Author: Eugene Fink
Publisher: Physica
ISBN: 3790817740
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
The purpose of our research is to enhance the efficiency of AI problem solvers by automating representation changes. We have developed a system that improves the description of input problems and selects an appropriate search algorithm for each given problem. Motivation. Researchers have accumulated much evidence on the impor tance of appropriate representations for the efficiency of AI systems. The same problem may be easy or difficult, depending on the way we describe it and on the search algorithm we use. Previous work on the automatic im provement of problem descriptions has mostly been limited to the design of individual learning algorithms. The user has traditionally been responsible for the choice of algorithms appropriate for a given problem. We present a system that integrates multiple description-changing and problem-solving algorithms. The purpose of the reported work is to formalize the concept of representation and to confirm the following hypothesis: An effective representation-changing system can be built from three parts: • a library of problem-solving algorithms; • a library of algorithms that improve problem descriptions; • a control module that selects algorithms for each given problem.
Author: Donald A. Sylvan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521622936
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
This volume explains the representation of a problem as well as the choice among specified options for its solution.
Author: D. Paul Benjamin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461315239
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
Change of Representation and Inductive Bias One of the most important emerging concerns of machine learning researchers is the dependence of their learning programs on the underlying representations, especially on the languages used to describe hypotheses. The effectiveness of learning algorithms is very sensitive to this choice of language; choosing too large a language permits too many possible hypotheses for a program to consider, precluding effective learning, but choosing too small a language can prohibit a program from being able to find acceptable hypotheses. This dependence is not just a pitfall, however; it is also an opportunity. The work of Saul Amarel over the past two decades has demonstrated the effectiveness of representational shift as a problem-solving technique. An increasing number of machine learning researchers are building programs that learn to alter their language to improve their effectiveness. At the Fourth Machine Learning Workshop held in June, 1987, at the University of California at Irvine, it became clear that the both the machine learning community and the number of topics it addresses had grown so large that the representation issue could not be discussed in sufficient depth. A number of attendees were particularly interested in the related topics of constructive induction, problem reformulation, representation selection, and multiple levels of abstraction. Rob Holte, Larry Rendell, and I decided to hold a workshop in 1988 to discuss these topics. To keep this workshop small, we decided that participation be by invitation only.
Author:
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136943994
Category : Interaction analysis in education
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
Within an increasingly multimedia focused society, the use of external representations in learning, teaching and communication has increased dramatically. This book explores: how we can theorise the relationship between processing internal and external representations.
Author: Jiang Lifu
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA
ISBN: 1649973993
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
Climate change fiction to some extent is all about the imagination and representation of the dark Anthropocene, which demonstrates writers’ concerns and anxieties of the predicament humanity might face resulting from dramatic climate change. This book selects and delves into some most crucial climate change novels analyzing how climate change and its consequences are imagined and represented by Western writers from the perspective of risks, community, imagology in the phase of Anthropocene 3.0.
Author: Michael Öllinger
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288945519X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Insight and intuition might be the most mysterious and fascinating fields of human thinking and problem solving. They are different from standard and analytical problem solving accounts and provide the basis for creative and innovative thinking. Until now they were investigated in separate academic fields with differing tradition. Therefore, this eBook attempts to bridge the gap between both processes and to provide a more integrated perspective. Several experts address the underlying cognitive processes and provide a broad spectrum of new empirical, theoretical, and methodological insights.
Author: David Klahr
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262111140
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
Cognitive psychologists have found the production systems class of computer simulation models to be one of the most direct ways to cast complex theories of human intelligence. There have been many scattered studies on production systems since they were first proposed as computational models of human problem-solving behavior by Allen Newell some twenty years ago, but this is the first book to focus exclusively on these important models of human cognition, collecting and giving many of the best examples of current research. In the first chapter, Robert Neches, Pat Langley, and David Klahr provide an overview of the fundamental issues involved in using production systems as a medium for theorizing about cognitive processes, emphasizing their theoretical power. The remaining chapters take up learning by doing and learning by understanding, discrimination learning, learning through incremental refinement, learning by chunking, procedural earning, and learning by composition. A model of cognitive development called BAIRN is described, and a final chapter reviews John Anderson's ACT theory and discusses how it can be used in intelligent tutoring systems, including one that teaches LISP programming skills. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Yuichiro Anzai (Hokkaido University, Japan), Paul Rosenbloom (Stanford) and Allen Newell (Carnegie-Mellon), Stellan Ohlsson (University of Pittsburgh), Clayton Lewis (University of Colorado, Boulder), Iain Wallace and Kevin Bluff (Deakon University, Australia), and John Anderson (Carnegie-Mellon). David Klahr is Professor and Head of the Department of Psychology at Carnegie-Mellon University. Pat Langley is Associate Professor, Department ofInformation and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, and Robert Neches is Research Computer Scientist at University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute. "Production System Models of Learning and Development" is included in the series Computational Models of Cognition and Perception, edited by Jerome A. Feldman, Patrick J. Hayes, and David E.Rumelhart. A Bradford Book.
