California's Ozone-reduction Strategy for Light-duty Vehicles PDF Download
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Author: Lloyd S. Dixon
Publisher: RAND Corporation
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Sheds light on a strategy to reduce emissions from passenger cars and trucks.
Author: Lloyd S. Dixon
Publisher: RAND Corporation
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Sheds light on a strategy to reduce emissions from passenger cars and trucks.
Author: Lloyd S. Dixon
Publisher: RAND Corporation
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
Economic costs and environmental effects are analyzed for California's multi-pronged strategy for reducing emissions from passenger cars and light-duty trucks, vehicles that are believed to account for a substantial fraction of ozone-producing emissions across the state. The study analyzes costs, emissions effects, effects on vehicle markets, and the distribution of costs for regulations. These regulations include those concerning new gasoline-powered vehicles only, others affecting both new and existing gasoline-powered vehicles, and also the extremely controversial zero-emission vehicle mandate. The study considers policy choice in the face of extreme uncertainty about the effects of several policy elements, particularly the scrappage program, enhanced vehicle inspection and maintenance, on-board emission diagnostic systems, and the zero-emission vehicle mandate. The zero-emission vehicle mandate poses major economic and environmental risks but there are also major risks to repealing the mandate altogether. The study concludes by suggesting principles for making zero-emission vehicle policy in the face a extreme uncertainty about the development of technology for battery-powered electric vehicles and the future effectiveness of policies to control emissions from gasoline vehicles.
Author: Lloyd S. Dixon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309064457
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
The Committee on Ozone-Forming Potential for Reformulated Gasoline was asked whether the existing body of scientific and technical information is sufficient to permit a robust evaluation and comparison of the emissions from motor vehicles using different reformulated gasolines based on their ozone-forming potentials and to assess the concomitant impact of that approach on air-quality benefits of the use of oxygenates within the RFG program. As part of its charge, the committee was asked to consider (1) the technical soundness of various approaches for evaluating and comparing the relative ozone-forming potentials of RFG blends, (2) technical aspects of various air-quality issues related to RFG assessment, and (3) the sensitivity of evaluations of the relative ozone-forming potentials to factors related to fuel properties and the variability of vehicle technologies and driving patterns.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Author: Lloyd S. Dixon
Publisher: RAND Corporation
ISBN: 9780833029690
Category : Air quality management
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This report analyzes the effects of an innovative and controversial program--voluntary accelerated vehicle retirement--that is part of California's plan for complying with federal clean-air standards by the required date of 2010. Under this program, whose implementation is in doubt, during each year from 2001 to 2010 as many as 75,000 light-duty vehicles (LDVs) that are at least 15 years old would be purchased in the greater Los Angeles area and then scrapped. The authors' analysis of program effects accounts for LDV-market responses including increases in used-LDV prices and consequent migration of vehicles into the region where LDVs are scrapped. The analysis predicts that program-induced increases in used-LDV prices will be between $22 and $271 in 2010; the best point estimate is $66 per LDV. While predicted emission reductions are largest for 2005, the program would almost certainly reduce emissions by between 8 and 28 tons per day in 2010, with actual reductions probably closer to the upper end. The authors analyze program cost effectiveness, conclude that a vehicle-scrapping program should be implemented, and suggest ways the program might be improved.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309089328
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 427
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Book Description
Managing the nation's air quality is a complex undertaking, involving tens of thousands of people in regulating thousands of pollution sources. The authors identify what has worked and what has not, and they offer wide-ranging recommendations for setting future priorities, making difficult choices, and increasing innovation. This new book explores how to better integrate scientific advances and new technologies into the air quality management system. The volume reviews the three-decade history of governmental efforts toward cleaner air, discussing how air quality standards are set and results measured, the design and implementation of control strategies, regulatory processes and procedures, special issues with mobile pollution sources, and more. The book looks at efforts to spur social and behavioral changes that affect air quality, the effectiveness of market-based instruments for air quality regulation, and many other aspects of the issue. Rich in technical detail, this book will be of interest to all those engaged in air quality management: scientists, engineers, industrial managers, law makers, regulators, health officials, clean-air advocates, and concerned citizens.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309046319
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
Despite more than 20 years of regulatory efforts, concern is widespread that ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, threatens the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. This book discusses how scientific information can be used to develop more effective regulations to control ozone. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution discusses: The latest data and analysis on how tropospheric ozone is formed. How well our measurement techniques are functioning. Deficiencies in efforts to date to control the problem. Approaches to reducing ozone precursor emissions that hold the most promise. What additional research is needed. With a wealth of technical information, the book discusses atmospheric chemistry, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation, monitoring and modeling the formation and transport processes, and the potential contribution of alternative fuels to solving the tropospheric ozone problem. The committee discusses criteria for designing more effective ozone control efforts. Because of its direct bearing on decisions to be made under the Clean Air Act, this book should be of great interest to environmental advocates, industry, and the regulatory community as well as scientists, faculty, and students.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carcinogens
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
