Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements with Arterial Spin Labelling in a Tri-ethnic Population Cohort: Associations of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and MR Imaging Markers of Brain Ageing PDF Download
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Author: Lorna A. Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 690
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Book Description
Differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) have been identified between older individuals in good cognitive health and those experiencing cognitive decline and dementia. Previous studies have shown that the aetiology of dementia includes a substantial vascular component and there is evidence that CBF decline in old age may be linked to cardiovascular disease. Although the incidence, prevalence and impact of vascular risk varies by ethnicity and gender, many previous studies have focused on participants of white European origin or have pooled ethnically diverse samples, while differences between sexes have been under-investigated. This thesis used arterial spin labelling (ASL) to measure cortical CBF in an elderly tri-ethnic population cohort and examined its relationship with vascular risk and the brain ageing markers of cortical volume and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Chapter 4 showed that use of the currently recommended mean haematocrit (Hct) value in equations that calculate CBF from ASL underestimated CBF in women and non-European ethnicities. The alternative method of substituting individually measured Hct into the equation was implemented in the following chapters. Results from Chapter 5 indicated that increased vascular risk factors were associated with lower CBF, but these relationships varied by ethnicity and sex. Ethnicity and sex also modified the strength of associations of increased vascular risk with decreased cortical tissue volume and increased volume of WMHs examined in Chapter 6. However, there was no evidence of any association of CBF with the MRI markers of brain ageing.
Author: Lorna A. Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 690
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Book Description
Differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) have been identified between older individuals in good cognitive health and those experiencing cognitive decline and dementia. Previous studies have shown that the aetiology of dementia includes a substantial vascular component and there is evidence that CBF decline in old age may be linked to cardiovascular disease. Although the incidence, prevalence and impact of vascular risk varies by ethnicity and gender, many previous studies have focused on participants of white European origin or have pooled ethnically diverse samples, while differences between sexes have been under-investigated. This thesis used arterial spin labelling (ASL) to measure cortical CBF in an elderly tri-ethnic population cohort and examined its relationship with vascular risk and the brain ageing markers of cortical volume and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Chapter 4 showed that use of the currently recommended mean haematocrit (Hct) value in equations that calculate CBF from ASL underestimated CBF in women and non-European ethnicities. The alternative method of substituting individually measured Hct into the equation was implemented in the following chapters. Results from Chapter 5 indicated that increased vascular risk factors were associated with lower CBF, but these relationships varied by ethnicity and sex. Ethnicity and sex also modified the strength of associations of increased vascular risk with decreased cortical tissue volume and increased volume of WMHs examined in Chapter 6. However, there was no evidence of any association of CBF with the MRI markers of brain ageing.
Author: Ciwen Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) is one family of perfusion-weighted contrast imaging techniques of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) that measures cerebral blood flow by labeling spins in arterial blood with inversion and then waiting for a certain period of time for the labeled arterial blood to enter the imaging plane, and then acquiring MR image at the image plane. In compare with PET, ASL is a noninvasive new technology. But as a new technology, it is not very commonly used because of the relatively low signal to noise ratio, less robust mechanism, and more important, there is no standard for clinical applications. One goal of this study is to find out the optimal imaging processing way and parameters for ASL processing. The other goal is to find the relationship between CBF and age. There are 173 subjects, with 107 female subjects and 66 male subjects. Pseudo-continuous ASL (PCASL) was used as labeling sequence and multi-slice single shot 2D Echo-planar imaging (EPI) was used as MR image acquisition sequence. 40 pairs of control-labeled images were taken in order to increase signal to noise ratio. An MPRAGE T1 image was taken for each subject as brain structure reference. Label duration = 1650ms; post label delay = 1525ms; TR = 4260ms or 4210.8ms; TE=14ms. EPI factor = 35ms. Voxel size = 3x3x5 mm; FOV = 240x240x145 mm; slice number = 29. FSL which is a MRI image processing tool developed by Oxford was used in imaging processing. dcm2nii was used for DICOM to NIFTY conversion. MCFLIRT was used for motion correction. Trilinear interpolation was used in MCFLIRT. In spatial smoothing, a 3D Gaussian kernel with FWHM = 6mm was used. In M0 magnetization baseline calculation, the average magnetization of the whole brain of mean control image was used, so that the T1 recovery time was assumed to be the time from labeling to image acquisition of the middle slice (15th slice). The longitudinal relaxation time of blood was used as T1 value of the tissue. In Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) calculation, also the longitudinal relaxation time of blood was used as T1 value of the tissue. A threshold of 0-300 was used on the CBF map. Voxels below 0 was assigned 0, and above 300 was assigned 300. CBF map was first co-registered on the T1 structural image of the same subject, and then, with the help of the high resolution T1, CBF map was normalized on MNI152 template. Relative CBF map was calculated by dividing the value of each voxel by the mean value of the whole brain CBF. The voxelwise analysis results (p
Author: Michael Brainin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107047498
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
Fully revised throughout, the new edition of this concise textbook is aimed at doctors preparing to specialize in stroke care.
