Author: Kajohnkiart Janebodin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were first isolated and characterized from human teeth and most studies have focused on using human DPSCs for dentin regeneration. However, mouse DPSCs have not been well characterized and their origin(s) have not yet been elucidated. I examined if murine DPSCs are neural crest derived and determined their in vitro and in vivo capacity. DPSCs from neonatal mice expressed embryonic stem cell and neural crest genes, but lacked expression of mesodermal genes. Cells isolated from the Wnt1-Cre/R26R-LacZ mouse, a reporter of neural crest-derived tissues, indicated that DPSCs were Wnt1-marked and therefore of neural crest origin. Clonal DPSCs showed multi-differentiation in neural crest lineage for odontoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, neurons, and smooth muscles. In vivo subcutaneous transplantation with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate, based on tissue/cell morphology and specific antibody staining, revealed that the clones differentiated into odontoblast-like cells and produced dentin/pulp-like structure. Conversely, femur-derived bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) gave rise to osteoblast-like cells and generated bone-like structure. Interestingly, the capillary distribution in the DPSC transplants showed close proximity to odontoblasts whereas in the BMSC transplants bone condensations were distant to capillaries resembling dentinogenesis in the former vs. osteogenesis in the latter. Loss of functional salivary gland causes patients' moribidities from difficulties in swallowing and speech, as well as oral diseases. Stem cell therapy is considered a potential therapeutic alternative. However, combinatory approaches including not only salivary gland stem cells but also supportive cells and appropriate extracellular matrix are necessary to form a functional salivary gland. Like tooth formation, the development of salivary gland requires epithelium interacting with neural crest-derived mesenchyme. I used the human salivary gland (HSG) cell line as a model to study the effects of DPSCs on salivary gland differentiation. In vitro differentiation on matrigel showed that HSG alone and HSG co-cultured with Wnt1-Cre/R26R-LacZ derived DPSCs (HSG+DPSC) differentiated into acinar-like structures. However, HSG formed more mature (higher expression of LAMP-1 and CD44), larger and increased numbers of acini in HSG+DPSC. Subcutaneous co-transplantation of HSG and DPSCs with hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels after 2 weeks was evaluated by Q-RT-PCR, morphology and immunohistology. Compared to HSG transplants which only showed undifferentiated tumor-like cells, HSG+DPSC demonstrated (1) higher expression of murine mesenchymal marker Fgf-7, (2) higher expression of mature human salivary gland differentiation marker alpha-amylase-1 (AMY-1), (3) higher expression of murine endothelial, vWF, neuronal, NF-200, and angiogenic markers, Vegfr-3 and Vegf-c, (4) mucin-secreting acinar- and duct-like structures with abundant blood vessels at the interface with DPSCs, and (5) more mature glandular structures double-positive for salivary gland differentiation markers CD44 and LAMP-1. These results indicate that DPSCs supported and enhanced HSG differentiation into functional salivary gland tissue. In addition, DPSCs have previously demonstrated potential pericyte-like topography and function. However, the mechanisms regulating their pericyte function are still yet to be elucidated. DPSC angiogenic and pericyte function were investigated Tie2-GFP derived dental pulp cells were negative for GFP driven by the endothelial Tie2 transgene, indicating an absence of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells co-cultured with DPSCs formed more mature in vitro tube-like structures as compared to those co-cultured with BMSCs. Many DPSCs were located adjacent to vascular tubes, suggesting a pericyte location and function. In vivo DPSCs subcutaneously transplanted in matrigel (MG) (DPSC-MG) induced more vessel formation than BMSC-MG. DPSCs expressed higher Vegfd, Vegfr3, EphrinB2 levels. Soluble Flt (sFlt), an angiogenic inhibitor that binds VEGF-A, significantly decreased the amount of blood vessels in DPSC-MG, but not in BMSC-MG. sFlt inhibited VEGFR2 and downstream ERK signaling and down-regulated Vegfa, Vegf receptors and EphrinB2 expression in DPSCs. Therefore, DPSC-induced angiogenesis is VEGF-dependent. DPSCs enhance angiogenesis by secreting VEGF-A, -C, -D and forming tight associations with vessels, resembling pericyte-like cells. Taken together, I demonstrate the existence of neural crest-derived DPSCs with differentiation capacity into cranial mesenchymal tissues and other neural crest-derived tissues. I also illustrate the potential of DPSCs as inductive mesenchyme for salivary gland regeneration, repair, and tissue engineering, and provide first insights into the mechanism(s) of DPSC angiogenic capacity and their function as pericytes. DPSCs hold promise as a stem cell source for regenerating neural crest derived tissues, and the trophic and angiogenic properties of DPSCs also highlight this stem cell source useful for tissue regeneration.
