Method for Calculation of the One-dimensional Nonequilibrium Flow of a General Gas Mixture Through a Hypersonic Nozzle PDF Download
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Author: George Emanuel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerodynamics, Hypersonic
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
The work described is a continuation of that reported previously in AEDC-TN-61-65 (calculation of the one-dimensional nonequilibrium flow of air through a hypersonic nozzle). In particular, a method is presented for the exact numerical calculation of the one-dimensional nonequilibrium flow of a general gas mixture through a converging-diverging nozzle. General equations are given for a mixture of perfect gases with an arbitrary number of species undergoing an arbitrary number of chemical and vibrational rate processes. An inexact but accurate method, similar in form to the method employed in the nonequilibrium case, is also given for calculating the corresponding one-dimensional equilibrium flow. The numerical method of solution applicable to both cases is described, including a simple procedure for starting the nonequilibrium calculations from an equilibrium condition and an improved method for controlling integration step size. The factors that affect over-all computation time are discussed. A computer program for an IBM 7090 has been written for the general gas mixture. Specific calculations are reported for a model of air consisting of O, N, NO, N2, and O2 and including eight chemical reactions plus the vibrational processes of the three diatomic species.
Author: George Emanuel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerodynamics, Hypersonic
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
The work described is a continuation of that reported previously in AEDC-TN-61-65 (calculation of the one-dimensional nonequilibrium flow of air through a hypersonic nozzle). In particular, a method is presented for the exact numerical calculation of the one-dimensional nonequilibrium flow of a general gas mixture through a converging-diverging nozzle. General equations are given for a mixture of perfect gases with an arbitrary number of species undergoing an arbitrary number of chemical and vibrational rate processes. An inexact but accurate method, similar in form to the method employed in the nonequilibrium case, is also given for calculating the corresponding one-dimensional equilibrium flow. The numerical method of solution applicable to both cases is described, including a simple procedure for starting the nonequilibrium calculations from an equilibrium condition and an improved method for controlling integration step size. The factors that affect over-all computation time are discussed. A computer program for an IBM 7090 has been written for the general gas mixture. Specific calculations are reported for a model of air consisting of O, N, NO, N2, and O2 and including eight chemical reactions plus the vibrational processes of the three diatomic species.
Author: James Joe Der
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerodynamics, Supersonic
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
Chemical and vibrational nonequilibrium phenomena in steady inviscid flow fields are studied by the analysis of flow past curved boundaries. Possible alternative choices of the state variables to be used are considered. General features of the nonequilibrium flow are studied by examination of the mathematical properties of the nonlinear flow equations. An axisymmetric nonequilibrium flow of air through a supersonic nozzle is analyzed by means of numerical computations. The coupling effects between nonuniformity (across a nozzle section) and nonequilibrium, not taken into account in the quasi-one-dimensional flow approximation, are revealed by the present analysis.
Author: John David Anderson (Jr.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nonequilibrium thermodynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
A new technique is presented for the numerical solution of quasi-one-dimensional, vibrational and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle flows including nonequilibrium conditions both upstream and downstream of the throat. This new technique is a time-dependent analysis which entails the explicite finite-difference solution of the quasi-one-dimensional unsteady flow equations in steps of time, starting with assumed initial distributions throughout the nozzle. The steady-state solution is approached at large values of time. A virtue of the present time-dependent analysis is its simplicity, which prevails from its initial physical formulation to the successful receipt of numerical results. Also, the present solution yields the transient as well as the steady-state nonequilibrium nozzle flows. To exemplify the present analysis, results are given for several cases of vibrational and chemical nonequilibrium expansions through nozzles. (Author).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 892
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Author: George Emanuel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas flow
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerodynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 1158
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Author: Janardanarao Yalamanchili
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerodynamics, Hypersonic
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Author: Walter Albert Reinhardt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissociation
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
A simplified mathematical model is derived that is useful for studying the effects of vibration-dissociation coupling in fluid flows. The derivation is based on energy-moment procedure for simplifying the master equations. To obtain the model equations it is assumed that the vibrational energy can be approximated by the introduction of two vibrational temperatures. The effects of molecular anharmonicity are also accounted for in an approximate manner. The parameters contained within the equations are evaluated by making comparisons with experimental data. It is shown that the model contains the minimum required structure allowing favorable agreement with existing experimental data. Numerical solutions are given for the quasi-steady zone behind a normal shock wave, for the complete structure of a shock wave, and for nozzle flow. The results provide the appropriate pre-exponential temperature dependence of the effective dissociation rate, yield and induction time before dissociation is observed, and, in the case of expanding flow, yield one-fourth less effective relaxation time than the Landau-Teller theory. The thermodynamic quantities for the vibrational mode (partition function, internal energy, and specific heat) agree accurately with like quantities evaluated from spectroscopic data. By the introduction of appropriate assumptions it is shown that the equations reduce to a form identical to the Marrone-Treanor model except for a "truncation factor". When the vibrational temperatures are not large, the model is identical to that of Landau and Teller. The numerical procedure used to integrate the system of rate and flow equations is also described.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 702
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