Characterization of HMA Mixtures Containing High Recycled Asphalt Pavement Content with Crumb Rubber Additives PDF Download
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Author: Samuel B. Cooper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Samuel B. Cooper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Samuel B. Cooper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Beaux M. Kemp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pavements, Asphalt
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material has been combined with hot-mix asphalt (HMA) paving for several decades to reduce construction costs and environmental impacts. In Alaska, the HMA specification allows up to 15% RAP for Type-II A mixes (typically used in wearing courses) and 25% for Type II-B mixes (used in wearing or base courses). Highway construction projects statewide are expected to see an increase in the use of RAP in future mix designs. Pavement engineers use mechanistic procedures (e.g. Alaska Flexible Pavement Design software and Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide) to develop flexible pavement design alternatives. These procedures require material engineering properties as an input source. Consequently, it is essential to properly establish the engineering properties of HMA mixtures containing RAP. In order to characterize Alaskan HMA materials containing RAP, this study evaluated 11 HMA mixtures comprised of three typical Alaskan asphalt binders (PG 52-28, PG 58-34 and PG 52-40) containing 0%, 25% and 35% RAP that were either produced in the lab or a hot-plant (i.e. collected from actual paving projects in Alaska). Various binder and mix properties were determined including; true high binder grades, complex shear modulus (G*) and phase angle (delta) at high performance temperatures, as well as asphalt mixture performance tests (AMPT); dynamic modulus (E*) and flow number (FN). The original (h-based) and the modified (G*-based) Witczak (E*) predictive models were evaluated for these mixtures based on job mix formulae availability for use in mechanistic design procedures. It was found that the incorporation of RAP into Alaskan HMA increased E* and FN of the mixtures, which indicates that the addition of RAP increased the stiffness and rutting resistance of the mixtures tested. A local calibration of the Witczak predictive models may be required for increased accuracy of E* predictions. For Alaskan conditions, a savings of $13.60/ton of mix was estimated for a 25% RAP mix. For an 18-feet wide one lane-mile of HMA mat, it is estimated to have a 21% savings in the 25% RAP mix compared to the conventional virgin (no RAP) mix.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Asphalt
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
TRB's Transportation Research Record (TRR): Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2445 consists of 12 papers that examine the low-temperature characterization of foamed warm-mix asphalt produced by water injection; an analytical methodology to determine the composition of filler used in hot-mix asphalt; effects of binder modification on aggregate structure and thermovolumetric properties of asphalt mixtures; and a statistical analysis of the influence of mix design parameters on mechanical properties of mixes with reclaimed asphalt pavement. This issue also explores new additives for use in hot in-place recycling to improve performance of reclaimed asphalt pavement mix; the effect of crumb rubber dissolution on low-temperature performance and aging of asphalt-rubber binder; laboratory investigation of biochar-modified asphalt mixture; and a laboratory study on effects of high reclaimed asphalt pavement and binder content, which include stiffness, fatigue resistance, and rutting resistance. Additionally, this TRR explores the production, construction, and properties of high reclaimed asphalt pavement mixtures; strategies for incorporating higher recycled asphalt pavement percentages; the laboratory performance of asphalt mixtures containing recycled asphalt shingles; and testing of fine asphalt mixtures to quantify effectiveness of asphalt binder replacement using recycled shingles.
Author: Shawn Shiangfeng Hung
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781085585194
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The pavement community, including both agencies and industries, is moving toward more sustainable pavement designs and pavement network management. Increasing amounts of recycled materials, both reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled tire rubber, are expected to be used in new pavement construction projects in the future to reduce the use of virgin binder and aggregates. The main concern of using recycled materials in new asphalt pavement is the potential negative effect on the performance. Thus, the primary objective of this dissertation is to improve the current laboratory testing technologies and performance assessment approaches for characterizing the performance-related properties of asphalt mixes containing recycled materials and to improve understanding of how these properties affect the performance of asphalt pavements so that they can be designed and constructed better. A major challenge regarding the use of high RAP content mixes is the differences in the rheological properties of the virgin binder (mixes without RAP) and the blended binder (mixes with RAP). Traditionally, binder blending charts are used to determine the appropriate RAP content in asphalt mixes and the selection of virgin binder grade as part of the Superpave volumetric mix design procedures when RAP is incorporated in the mix. However, producing mixes based on blending charts that require testing of extracted and recovered RAP binders is expensive and hazardous. An alternative test approach for binder blending charts using fine aggregate matrix (FAM) mix testing is presented in this dissertation. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach could estimate the blended binder intermediate and low performance grading temperatures within ±3°C of the measured blended binder performance grading temperatures. Even though the proposed approach is not as accurate as the blending chart method (within ±2°C), it provides both cost and environmental benefits. Currently, the Superpave Performance Grading (PG) system cannot not be used to evaluate the performance-related properties of asphalt rubber binders produced using larger crumb rubber particles (maximum particle size passing 2.36 mm sieve) due to the limitations of parallel plate geometry. With the consideration of more open-graded or gap-graded rubberized hot mix asphalt (RHMA-O and RHMA-G) projects in the future, it is important to be able to perform Superpave PG testing on asphalt rubber binder and to establish performance-based contract acceptance criteria for the production of asphalt rubber binders. The test results indicated that the concentric cylinder geometry is an appropriate alternative geometry to parallel plates for quantifying the properties of asphalt rubber binders and specifically for assessing the high-temperature performance properties of binders containing crumb rubber particles larger than 250 [mu]m. Concerns have been raised with regard to incorporating reclaimed rubberized