Author: Barbara Zavan
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 3319332996
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
This book focuses on the basic aspects of dental stem cells (DSCs) as well as their clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It opens with a discussion of classification, protocols, and properties of DSCs and proceeds to explore DSCs within the contexts of cryopreservation; epigenetics; pulp, periodontal, tooth, bone, and corneal stroma regeneration; neuronal properties, mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials; and as sources of hepatocytes for liver disease treatment. The fifteen expertly authored chapters comprehensively examine possible applications of DSCs and provide invaluable insights into mechanisms of growth and differentiation. Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential draws from a wealth of international perspectives and is an essential addition to the developing literature on dental stem cells. This installment of Springer’s Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series is indispensable for biomedical researchers interested in bioengineering, dentistry, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cell biology and oncology.
Author: Sibel Yildirim
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146145686X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
Stem cell technology is moving forward at a tremendous rate. Recent discoveries have surprised even the most expert researchers. While every piece of new data broadens the current knowledge and contributes to this moving forward, the new data also serve as paradigm shifters of fundamental knowledge of cell biology. While the question ‘What is a Stem Cell’ may now seem to basic to even discuss, there are still some discrepancies, however, between groups in terms of their functional roles. Teeth develop from the ectoderm of the first branchial arch and the ectomesenchyme of the neural crest. Deciduous teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth weeks, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth weeks. Several studies have demonstrated that the pulp from both adult teeth and deciduous teeth contains dental pulp stem cells. Several factors have made them very attractive as a model system for many researchers; they are multipotent, ethically and non-controversially available in large numbers, immuno-compatible, developmentally primitive, easy to isolate and have high expansion potential in vitro. However, many controversies still exist in the field. There are several unanswered questions in the biology of dental pulp and odontoblasts. This new volume in the SpringerBriefs in Stem Cells series presents an evaluation of stem cells from human dental pulp as a reliable stem cell source for cell-based therapy to stimulate tissue regeneration.
Author: Mona Marei
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031025814
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Dental caries, periodontitis, tooth loss, and bone resorption are considered prevalent health problems that have direct affect on the quality of life. While, advances in stem cell biology and biotechnology have sparked hope for devastating maladies, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc., it also provides a strategy of regenerative therapy for dental tissues. From the prospective of tissue engineering, it is of utmost importance to understand and emulate the complex cell interactions that make up a tissue or organ. Unlike other tissues in the body, dental tissues are unique in their development, function, and even in their maintenance throughout life. The harmonized stimulations of biology and mechanical regulators to promote cellular activities have matured our understanding of the value of regenerative therapy of dental tissue versus the reparative treatment. In this book, we review the current knowledge available to regenerate alveolar bone, periodontal structure, and pulp/dentin complex. The book provides researchers with detailed information about development and functional characteristics of the dental unit with detailed protocols covering a comprehensive range of various approaches to engineer dental tissues: to use isolated cells or cell substitutes as cellular replacement, to use acellular biomaterials capable of inducing tissue regeneration, and/or to use a combination of cells, biomaterial and growth factors. We are well aware, with the concept changes in the field toward in-vitro biomimetics of in-vivo tissue development. The theoretical frame work integrating these concepts of developmental biology and developmental engineering is yet to be emphasized and implemented. Until this happens, we consider this book of regenerative dentistry as a call for scientists to achieve, researchers to innovate, practitioners to apply, and students to learn the art and science of regenerative therapy in dentistry. Table of Contents: Introduction to Regenerative Dentistry / Tissue Engineering Alveolar Bone / Tissue Engineering of the Periodontal Tissues / Dynamics for Pulp-Dentin Tissue Engineering in Operative Dentistry
Author: Chi Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) play an integral role during dentine injury where they migrate towards the injury site, proliferate, differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and secrete a mineralised matrix, protecting the vital pulp tissue and preserving the tooth organ. Dentine matrix proteins (DMP) may have a role in stimulating this reparative dentine formation. Multiple adult stem cells make up the DPSC population. Within this study progenitor cells were isolated from dental pulp by preferential fibronectin adherence (FNA) or using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) to isolate P75 expressing neural crest cells. Clonally expanded colonies were established. The proliferative FNA and P75-sorted populations were shown to be distinct progenitors with differing morphology and stem cell marker expression. One FNA clonal population was differentiated into mesenchymal lineages that established it as a multipotent DPSC population. Clonal populations were supplemented with DMP in vitro to examine the potential role of DMP in modulating cell behaviour during dentine injury. Supplementing with DMP had a dose dependent response on DPSC viability, increased cell numbers,reduced apoptosis and promoted cell migration, suggesting that the growth factors in DMP may have a positive synergistic effect on DPSC behaviour. Fluorescently stained DPSCs were microinjected into transverse tooth slices and placed in culture to develop an ex vivo model to study DPSC behaviour in a tooth environment. Injected cells remained viable after 7 days of culture, providing proof of concept data that DPSCs can be localised for study in situ. This thesis was successful in the isolation of clonal populations representing progenitor cells with different characteristics. Supplementing DPSCs with DMP promoted cell behaviour facilitating reparative dentinogenesis, indicating a potential clinical application for DMP in restorative therapy. The study of DPSCs using the ex vivo model will be important in further development of these novel therapies for dental tissue regeneration.
