Author: William Deringer
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674985974
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 439
Book Description
Modern political culture features a deep-seated faith in the power of numbers to find answers, settle disputes, and explain how the world works. Whether evaluating economic trends, measuring the success of institutions, or divining public opinion, we are told that numbers don’t lie. But numbers have not always been so revered. Calculated Values traces how numbers first gained widespread public authority in one nation, Great Britain. Into the seventeenth century, numerical reasoning bore no special weight in political life. Complex calculations were often regarded with suspicion, seen as the narrow province of navigators, bookkeepers, and astrologers, not gentlemen. This changed in the decades following the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Though Britons’ new quantitative enthusiasm coincided with major advances in natural science, financial capitalism, and the power of the British state, it was no automatic consequence of those developments, William Deringer argues. Rather, it was a product of politics—ugly, antagonistic, partisan politics. From parliamentary debates to cheap pamphlets, disputes over taxes, trade, and national debt were increasingly conducted through calculations. Some of the era’s most pivotal political moments, like the 1707 Union of England and Scotland and the 1720 South Sea Bubble, turned upon calculative conflicts. As Britons learned to fight by the numbers, they came to believe, as one calculator wrote in 1727, that “facts and figures are the most stubborn evidences.” Yet the authority of numbers arose not from efforts to find objective truths that transcended politics, but from the turmoil of politics itself.
Calculated Values
Author: William Deringer
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674985974
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 439
Book Description
Modern political culture features a deep-seated faith in the power of numbers to find answers, settle disputes, and explain how the world works. Whether evaluating economic trends, measuring the success of institutions, or divining public opinion, we are told that numbers don’t lie. But numbers have not always been so revered. Calculated Values traces how numbers first gained widespread public authority in one nation, Great Britain. Into the seventeenth century, numerical reasoning bore no special weight in political life. Complex calculations were often regarded with suspicion, seen as the narrow province of navigators, bookkeepers, and astrologers, not gentlemen. This changed in the decades following the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Though Britons’ new quantitative enthusiasm coincided with major advances in natural science, financial capitalism, and the power of the British state, it was no automatic consequence of those developments, William Deringer argues. Rather, it was a product of politics—ugly, antagonistic, partisan politics. From parliamentary debates to cheap pamphlets, disputes over taxes, trade, and national debt were increasingly conducted through calculations. Some of the era’s most pivotal political moments, like the 1707 Union of England and Scotland and the 1720 South Sea Bubble, turned upon calculative conflicts. As Britons learned to fight by the numbers, they came to believe, as one calculator wrote in 1727, that “facts and figures are the most stubborn evidences.” Yet the authority of numbers arose not from efforts to find objective truths that transcended politics, but from the turmoil of politics itself.
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674985974
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 439
Book Description
Modern political culture features a deep-seated faith in the power of numbers to find answers, settle disputes, and explain how the world works. Whether evaluating economic trends, measuring the success of institutions, or divining public opinion, we are told that numbers don’t lie. But numbers have not always been so revered. Calculated Values traces how numbers first gained widespread public authority in one nation, Great Britain. Into the seventeenth century, numerical reasoning bore no special weight in political life. Complex calculations were often regarded with suspicion, seen as the narrow province of navigators, bookkeepers, and astrologers, not gentlemen. This changed in the decades following the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Though Britons’ new quantitative enthusiasm coincided with major advances in natural science, financial capitalism, and the power of the British state, it was no automatic consequence of those developments, William Deringer argues. Rather, it was a product of politics—ugly, antagonistic, partisan politics. From parliamentary debates to cheap pamphlets, disputes over taxes, trade, and national debt were increasingly conducted through calculations. Some of the era’s most pivotal political moments, like the 1707 Union of England and Scotland and the 1720 South Sea Bubble, turned upon calculative conflicts. As Britons learned to fight by the numbers, they came to believe, as one calculator wrote in 1727, that “facts and figures are the most stubborn evidences.” Yet the authority of numbers arose not from efforts to find objective truths that transcended politics, but from the turmoil of politics itself.
Calculated Values
Author: William Deringer
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674971876
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 439
Book Description
Modern political culture features a deep-seated faith in the power of numbers. But quantitative evidence has not always been revered, as William Deringer shows. After the 1688 Revolution, as Britons learned to fight by the numbers, their enthusiasm for figures arose not from efforts to find objective truths but from the turmoil of politics itself.
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674971876
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 439
Book Description
Modern political culture features a deep-seated faith in the power of numbers. But quantitative evidence has not always been revered, as William Deringer shows. After the 1688 Revolution, as Britons learned to fight by the numbers, their enthusiasm for figures arose not from efforts to find objective truths but from the turmoil of politics itself.