Author: Melvin Shakun
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400918240
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
This book focuses on negotiation processes and how negotiation modeling frameworks and information technology can support these. A modeling framework for negotiation as a purposeful complex adaptive process is presented and computer-implemented in the first three chapters. Two game-theoretic contributions use non-cooperative games in extensive form and a computer-implemented graph model for conflict resolution, respectively. Two chapters use the negotiators' joint utility distribution to provide problem structure and computer support. A chapter on cognitive support uses restructurable modeling as a framework. One chapter matches information technologies with negotiation tasks. Another develops computer support based on preference programming. Two final chapters develop a stakeholder approach to support system evaluation, and a research framework for them, respectively. Negotiation Processes: Modeling Frameworks and Information Technology will be of interest to researchers and students in the areas of negotiation, group decision/negotiation support systems and management science, as well as to practising negotiators interested in this technology.
Author: J. Michael Spector
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136277366
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Book Description
Learning, Problem Solving, and Mindtools is inspired by the substantial body of learning research by David H. Jonassen in the areas of mind tools and problem solving. The focus of the volume is on educational technology, especially with regard to how new technologies have facilitated and supported problem solving and critical thinking. Each chapter focuses on a particular aspect of learning with technology and elaborates the implications for the design and implementation of learning environments and activities aimed at improving the conceptualization of problems, reasoning and higher-order thinking, and solving challenging problems. This collection of scholarly essays provides a highly engaging treatment of using tools and technologies to improve problem solving; multiple perspectives on integrating educational technology to support learning in complex and challenging problem solving domains; guidance for the design of instruction to support problem solving; a systemic account of the relationships between mental models, instructional models, and assessment models; and a look into the future of educational technology research and practice.
Author: Michael W. Eysenck
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1134440464
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 761
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Book Description
Previous editions have established this best-selling student handbook as THE cognitive psychology textbook of choice, both for its academic rigour and its accessibility. This sixth edition continues this tradition. It has been substantially updated and revised to reflect new developments in the field (especially within cognitive neuroscience). Traditional approaches are combined with the cutting-edge cognitive neuroscience approach to create a comprehensive, coherent and totally up-to-date overview of all the main fields in cognitive psychology. The major topics covered include perception, attention, memory, concepts, language, problem solving, and reasoning, as well as some applied topics such as everyday memory. New to this edition: Presented in full-colour throughout, with numerous colour illustrations including photographs and brain scans Increased emphasis on cognitive neuroscience, to reflect its growing influence on cognitive psychology A NEW chapter on Cognition and Emotion A WHOLE chapter on Consciousness Increased coverage of applied topics such as recovered memories, medical expertise, informal reasoning, and emotion regulation incorporated throughout the textbook More focus on individual differences in areas including long-term memory, expertise, reasoning, emotion and regulation. The textbook is packed full of useful features that will engage students and aid revision, including key terms, which are new to this edition, chapter summaries, and suggestions for further reading. Written by one of the leading textbook authors in psychology, this thorough and user-friendly textbook will continue to be essential reading for all undergraduate students of psychology. Those taking courses in computer science, education, linguistics, physiology, and medicine will also find it an invaluable resource. This edition is accompanied by a rich array of supplementary materials, which will be made available to qualifying adopters completely free of charge. The online multimedia materials include: A PowerPoint lecture course and multiple-choice question test bank A unique Student Learning Program: an interactive revision program incorporating a range of multimedia resources including interactive exercises and demonstrations, and active reference links to journal articles.
