability, diffusion, sorption and optical properties of microbial aggregates are determined by the EPS matrix. Also, the protection of biofilm organisms against biocides is attributed to the EPS. Their matrix allows phase separation in biofiltration and is also important for the degradation of particulate material which is of great importance for the self purification processes in surface waters and for waste water treatment.
Author: Korbin Hong James West
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Over the past 40 years, quorum sensing (QS)-a type of chemical communication used by common bacteria-has been shown to be play an increasingly important role in bacterial communities. QS mediates a wide array of bacterial group behaviors such as initiating infection, mediating symbiosis, and adapting to environmental stimuli. A common QS pathway used by many Gram-positive bacteria is the accessory gene regulator (agr) system, which has been recognized as a key regulator of virulence in several clinically relevant pathogens. Activation of agr QS and its downstream regulation is dependent upon the production and reception of a peptide signal known as the autoinducing peptide (AIP). Interfering with this signaling process using non-native chemical modulators that target the various components of agr represents an approach to attenuate agr QS activity and alter associated bacterial phenotypes. There currently is a dearth of potent and efficacious chemical modulators for the majority of agr systems. Moreover, many of these synthetic ligands have been only examined in vitro, and many questions remain about the modes by which bacteria use agr QS in vivo and the methods by which to best leverage these chemical modulators to reduce bacterial virulence. In this thesis, I describe my work to create, develop, and apply chemical tools to investigate agr QS in three important pathogens. I performed structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses on the native AIP signal of Listeria monocytogenes and uncovered the most potent agr agonists and antagonists of its agr system to date. These modulators can strongly promote or inhibit biofilm formation, a critical virulence phenotype in L. monocytogenes, demonstrating the utility of chemical control of agr activity. Structural and SAR studies of the AIPs from Staphylococcus epidermidis revealed new structural insights into modulator potency and efficacy, as well as enabling the development of the first agonists capable of activating multiple AgrC receptors. Lastly, I characterized degradable polymeric materials loaded with potent Staphylococcus aureus agr antagonists and demonstrated their ability to attenuate infection in a murine model. The studies presented herein represent significant advances towards developing chemical tools to probe and control agr QS in important Gram-positive bacteria.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Cell-cell communication in bacteria involves the production, release, and subsequent detection of chemical signaling molecules called autoinducers. This process, called quorum sensing, allows bacteria to regulate gene expression on a population-wide scale. Processes controlled by quorum sensing are usually ones that are unproductive when undertaken by an individual bacterium but become effective when undertaken by the group. For example, quorum sensing controls bioluminescence, secretion of virulence factors, biofilm formation, sporulation, and the exchange of DNA. Thus, quorum sensing is a mechanism that allows bacteria to function as multi-cellular organisms. Bacteria make, detect, and integrate information from multiple autoinducers, some of which are used exclusively for intra-species communication while others enable communication between species. Research is now focused on the development of therapies that interfere with quorum sensing to control bacterial virulence.
Author: Cram101 Textbook Reviews
Publisher: Cram101
ISBN: 9781497013155
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
Never HIGHLIGHT a Book Again! Includes all testable terms, concepts, persons, places, and events. Cram101 Just the FACTS101 studyguides gives all of the outlines, highlights, and quizzes for your textbook with optional online comprehensive practice tests. Only Cram101 is Textbook Specific. Accompanies: 9781555814045. This item is printed on demand.
Author: Reinhard Krämer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527629246
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 513
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Book Description
Providing a comprehensive insight into cellular signaling processes in bacteria with a special focus on biotechnological implications, this is the first book to cover intercellular as well as intracellular signaling and its relevance for biofilm formation, host pathogen interactions, symbiotic relationships, and photo- and chemotaxis. In addition, it deals in detail with principal bacterial signaling mechanisms -- making this a valuable resource for all advanced students in microbiology. Dr. Krämer is a world-renowned expert in intracellular signaling and its implications for biotechnology processes, while Dr. Jung is an expert on intercellular signaling and its relevance for biomedicine and agriculture.
Author: Korbin Hong James West
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Over the past 40 years, quorum sensing (QS)-a type of chemical communication used by common bacteria-has been shown to be play an increasingly important role in bacterial communities. QS mediates a wide array of bacterial group behaviors such as initiating infection, mediating symbiosis, and adapting to environmental stimuli. A common QS pathway used by many Gram-positive bacteria is the accessory gene regulator (agr) system, which has been recognized as a key regulator of virulence in several clinically relevant pathogens. Activation of agr QS and its downstream regulation is dependent upon the production and reception of a peptide signal known as the autoinducing peptide (AIP). Interfering with this signaling process using non-native chemical modulators that target the various components of agr represents an approach to attenuate agr QS activity and alter associated bacterial phenotypes. There currently is a dearth of potent and efficacious chemical modulators for the majority of agr systems. Moreover, many of these synthetic ligands have been only examined in vitro, and many questions remain about the modes by which bacteria use agr QS in vivo and the methods by which to best leverage these chemical modulators to reduce bacterial virulence. In this thesis, I describe my work to create, develop, and apply chemical tools to investigate agr QS in three important pathogens. I performed structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses on the native AIP signal of Listeria monocytogenes and uncovered the most potent agr agonists and antagonists of its agr system to date. These modulators can strongly promote or inhibit biofilm formation, a critical virulence phenotype in L. monocytogenes, demonstrating the utility of chemical control of agr activity. Structural and SAR studies of the AIPs from Staphylococcus epidermidis revealed new structural insights into modulator potency and efficacy, as well as enabling the development of the first agonists capable of activating multiple AgrC receptors. Lastly, I characterized degradable polymeric materials loaded with potent Staphylococcus aureus agr antagonists and demonstrated their ability to attenuate infection in a murine model. The studies presented herein represent significant advances towards developing chemical tools to probe and control agr QS in important Gram-positive bacteria.