Author: Maya Sieber-Blum
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814343803
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
Offers readers an understanding of the development of neural crest cells, which is crucial as many birth defects and tumours are of neural crest origin. Delving into stem cells from different locations of the body, this book explores the best possible source of such cells for the use in medical applications.
Author: Phuc Van Pham
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319401440
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
This invaluable resource discusses clinical applications with effects and side-effects of applications of stem cells in bone and cartilage regeneration. Each chapter is contributed by a pre-eminent scientist in the field and covers such topics as skeletal regeneration by mesenchymal stem cells, clinical improvement of mesenchymal stem cell injection in injured cartilage and osteoarthritis, Good manufacturing practice (GMP), minimal critera of stem cells for clinical applications, future directions of the discussed therapies and much more. Bone & Cartilage Regeneration and the other books in the Stem Cells in Clinical Applications series will be invaluable to scientists, researchers, advanced students and clinicians working in stem cells, regenerative medicine or tissue engineering.
Author: Phuc Van Pham
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535136151
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Isolation, Characterization, and Applications thoroughly presents the isolation, characterization, and some applications of mesenchymal stem cells in the clinic. The book has two parts: "Isolation and Characterization" and "Clinical Perspectives and Applications." In Part I, the subsequent chapters introduce some techniques in isolation, characterization, and purification of mesenchymal stem cells in different tissues. In Part II, some applications of mesenchymal stem cells in the popular diseases, which include cartilage regeneration, spinal cord injury, and osteoarthritis, are discussed. This book provides a succinct yet comprehensive overview of mesenchymal stem cells for advanced students, graduate students, and researchers.
Author: Rosario Pignatello
Publisher: IntechOpen
ISBN: 9789533076096
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
These contribution books collect reviews and original articles from eminent experts working in the interdisciplinary arena of biomaterial development and use. From their direct and recent experience, the readers can achieve a wide vision on the new and ongoing potentials of different synthetic and engineered biomaterials. Contributions were not selected based on a direct market or clinical interest, than on results coming from very fundamental studies which have been mainly gathered for this book. This fact will also allow to gain a more general view of what and how the various biomaterials can do and work for, along with the methodologies necessary to design, develop and characterize them, without the restrictions necessarily imposed by industrial or profit concerns. The book collects 22 chapters related to recent researches on new materials, particularly dealing with their potential and different applications in biomedicine and clinics: from tissue engineering to polymeric scaffolds, from bone mimetic products to prostheses, up to strategies to manage their interaction with living cells.
Author: Imad About
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030809323
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
This book is a comprehensive guide to BiodentineTM, an innovative biocompatible and bioactive material based on pure tricalcium silicate that can permanently replace dentin and can also serve as a temporary enamel substitute. Although BiodentineTM has been widely used across the world for the past decade, this is the first book to be devoted to its properties, interactions with the soft and hard tissues, and its multiple clinical applications. The coverage encompasses applications in primary and permanent teeth, in specialties as diverse as restorative dentistry, endodontics, paediatric dentistry, dental traumatology, and prosthetic dentistry. BiodentineTM application both in vital pulp therapy and endodontic procedures is illustrated and clinical step by step protocols are provided. The book provides a detailed update on BiodentineTM use to preserve the pulp vitality in direct/indirect pulp capping, pulpotomy and irreversible pulpitis treatment. It also details BiodentineTM use for non-vital teeth treatment in indications such as root/furcation perforation repair, apexification as well as in regenerative endodontic procedures. BiodentineTM: Properties and Clinical Applications will be a rich source of guidance and information for all dentists as well as dental students and academics.
