Characterization of Fe-W Alloys Electrodeposited from Environmentally Friendly Electrolyte PDF Download
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Author:
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ISBN: 9789179052560
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789179052560
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Avinash Raj Kola
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corrosion and anti-corrosives
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
Tungsten (W) alloys, such as Ni-W, Co-W and Fe-W are well recognized for their outstanding corrosion resistance, wear resistance and catalytic properties towards hydrogen generation. Nickel-tungsten alloys also have the potential to act as barrier layers for applications in the semiconductor industries, to prevent intermetallic diffusion of the conducting metal (e.g. Cu, Au, Ag) into the substrate, e.g. Si. In addition, Ag-W alloys have been materials of interest as potential alternatives to replace more expensive Au interconnects in electronic packaging. Tungsten, unlike traditional metals, cannot be reduced into metallic form alone from its respective chemical salt, and requires the presence of certain inducing elements (e.g., Ni, Co, Fe) exhibiting an induced codeposition mechanism to form alloys of W. This mechanism is however is not well understood and has been the topic of investigation for over two decades. Electrodeposition of Ag-W alloys and Ag-Ni-W alloys is also not well investigated, and there is an absence of understanding about the mechanism of deposition in the absence of known inducing metals, Ni in this case. Also, commercially electrodeposited Ag and Au alloys are cyanide based electrolytes which is an environmental and health hazard. The objective of this research is to investigate the electrodeposition behavior of binary Ni-W, Ag-W and ternary Ag-Ni-W alloys from a cyanide free electrolyte. First, electrolyte deposition conditions; pH, applied current density, concentration of additives and temperature on the deposit composition and thickness of Ni-W thin films are examined. Electrolyte pH is a crucial variable, as it affects the metallic species present in the electrolyte. Increasing the electrolyte pH increases the W wt % in the alloy, while increasing the electrolyte temperature resulted in improved metal deposition rates, thereby increasing the deposit thickness, as characterized by XRF. The effect of additives: sodium gluconate, boric acid and 2-butyne-1,4-diol (BD), in the Ni-W electrolyte is examined using factorial design to increase the W wt % in the alloy, thickness and improve deposit appearance. Addition of boric acid is desirable to achieve uniform alloy composition, acting as a buffering agent. In the presence of BD, the Ni reaction rate is altered, depending on the electrolyte pH, and the presence of W ions in the electrolyte. Next, Ag-W thin film deposition as a function of W concentration and current density is investigated and a mechanism is presented. A high W wt % ~ 18 % was reported for the first time. Both concentration of W ions in the electrolyte and applied current density affected the alloy composition and surface morphology, as characterized by EDS/SEM. Increase in W ion concentration and current density increased the W wt % in the alloy and resulted in dendritic structures. An induced codeposition mechanism is believed to be responsible for the W deposition via a mixed-metal Ag-W intermediate. A first attempt on the electrodeposition behavior of ternary Ag-Ni-W alloy is presented. The presence of different Ni species in the electrolyte and its inducing effect on W deposition is investigated. Increase in Ni concentration in the electrolyte resulted in an increase in the Ni wt % in the alloy but did not increase the W wt % in the alloy, which is an interesting observation. An increase in concentration of citrate, a complexing agent, resulted in the formation of more stable Ni-Cit complex species, and resulted in decreased Ni wt % in the alloy. The applied current density and Ni concentration was found to have no distinguishable effect on the W deposition rates.
Author: Thangaraj Vairamuthu
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783838377100
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Electrodeposition of Zn-Fe group metal alloys were carried out by using three different deposition techniques such as DC, pulse plating and compositionally modulated multilayered coatings for superior corrosion protection. The structure of the deposits produced by all these techniques are bright, adherent, pore free and fine grained in nature. The structure of the deposits were characterized by different electrochemical techniques such as Tafel extrapolation, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky plot, cyclic voltammetry and stripping voltammetry. Surface morphology of the deposits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and EDAX. Pulse plated Zn-M alloys showed better corrosion resistance compare to direct current. However, CMMA coatings showed drastic improvement in their corrosion performance compare to both direct current (DC) and pulsed current (PC) technique. A small compositional change of sublayers brings a significant change in the phase structure of alloys, with the result CMMA coatings exhibits improved performances than monolithic alloys of constituting metals having same thickness.
Author: Abner Brenner
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483223116
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 735
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Book Description
Electrodeposition of Alloys: Principles and Practice, Volume I covers the general and theoretical aspects of the electrodeposition of alloy containing silver and/or copper. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 21 chapters. The first part considers first the history of electrodeposition, the applications of electrodeposited alloys, and the practical considerations involved in electrodeposition. This part also deals with the effect of operating variables on composition of electrodeposited alloys, and the physico-chemical properties of the alloy. The second part focuses on the theoretical aspects of alloy electrodeposition. This part includes discussions on the role of cathode diffusion layer, the effects of complexing agents, and the concept of alloy plating. The third part discusses the practical aspects of the electrodeposition of alloys, focusing primarily on the electrodeposition of alloys from aqueous solutions. This part examines first brass and bronze plating, followed by the electrodeposition of copper-tin, silver, and iron containing alloys. This book is directed toward electrochemists and researchers.
Author: Nosang Vincent Myung
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889631923
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Author: A. Călușaru
Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 572
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Book Description
Author: Jaw-Ching Kang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Author: Yuliy D. Gamburg
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441996699
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
The authors provide new insights into the theoretical and applied aspects of metal electrodeposition. The theory largely focuses on the electrochemistry of metals. Details on the practice discuss the selection and use of metal coatings, the technology of deposition of metals and alloys, including individual peculiarities, properties and structure of coatings, control and investigations. This book aims to acquaint advanced students and researchers with recent advances in electrodeposition while also being an excellent reference for the practical electrodeposition of metals and alloys.
Author: Mahmood Aliofkhazraei
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535111493
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
Surface engineering can be defined as an enabling technology used in a wide range of industrial activities. Surface engineering was founded by detecting surface features which destroy most of pieces, e.g. abrasion, corrosion, fatigue, and disruption; then it was recognized, more than ever, that most technological advancements are constrained with surface requirements. In a wide range of industry (such as gas and oil exploitation, mining, and manufacturing), the surfaces generate an important problem in technological advancement. Passing time shows us new interesting methods in surface engineering. These methods usually apply to enhance the surface properties, e.g. wear rate, fatigue, abrasion, and corrosion resistance. This book collects some of new methods in surface engineering.
Author: Magdalena Nuñez
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781594544569
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of electricity and the production of electricity by chemical reactions. In a world short of energy sources yet long on energy use, electrochemistry is a critical component of the mix necessary to keep the world economies growing. Electrochemistry is involved with such important applications as batteries, fuel cells, corrosion studies, hydrogen energy conversion, and bioelectricity. Research on electrolytes, cells, and electrodes is within the scope of this old but extremely dynamic field. This book details advances in metal electrodeposition.