Compressibility Factors and Fugacity Coefficients Calculated from the Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State for Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia, Methane, and Helium
Author: C. E. Holley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Compressibility
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Compressibility
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Book Description
Food composition data and labelling: A challenging dialogue
Author: Aalto, Sanni
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289365366
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 86
Book Description
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2020-508/ Abstract [en] This report describes the activities of two projects that were carried out us-ing the infrastructure of the Nordic Food Analysis Network, i.e. the ‘Nordic Food Composition Data for Labelling (NordCoLa)’ project carried out between 2018 and 2020, and the preceding project ‘Fostering the quality and use of Nordic food composition data’, carried out under the Finnish Presidency of the Nordic Council of Ministers in 2016. The primary aim of the NordCoLa project was to evaluate the needs, gaps and synergies of the Nordic food consumption databases in relation to the data to be used to implement the new European nutrient labelling legislation. This was to ensure quality food composition data in the Nordic countries for food producers and other users for nutrient labelling purposes. The results of the projects are summarised in this report.
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289365366
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 86
Book Description
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2020-508/ Abstract [en] This report describes the activities of two projects that were carried out us-ing the infrastructure of the Nordic Food Analysis Network, i.e. the ‘Nordic Food Composition Data for Labelling (NordCoLa)’ project carried out between 2018 and 2020, and the preceding project ‘Fostering the quality and use of Nordic food composition data’, carried out under the Finnish Presidency of the Nordic Council of Ministers in 2016. The primary aim of the NordCoLa project was to evaluate the needs, gaps and synergies of the Nordic food consumption databases in relation to the data to be used to implement the new European nutrient labelling legislation. This was to ensure quality food composition data in the Nordic countries for food producers and other users for nutrient labelling purposes. The results of the projects are summarised in this report.
Bulletin - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
Author: Texas Agricultural Experiment Station
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 932
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 932
Book Description
FRP Composites in Civil Engineering
Author: Jin-Guang Teng
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 9780080439457
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 998
Book Description
This Proceedings contains the papers presented at the International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, held in Hong Kong, China, on 12-15 December 2001. The papers, contributed from 24 countries, cover a wide spectrum of topics and demonstrate the recent advances in the application of FRP (Fibre-reinforced polymer) composites in civil engineering, while pointing to future directions of research in this exciting area.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 9780080439457
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 998
Book Description
This Proceedings contains the papers presented at the International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, held in Hong Kong, China, on 12-15 December 2001. The papers, contributed from 24 countries, cover a wide spectrum of topics and demonstrate the recent advances in the application of FRP (Fibre-reinforced polymer) composites in civil engineering, while pointing to future directions of research in this exciting area.
Status of the Dosimetry for the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (DS86)
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309075599
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 211
Book Description
The Committee on Dosimetry for the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) was set up more than a decade ago at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy. It was charged with monitoring work and experimental results related to the Dosimetry System 1986 (DS86) used by RERF to reconstruct the radiation doses to the survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At the time it was established, DS86 was believed to be the best available dosimetric system for RERF, but questions have persisted about some features, especially the estimates of neutrons resulting from the Hiroshima bomb. This book describes the current situation, the gamma-ray dosimetry, and such dosimetry issues as thermal-neutron discrepancies between measurement and calculation at various distances in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It recommends approaches to bring those issues to closure and sets the stage for the recently convened U.S. and Japan Working Groups that will develop a new dosimetry for RERF. The book outlines the changes relating to DS86 in the past 15 years, such as improved numbers that go into, and are part of, more sophisticated calculations for determining the radiations from bombs that reach certain distances in air, and encourages incorporation of the changes into a revised dosimetry system.
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309075599
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 211
Book Description
The Committee on Dosimetry for the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) was set up more than a decade ago at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy. It was charged with monitoring work and experimental results related to the Dosimetry System 1986 (DS86) used by RERF to reconstruct the radiation doses to the survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At the time it was established, DS86 was believed to be the best available dosimetric system for RERF, but questions have persisted about some features, especially the estimates of neutrons resulting from the Hiroshima bomb. This book describes the current situation, the gamma-ray dosimetry, and such dosimetry issues as thermal-neutron discrepancies between measurement and calculation at various distances in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It recommends approaches to bring those issues to closure and sets the stage for the recently convened U.S. and Japan Working Groups that will develop a new dosimetry for RERF. The book outlines the changes relating to DS86 in the past 15 years, such as improved numbers that go into, and are part of, more sophisticated calculations for determining the radiations from bombs that reach certain distances in air, and encourages incorporation of the changes into a revised dosimetry system.
