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Author: R. C. Koeppen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Charcoal
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
Author: R. C. Koeppen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Charcoal
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
Author: Robert Carl Koeppen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Charcoal
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
Author: R. C. Koeppen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 3
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Book Description
Charcoal is largely unaffected by fungi or other wood destroying organisms. Consequently, it will persist in soil for great periods of time and often turns up in archaeological diggings and paleobotanical studies. The identification of such charcoal is often desirable because it may provide a record of paleoclimatic changes or have significance as evidence of ancient cultural practices. Identification is possible because the anatomical features of the wood remain intact during the carbonization process. A charcoal reference collection is relatively simple to prepare. The first step is to accumulate a collection of woods of known identity and then convert them to charcoal. (Author).
Author: Paul Raymond Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Archaeology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 3
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Author: Alexa Dufraisse
Publisher: British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Charcoal Analysis: New Analytical Tools and Methods for Archaeology: Papers from the Table-Ronde held in Basel 2004 Aedited by Alexa Dufraisse 9 papers from a symposium held in Basel in 2004 to discuss current aspects of charcoal analysis, including: (1) Palaeo-Ecological Reliability of Pedo-Anthacological Assemblages (Claire Delhon); (2) ...
Author: James G. Speight
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471718505
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 239
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Book Description
All the guidance needed to test coal and analyze the results With the skyrocketing costs of most fuel sources, government, industry, and consumers are taking a greater interest in coal, an abundant and inexpensive alternative, which has been made more environmentally friendly through new technology. Published in response to this renewed interest, Handbook of Coal Analysis provides readers with everything they need to know about testing and analyzing coal. Moreover, it explains the meaning of test results and how these results can predict coal behavior and its corresponding environmental impact during use. The thorough coverage of coal analysis includes: * Detailed presentation of necessary standard tests and procedures * Explanation of coal behavior relative to its usage alongside the corresponding environmental issues * Coverage of nomenclature, terminology, sampling, and accuracy and precision of analysis * Step-by-step test method protocols for proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, mineral matter, physical and electrical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, spectroscopic properties, and solvent properties * Emphasis on relevant American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards and test methods, including corresponding International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and British Standards Institution (BSI) test method numbers To assist readers in understanding the material, a glossary of terms is provided. Each term is defined in straightforward language that enables readers to better grasp complex concepts and theory. References at the end of each chapter lead readers to more in-depth discussions of specialized topics. This is an essential reference for analytical chemists, process chemists, and engineers in the coal industry as well as other professionals and researchers who are looking to coal as a means to decrease dependence on foreign oil sources and devise more efficient, cleaner methods of energy production.
Author: David John Welch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cahokia (Ill.)
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coal mine accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Author: Carole A. Keepax
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Archaeology
Languages : en
Pages : 605
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Book Description
In this thesis, data from 236 archaeological sites in England, Scotland and Wales are used to build the foundations of a standard methodology for charcoal identification and interpretation. Sampling methods are examined, including sample selection, recovery, sample size, fragment size, and their effects on results. A computer-based key for native woody plants (and some introduced species) was constructed to aid identification of archaeological charcoals. 31 taxa were identified from the sites studied. Results are compared by histograms, presence analysis and multivariate analysis. The broad pattern is found to display little variation in relation to archaeological period or context type. Quercus sp., Rosaceae (subfamily Pomoideae), Corylus sp., Primus sp., and Fraxiiius sp. are the five most common taxa on the majority of sites. The importance of this finding to the interpretation of individual results is considered in terms of a simple fuel selection:availability hypothesis. Compared to pollen or molluscan analysis, charcoal is shown to be insensitive to changes in woodland distribution and type. There are, however, indications of local environmental influences in the occurrence of some less commonly recorded taxa (e.g. Rhamnus sp. and Calluna sp.). Distributions of Fagus sp., Acer sp., Taxus sp., Carpinus sp., Pinus sp., Tilia sp. and others arc considered in relation to their known history and ecology, illustrating the value of large-scale charcoal evidence in helping to reconstruct woodland history. Multi-faceted analysis of taxa identified, charcoal concentration, the number of fragments idcntiticd per taxon and the proportion of twiggy material present is shown to be a potential means of characterising deposits, and one which also promises to yield further information in the future.