asphalt pavement (RRAP) into dense-graded new hot mix asphalt (HMA-DG) and RAP into new RHMA-G since the interactions between the virgin binder, age-hardened binder, and recycled tire rubber could considerably affect the rutting, fatigue cracking, and thermal cracking performances of new HMA-DG and RHMA-G. The fundamental differences between RAP and RRAP were identified and the performance of new mixes that contain these recycled materials were evaluated in this study. The experimental results showed that adding RRAP to HMA-DG mixes is ideal to resist rutting and low-temperature cracking based on the changes in mix stiffness. The HMA-DG mixes containing RRAP are better at resisting high tensile strain loadings than mixes containing RAP. In addition, adding RAP to RHMA-G mixes improves the rutting performance but diminishes the cracking performance, and potentially negating the benefits of selecting RHMA-G as an overlay to retard the rate of reflection cracking. Lastly, the effects of rest periods on asphalt fatigue performance considering asphalt thixotropy, non-linearity, self-heating, self-cooling, and steric hardening were also investigated in this research. The experimental test results showed that asphalt thixotropic softening and other biasing effects control the first 10 to 15 percent decrease in stiffness for unmodified binders and 15 to 35 percent decrease in stiffness for modified binders under cyclic loading, and this decrease in stiffness can be recovered with the introduction of rest periods. This means that most of the repeated loadings applied to test specimens within the thixotropic softening range do not caused any fatigue damage but only softening of the materials. Thus, by providing sufficient rest periods within the thixotropic softening range can effectively improve asphalt fatigue performance. Both the thixotropic softening range and the required time for thixotropic recovery (i.e., rest periods) need to be considered in asphalt fatigue test and mechanistic-empirical (ME) design for better evaluation of the true fatigue performance.
Author: Sadjad Pirmohammad
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030399745
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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This book discusses the applications of fracture mechanics in the design and maintenance of asphalt concrete overlays. It provides useful information to help readers understand the effects of different material and loading type parameters on the fracture properties of asphalt concretes. It also reviews relevant numerical and experimental studies, and describes in detail design parameters such as aggregate type, air void, loading mode, and additives, based on the authors experience and that of other researchers.
Author: Eugene L. Skok
Publisher: DEStech Publications, Inc
ISBN: 1605950688
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 801
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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The use of the Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in asphalt mixes has existed for sometime. Experience has shown that recycling of asphalt pavements is highly beneficial from a technical, economical, and environmental perspective. Some of the main advantages of utilizing the RAP include conservation of asphalt and aggregate resources, conservation of energy, and reduction of construction costs. This report is mainly focused on field study of fatigue and rheological properties of asphalt mixtures with inclusion of different (0,10,20,30) percent of RAP. The objective of this study is to determine what maximum percent of RAP can be introduced into the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) mixture without affecting mixture properties. Surface mixtures meeting the TDOT "D" mix criteria were evaluated at 0, 10, 20, and 30 percent of screened RAP materials. During the field study two mixes were evaluated (limestone and gravel) with two different types of binder (PG 64-22 and PG 76-22). Fatigue characteristics as well as the mixture properties were tested and evaluated. Tests used for fatigue evaluation of HMA mixture included indirect tensile strength, semi-circular bending, and beam fatigue tests. From this study it was concluded that the inclusion of RAP discarded material, as well as long-term aging, will generally influence the stiffness of the mixture and in return affect its resistance to fatigue cracking. It was also noted that the fatigue properties of the mixtures with 30 percent of RAP material drastically changed the fatigue characteristics as compared to 0, 10, and 20 percent of RAP mixtures. At the higher percentages of RAP the mixture becomes stiffer and fatigue characteristics of the RAP mixture are compromised by adding RAP. Based on the results of the field mixtures, up to 20 percent RAP can be used in TDOT surface mixtures without compromising the fatigue properties of the asphalt mixture.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Asphalt-rubber
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Section 1038 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) contains provisions for each State to begin incorporating scrap tire rubber into their asphalt paving materials. A workshop was developed through the cooperation of highway agencies and the asphalt industry to discuss present procedures and practices for designing and constructing asphalt pavements which incorporate scrap tire rubber (crumb rubber modifier). These workshop notes were prepared from the proceedings of the 13 workshop sessions.
Author: Eugene Skok
Publisher: DEStech Publications, Inc
ISBN: 1605951455
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 752
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Book Description
New developments in mixing, testing, modeling Research findings on sustainable asphalt technology Bitumen use and specifications in Europe Fully-searchable text on accompanying CD-ROM Asphalt Paving Technology 2013, a series volume, contains 26 original research papers devoted to the formulation, chemistry, mixing, modeling, testing and optimization of asphalt—with applications to highway and infrastructure engineering. Written by leading civil and structural engineers from universities and government agencies around the world, the book offers information for designing and producing higher-quality asphalt. Selected keywords: photocatalytic asphalt; fatigue loading; skid-resistance; low-temperature cracking software; long-term aging; fracture properties; moisture damage; RAP; rejuvenators; binders; flexible pavement; healing. The CD-ROM displays figures and illustrations in articles in full color along with a title screen and main menu screen. Each user can link to all papers from the Table of Contents and Author Index and also link to papers and front matter by using the global bookmarks which allow navigation of the entire CD-ROM from every article. Search features on the CD-ROM can be by full text including all key words, article title, author name, and session title. The CD-ROM has Autorun feature for Windows 2000 with Service Pack 4 or higher products along with the program for Adobe Acrobat Reader with Search 11.0. One year of technical support is included with your purchase of this product.