Author: Judith M. Rumsey
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139476750
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 473
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Book Description
Modern neuroimaging offers tremendous opportunities for gaining insights into normative development and a wide array of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on ontogeny, this text covers basic processes involved in both healthy and atypical maturation, and also addresses the range of neuroimaging techniques most widely used for studying children. This book will enable you to understand normative structural and functional brain maturation and the mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes; become familiar with current knowledge and hypotheses concerning the neural bases of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders; and learn about neuroimaging techniques, including their unique strengths and limitations. Coverage includes normal developmental processes, atypical processing in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, ethical issues, neuroimaging techniques and their integration with psychopharmacologic and molecular genetic research approaches, and future directions. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and radiologists concerned with normal development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
Author: James Parkinson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Parkinson's disease
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Author: Robert W. Thatcher
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
Examines the subject of neuroimaging of the human brain. This volume is divided into four sections: imaging of structural development; imaging of perceptual and cognitive development; imaging of abnormal development; and imaging of brain-behaviour relationships.
Author: A Joseph Layon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447152263
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 982
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Book Description
This updated and refined new edition is the only book to provide a comprehensive approach to the intensive care of neurologically injured patients from the emergency room and ICU through the operating room and post-surgical period. It reviews neuroanatomy, neuroradiology, and neurophysiology, examines the neurological problems most frequently seen in intensive care, and describes the various types of neurosurgery. General issues are discussed, such as cardiac care, fluids and electrolytes, nutrition, and monitoring as well as more specific conditions and complications including elevated intracranial pressure, seizures, and altered mental states.
Author: National Defense University Press
Publisher: NDU Press
ISBN: 1907521658
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 529
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Book Description
Includes a foreword by Major General David A. Rubenstein. From the editor: "71F, or "71 Foxtrot," is the AOC (area of concentration) code assigned by the U.S. Army to the specialty of Research Psychology. Qualifying as an Army research psychologist requires, first of all, a Ph.D. from a research (not clinical) intensive graduate psychology program. Due to their advanced education, research psychologists receive a direct commission as Army officers in the Medical Service Corps at the rank of captain. In terms of numbers, the 71F AOC is a small one, with only 25 to 30 officers serving in any given year. However, the 71F impact is much bigger than this small cadre suggests. Army research psychologists apply their extensive training and expertise in the science of psychology and social behavior toward understanding, preserving, and enhancing the health, well being, morale, and performance of Soldiers and military families. As is clear throughout the pages of this book, they do this in many ways and in many areas, but always with a scientific approach. This is the 71F advantage: applying the science of psychology to understand the human dimension, and developing programs, policies, and products to benefit the person in military operations. This book grew out of the April 2008 biennial conference of U.S. Army Research Psychologists, held in Bethesda, Maryland. This meeting was to be my last as Consultant to the Surgeon General for Research Psychology, and I thought it would be a good idea to publish proceedings, which had not been done before. As Consultant, I'd often wished for such a document to help explain to people what it is that Army Research Psychologists "do for a living." In addition to our core group of 71Fs, at the Bethesda 2008 meeting we had several brand-new members, and a number of distinguished retirees, the "grey-beards" of the 71F clan. Together with longtime 71F colleagues Ross Pastel and Mark Vaitkus, I also saw an unusual opportunity to capture some of the history of the Army Research Psychology specialty while providing a representative sample of current 71F research and activities. It seemed to us especially important to do this at a time when the operational demands on the Army and the total force were reaching unprecedented levels, with no sign of easing, and with the Army in turn relying more heavily on research psychology to inform its programs for protecting the health, well being, and performance of Soldiers and their families."
Author: Maria Assunta Cova
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319998226
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 498
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Book Description
This book addresses all pain imaging aspects related to both the central nervous system and the body (thorax, abdomen and pelvis), thus updating the international literature on the topic. By adopting a clinical-radiological approach and offering a comprehensive differential diagnosis for a number of painful syndromes (many of which can mimic one other), the work aims to support and enhance the diagnostic management of these patients, suggesting the most appropriate diagnostic algorithm. The book is divided into separate sections for each anatomical macro-area, and the chapters cover the respective topics from both clinical and radiological perspectives. Further, the book includes extensive electronic supplementary material. As such, it offers an invaluable tool for radiologists, neuroradiologists and clinicians working in internal medicine, surgery and neurology, and could also be used in residency programs for these groups.
Author: Robert W. Brown
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471720852
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 976
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Book Description
New edition explores contemporary MRI principles and practices Thoroughly revised, updated and expanded, the second edition of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design remains the preeminent text in its field. Using consistent nomenclature and mathematical notations throughout all the chapters, this new edition carefully explains the physical principles of magnetic resonance imaging design and implementation. In addition, detailed figures and MR images enable readers to better grasp core concepts, methods, and applications. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Second Edition begins with an introduction to fundamental principles, with coverage of magnetization, relaxation, quantum mechanics, signal detection and acquisition, Fourier imaging, image reconstruction, contrast, signal, and noise. The second part of the text explores MRI methods and applications, including fast imaging, water-fat separation, steady state gradient echo imaging, echo planar imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and induced magnetism. Lastly, the text discusses important hardware issues and parallel imaging. Readers familiar with the first edition will find much new material, including: New chapter dedicated to parallel imaging New sections examining off-resonance excitation principles, contrast optimization in fast steady-state incoherent imaging, and efficient lower-dimension analogues for discrete Fourier transforms in echo planar imaging applications Enhanced sections pertaining to Fourier transforms, filter effects on image resolution, and Bloch equation solutions when both rf pulse and slice select gradient fields are present Valuable improvements throughout with respect to equations, formulas, and text New and updated problems to test further the readers' grasp of core concepts Three appendices at the end of the text offer review material for basic electromagnetism and statistics as well as a list of acquisition parameters for the images in the book. Acclaimed by both students and instructors, the second edition of Magnetic Resonance Imaging offers the most comprehensive and approachable introduction to the physics and the applications of magnetic resonance imaging.
