Cesarean Section

Cesarean Section PDF Author: Jacqueline H. Wolf
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
ISBN: 1421438119
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 331

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Book Description
Why have cesarean sections become so commonplace in the United States? Between 1965 and 1987, the cesarean section rate in the United States rose precipitously—from 4.5 percent to 25 percent of births. By 2009, one in three births was by cesarean, a far higher number than the 5–10% rate that the World Health Organization suggests is optimal. While physicians largely avoided cesareans through the mid-twentieth century, by the early twenty-first century, cesarean section was the most commonly performed surgery in the country. Although the procedure can be lifesaving, how—and why—did it become so ubiquitous? Cesarean Section is the first book to chronicle this history. In exploring the creation of the complex social, cultural, economic, and medical factors leading to the surgery's increase, Jacqueline H. Wolf describes obstetricians' reliance on assorted medical technologies that weakened the skills they had traditionally employed to foster vaginal birth. She also reflects on an unsettling malpractice climate—prompted in part by a raft of dubious diagnoses—that helped to legitimize "defensive medicine," and a health care system that ensured cesarean birth would be more lucrative than vaginal birth. In exaggerating the risks of vaginal birth, doctors and patients alike came to view cesareans as normal and, increasingly, as essential. Sweeping change in women's lives beginning in the 1970s cemented this markedly different approach to childbirth. Wolf examines the public health effects of a high cesarean rate and explains how the language of reproductive choice has been used to discourage debate about cesareans and the risks associated with the surgery. Drawing on data from nineteenth- and early twentieth-century obstetric logs to better represent the experience of cesarean surgery for women of all classes and races, as well as interviews with obstetricians who have performed cesareans and women who have given birth by cesarean, Cesarean Section is the definitive history of the use of this surgical procedure and its effects on women's and children's health in the United States.

Cesarean Section

Cesarean Section PDF Author: Jacqueline H. Wolf
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
ISBN: 1421438119
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 331

Get Book Here

Book Description
Why have cesarean sections become so commonplace in the United States? Between 1965 and 1987, the cesarean section rate in the United States rose precipitously—from 4.5 percent to 25 percent of births. By 2009, one in three births was by cesarean, a far higher number than the 5–10% rate that the World Health Organization suggests is optimal. While physicians largely avoided cesareans through the mid-twentieth century, by the early twenty-first century, cesarean section was the most commonly performed surgery in the country. Although the procedure can be lifesaving, how—and why—did it become so ubiquitous? Cesarean Section is the first book to chronicle this history. In exploring the creation of the complex social, cultural, economic, and medical factors leading to the surgery's increase, Jacqueline H. Wolf describes obstetricians' reliance on assorted medical technologies that weakened the skills they had traditionally employed to foster vaginal birth. She also reflects on an unsettling malpractice climate—prompted in part by a raft of dubious diagnoses—that helped to legitimize "defensive medicine," and a health care system that ensured cesarean birth would be more lucrative than vaginal birth. In exaggerating the risks of vaginal birth, doctors and patients alike came to view cesareans as normal and, increasingly, as essential. Sweeping change in women's lives beginning in the 1970s cemented this markedly different approach to childbirth. Wolf examines the public health effects of a high cesarean rate and explains how the language of reproductive choice has been used to discourage debate about cesareans and the risks associated with the surgery. Drawing on data from nineteenth- and early twentieth-century obstetric logs to better represent the experience of cesarean surgery for women of all classes and races, as well as interviews with obstetricians who have performed cesareans and women who have given birth by cesarean, Cesarean Section is the definitive history of the use of this surgical procedure and its effects on women's and children's health in the United States.

National Vital Statistics Reports

National Vital Statistics Reports PDF Author: National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mortality
Languages : en
Pages : 442

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Book Description
This periodical publishes birth, death, marriage, and divorce provisional statistics for the United States.

Births in the United States, 2013

Births in the United States, 2013 PDF Author: Joyce A. Martin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cesarean section
Languages : en
Pages : 10

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Book Description


Not of Woman Born

Not of Woman Born PDF Author: Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501740482
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 217

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Book Description
"Not of woman born, the Fortunate, the Unborn"—the terms designating those born by Caesarean section in medieval and Renaissance Europe were mysterious and ambiguous. Examining representations of Caesarean birth in legend and art and tracing its history in medical writing, Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski addresses the web of religious, ethical, and cultural questions concerning abdominal delivery in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Not of Woman Born increases our understanding of the history of the medical profession, of medical iconography, and of ideas surrounding "unnatural" childbirth. Blumenfeld-Kosinski compares texts and visual images in order to trace the evolution of Caesarean birth as it was perceived by the main actors involved—pregnant women, medical practitioners, and artistic or literary interpreters. Bringing together medical treatises and texts as well as hitherto unexplored primary sources such as manuscript illuminations, she provides a fresh perspective on attitudes toward pregnancy and birth in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance; the meaning and consequences of medieval medicine for women as both patients and practitioners, and the professionalization of medicine. She discusses writings on Caesarean birth from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, when Church Councils ordered midwives to perform the operation if a mother died during childbirth in order that the child might be baptized; to the fourteenth century, when the first medical text, Bernard of Gordon's Lilium medicinae, mentioned the operation; up to the gradual replacement of midwives by male surgeons in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Not of Woman Born offers the first close analysis of Frarnois Rousset's 1581 treatise on the operation as an example of sixteenth-century medical discourse. It also considers the ambiguous nature of Caesarean birth, drawing on accounts of such miraculous examples as the birth of the Antichrist. An appendix reviews the complex etymological history of the term "Caesarean section." Richly interdisciplinary, Not of Woman Born will enliven discussions of the controversial issues surrounding Caesarean delivery today. Medical, social, and cultural historians interested in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, historians, literary scholars, midwives, obstetricians, nurses, and others concerned with women's history will want to read it.

National Vital Statistics Reports

National Vital Statistics Reports PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : United States
Languages : en
Pages : 658

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Statistical Abstract of the United States 1999

Statistical Abstract of the United States 1999 PDF Author: Hoover's Incorporated
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780160427787
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1034

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Book Description
119th edition. Provides tables and graphs of statistics on the social, political, and economic conditions of the United States. Each section has an introductory text. Each table and graph has a source note. Appendix 1 includes guides to sources of statistics, State statistical abstracts, and foreign statistical abstracts.

Sociology of Sexualities

Sociology of Sexualities PDF Author: Kathleen J. Fitzgerald
Publisher: SAGE Publications
ISBN: 1544370644
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 441

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Book Description
"Sociology of Sexualities is regarded as the most comprehensive text to approach the study of sexuality from a sociological perspective. Drawing on the most up-to-date social scientific research on sexuality, it discusses fundamental concepts in the field and helps students integrate knowledge about sexuality into their larger understanding of society"--

Statistical Abstract of the United States

Statistical Abstract of the United States PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : United States
Languages : en
Pages : 1010

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Statistical Abstract of the United States

Statistical Abstract of the United States PDF Author: Claitor's Publishing Division
Publisher: Claitor's Pub Division
ISBN: 9781579805975
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 1026

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Book Description


Statistical Abstract of the United States 1997

Statistical Abstract of the United States 1997 PDF Author: United States Department of Commerce
Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9780160492808
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1044

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Book Description