Characterization of Hydrodynamic Properties of a Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor Through Cold Flow Model Experimentation PDF Download
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Author: Richard Dennis Lusk (Junior)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
A cold flow model circulating fluidized bed reactor was designed and built to determine any correlation that may exist between the percentage of fine bed material in the overall reactor inventory, and both the solids circulation rate as well as the riser axial particle distribution. It was determined that for Geldart group B particles (sand), there may be a direct relationship between an increase in the percentage of fine particles and an increase in the solids circulation rate for a given riser superficial velocity. There may also be a direct relationship between the percentage of fine particles and an increase in the overall solids concentration in the upper zones of the riser for a given riser superficial velocity. It is theorized that these effects are due to a reduction in the overall mean particle size of any particle clusters formed due to the increase of the percentage of fines.
Author: Richard Dennis Lusk (Junior)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
A cold flow model circulating fluidized bed reactor was designed and built to determine any correlation that may exist between the percentage of fine bed material in the overall reactor inventory, and both the solids circulation rate as well as the riser axial particle distribution. It was determined that for Geldart group B particles (sand), there may be a direct relationship between an increase in the percentage of fine particles and an increase in the solids circulation rate for a given riser superficial velocity. There may also be a direct relationship between the percentage of fine particles and an increase in the overall solids concentration in the upper zones of the riser for a given riser superficial velocity. It is theorized that these effects are due to a reduction in the overall mean particle size of any particle clusters formed due to the increase of the percentage of fines.
Author: Timo Hensler
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783843944502
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: John G. Yates
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319395939
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
The fluidized-bed reactor is the centerpiece of industrial fluidization processes. This book focuses on the design and operation of fluidized beds in many different industrial processes, emphasizing the rationale for choosing fluidized beds for each particular process. The book starts with a brief history of fluidization from its inception in the 1940’s. The authors present both the fluid dynamics of gas-solid fluidized beds and the extensive experimental studies of operating systems and they set them in the context of operating processes that use fluid-bed reactors. Chemical engineering students and postdocs as well as practicing engineers will find great interest in this book.
Author: Prabir Basu
Publisher: Pergamon
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology II is a result of a series of science-related conferences in the 1980s. The text contains various studies, facts, and discussions on fluidized beds. The book begins by going through the rise and fall of circulating systems, specifically fluid dynamics. The chapter continues with a wider discussion of hydrodynamics, which includes its scales, particles, and different math formulas. In the several chapters that follow, a thorough study of fluidized beds and its subtopics are presented, which include particle behavior, combustion, heat transfer process, reactors, gas mixing, parameters, measurements, and characteristics. The variations of fluidized beds, including the multisolid, dual-column, and turbulent, are also given. The book serves as a very useful reference for undergraduates and postgraduates of physics, chemistry, and other related fields.
Author: Robert Cornelis Zijerveld
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
Author: Onno Cornelis Snip
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Author: Amir Mowla
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Commercial ebullated bed reactors (EBRs) are three-phase fluidized bed systems used for hydroprocessing (upgrading) of bitumen, a major Canadian resource. The objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the hydrodynamics of the EBRs through a combination of experimental investigation and CFD modeling. The experiments were conducted in a transparent cold-flow pilot scale reactor (inner diameter of 15.2 cm and total height of 2.2 m and were focused on the most important parameter in the design and operation of fluidized bed systems, i.e., the overall (average) gas hold-up. The pilot scale setup was operated in both two-phase (gas-liquid) and three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) modes in order to investigate the fluid dynamics in the bed and the freeboard regions present in EBRs. In two-phase flow mode, experiments were performed with and without internal gas/liquid separators (recycle cups connected to a recycle line). The recycle cups were fabricated on the basis of designs proposed in the patent literature using a desktop 3-D printer. Different concentrations of ethanol were added to distilled water in order to reproduce the conditions of high gas hold-up and foaming frequently observed in commercial EBRs. The two-phase systems were also simulated with the Euler-Euler model using a finite volume method in the OpenFOAM toolbox. The average bubble size is a key input to this model and must be representative of the physical system. Provided this condition is met, the Euler-Euler model can predict the average gas hold-up under conditions of homogeneous (dispersed) two-phase flow to within 10% of the experimental values, regardless of the mode of operation (co-current vs. bubble column). Predictions of the gas hold-up under conditions of co-current heterogeneous two-phase flow are, however, less accurate (22% average error) - a result likely linked to limitations of the available empirical swarm correction models. Experiments in the systems with recycle cups showed that the performance of the cups in gas/liquid separation deteriorated in foaming systems. Also increasing the inlet liquid flow rate and/or recycle liquid flow increased the amount of entrained gas in the recycle stream. Simulation of these experiments highlighted the strengths and limitations of the Euler-Euler model. As far as three-phase systems are concerned, a meta-analysis of a large body of published data produced a set of empirical correlations for predicting the overall gas hold-up data for systems operating with water and spherical particles. Experiments conducted to investigate the effect of particle wettability on the gas hold-up in a three-phase fluidized bed demonstrated the limitations of such an empirical approach. For the system operating with hydrophilic particles, gas hold-up values of up to 15% were predicted with less than 25% error by the most accurate correlations. For the system of hydrophobic particles, however, the correlations failed in prediction of gas hold-up and the average error was more than 56%. Experiments demonstrated that rendering the particles hydrophobic decreased the gas hold-up by more than 20%. This was found to be the result of larger bubble size distribution in the bed of hydrophobic particles. In these systems, adhesion of bubbles to particles formed bubble-particle agglomerates with less apparent density than bare particles. Such gas-padded particles have less ability to penetrate and break-up the bubbles. Consequently, the average bubble size was larger in the bed of hydrophobic particles and also in the freeboard region above the bed. According to the semi-empirical models on foam height dynamics, steady state foam thickness is inversely proportional to the bubble diameter. Therefore, foam thickness is expected to be smaller for the system of hydrophobic particles. The foam thickness measurements in this study were consistent with the findings of the semi-empirical models.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fossil fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 886
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Book Description
Author: Prabir Basu
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319061739
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
· Explains operation and scientific fundamentals of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers · Outlines practical issues in industrial use · Teaches how to optimize design for maximum reliability and efficiency · Discusses operating and maintenance issues and how to troubleshoot them This book provides practicing engineers and students with insight into the design and operation of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers through a combination of theoretical concepts and practical experience. An emphasis on combustion, hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and material issues illustrates these concepts with numerous examples from actual operating plants. The relevance of design and feed-stock parameters to the operation of a CFB boiler are also examined, along with their impacts on designs of mechanical components, including cyclones, air distributor grids, and solid recycle systems. This versatile resource explains how fluidized bed equipment works and how the basic principles of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics influence design, while providing insight into planning new projects, troubleshooting existing equipment, and appreciating the capabilities and limitations of the process. From hydrodynamics to construction and maintenance, the author covers all of the essential information needed to understand, design, operate, and maintain a complete fluidized bed system. It is a must for clean coal technology as well as for biomass power generation.