Author: Carla Mucignat-Caretta
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466553413
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
Intraspecific communication involves the activation of chemoreceptors and subsequent activation of different central areas that coordinate the responses of the entire organism—ranging from behavioral modification to modulation of hormones release. Animals emit intraspecific chemical signals, often referred to as pheromones, to advertise their presence to members of the same species and to regulate interactions aimed at establishing and regulating social and reproductive bonds. In the last two decades, scientists have developed a greater understanding of the neural processing of these chemical signals. Neurobiology of Chemical Communication explores the role of the chemical senses in mediating intraspecific communication. Providing an up-to-date outline of the most recent advances in the field, it presents data from laboratory and wild species, ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates, from insects to humans. The book examines the structure, anatomy, electrophysiology, and molecular biology of pheromones. It discusses how chemical signals work on different mammalian and non-mammalian species and includes chapters on insects, Drosophila, honey bees, amphibians, mice, tigers, and cattle. It also explores the controversial topic of human pheromones. An essential reference for students and researchers in the field of pheromones, this is also an ideal resource for those working on behavioral phenotyping of animal models and persons interested in the biology/ecology of wild and domestic species.
Author: Marco Gobbetti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461456568
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 85
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Book Description
It is generally assumed that microorganisms synthesize, release, detect and respond to small signaling hormone-like molecules. These molecules are used for a process termed “quorum sensing” (QS), a phenomenon that enables bacteria to sense when the minimal number of cells, or “quorum,” is achieved for a concerted response to be initiated. Words such as “language” and “behavior” are frequently used to depict QS in the literature. More simply put, language and cross-talk between bacteria, and between bacteria and animal or plant hosts, determines the behavior (e.g., beneficial or pathogenic effects) of bacteria. Currently, the major concern is to understand and decode this language. Overall, bacterial cross-talk was mainly studied on environmental, plant, and human pathogenic bacteria. Few studies considered food-related lactic acid bacteria. The cross-talk between bacteria influences the behavior and, in turn, the environmental adaptation and phenotypes. Therefore, it is understood that bacterial cross-talk has important applicative repercussions. The language spoken between bacteria populating the same food ecosystem may condition the phenotypic traits of starter lactic acid bacteria and, consequently, their performance. This Brief aims to define the basis of cell-to-cell signalling in food fermentation and will highlight: (i) microbiology, nutritional, chemical and functional aspects; (ii) functional properties due to microbial adaptation to the gastrointestinal tract; (iii) principal phenotypes under control of QS circuitries; (iv) quorum quenching. This Brief will be the first reference on this topic and it will highlight the main results for a more productive industrial application. Draft content 1. Signals of food related Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria The chapter will describe the different signaling languages used by Gram-negative bacteria (N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones) and Gram-positive bacteria (based on the synthesis of post-translationally modified peptides) and the universal chemical lexicon, shared by both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria (autoinducer-2 through the activity of the LuxS enzyme). 2. Phenotypes related to quorum sensing The chapter will describe the bacterial phenotypes, such as virulence, biofilm maturation, bacteriocin synthesis, and secondary metabolite production under control of QS circuitries. 3. Cell-to-cell signalling in fermented food: sourdough The chapter will describe the language spoken between bacteria populating the same food ecosystem (sourdough) and will provide an overview of the conditioned phenotypic traits of starter lactic acid bacteria and, consequently, their performance. 4. Cell-to-cell signalling in fermented food: yoghurt The chapter will describe the language spoken between bacteria populating the same food ecosystem (yoghurt) and will provide an overview of the conditioned phenotypic traits of starter lactic acid bacteria and, consequently, their performance. 5. Probiotic message at the intra-, inter-species and inter-kingdom level The chapter will describe the mechanisms that regulate the interaction between microorganism and host, and the capacity of the microorganism to adapt to environment. Particular reference will also be made to: (i) pathogen inhibition and restoration of microbial homeostasis through microbe-microbe interactions; (ii) enhancement of epithelial barrier function; and (iii) modulation of immune responses. 6. New Perspectives of quorum sensing This chapter will provide an overview of the future perspective regarding quorum sensing, showing that bacterial cross-talk may have important applicative repercussions. It will highlight the interference on the language of QS, which is defined as quorum quenching (QQ). Increasing translation of the bacterial cross-talk has shown that in some environmental circumstances, quenching of the language may occur.