FAO/INFOODS/IZiNCG Global food composition database for phytate - version 1.0 (PhyFoodComp1.0)
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251303061
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 32
Book Description
This User Guide refers to the FAO/INFOODS Global Food Composition Database for Phytate (PhyFoodComp), and contains the documentation of the data. It has been developed to help users make the best use of the database. The PhyFoodComp database is the first global repository of analytical data on phytate in its different forms and determined by different chemical methods, as well as of iron, zinc, calcium, water, and different phytate:mineral molar ratios. This database is important as phytate, mainly contained in pulses and cereals, is considered an anti-nutrient because it interferes with the absorption of minerals, especially of iron and zinc. The PhyFoodComp database will provide food composition compilers, nutritionists and researchers with access to good quality analytical phytate data and bibliography. Emphasis is put on demonstrating variations in phytate contents and their influencing factors. The aim of PhyFoodComp is to • demonstrate best ways to reduce phytate contents in foods and recipes; • motivate users to include phytate data into national or regional food composition tables or databases; • design better diets for mineral deficiencies; • develop well-targeted nutrition projects, programmes and interventions related to mineral deficiencies such as iron and zinc; and • reconsider re-evaluating the impact of phytate in diets on the bioavailability of iron and zinc when establishing their nutrient requirements.
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251303061
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 32
Book Description
This User Guide refers to the FAO/INFOODS Global Food Composition Database for Phytate (PhyFoodComp), and contains the documentation of the data. It has been developed to help users make the best use of the database. The PhyFoodComp database is the first global repository of analytical data on phytate in its different forms and determined by different chemical methods, as well as of iron, zinc, calcium, water, and different phytate:mineral molar ratios. This database is important as phytate, mainly contained in pulses and cereals, is considered an anti-nutrient because it interferes with the absorption of minerals, especially of iron and zinc. The PhyFoodComp database will provide food composition compilers, nutritionists and researchers with access to good quality analytical phytate data and bibliography. Emphasis is put on demonstrating variations in phytate contents and their influencing factors. The aim of PhyFoodComp is to • demonstrate best ways to reduce phytate contents in foods and recipes; • motivate users to include phytate data into national or regional food composition tables or databases; • design better diets for mineral deficiencies; • develop well-targeted nutrition projects, programmes and interventions related to mineral deficiencies such as iron and zinc; and • reconsider re-evaluating the impact of phytate in diets on the bioavailability of iron and zinc when establishing their nutrient requirements.
NASA Technical Note
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 502
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 502
Book Description
Design of High-Speed Railway Turnouts
Author: Ping Wang
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128038845
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 481
Book Description
High-speed turnouts, a key technology for high-speed railways, have a great influence on the safe and stable running of high-speed trains. Design of High-Speed Railway Turnouts: Theory and Applications, comprehensively introduces the technical characteristics and requirements of high-speed turnouts, including design theories and methods of turnout layout geometry, wheel and rail relations, track stiffness, welded turnout, turnout conversion, turnout components, and manufacture and laying technologies of turnouts. Analyzing the operational problems of China's high-speed turnout in particular, this book discusses the control of structure irregularity, state irregularity, geometrical irregularity and dynamic irregularity during the design, manufacture, laying, and maintenance of turnouts. At the end of this reference book, the author provides high-speed turnouts management methods, maintenance standards, testing and monitoring technology, and maintenance technology. Design of High-Speed Railway Turnouts: Theory and Applications will enable railway technicians all over the world to develop an in-depth knowledge of the design, manufacture, laying, and maintenance technology of high-speed turnouts. - The first book in the world to focus explicitly on high-speed turnouts, including design, construction, maintenance and management of high speed turnouts - Expounds the theory of vehicle-turnout system coupling dynamics in detail, aligning this with several examples of computation, and examines the results of dynamic experiments which validate the theory - Written by Ping Wang, who is recognized as a leading researcher and main developer of high-speed turnouts in China
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128038845
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 481
Book Description
High-speed turnouts, a key technology for high-speed railways, have a great influence on the safe and stable running of high-speed trains. Design of High-Speed Railway Turnouts: Theory and Applications, comprehensively introduces the technical characteristics and requirements of high-speed turnouts, including design theories and methods of turnout layout geometry, wheel and rail relations, track stiffness, welded turnout, turnout conversion, turnout components, and manufacture and laying technologies of turnouts. Analyzing the operational problems of China's high-speed turnout in particular, this book discusses the control of structure irregularity, state irregularity, geometrical irregularity and dynamic irregularity during the design, manufacture, laying, and maintenance of turnouts. At the end of this reference book, the author provides high-speed turnouts management methods, maintenance standards, testing and monitoring technology, and maintenance technology. Design of High-Speed Railway Turnouts: Theory and Applications will enable railway technicians all over the world to develop an in-depth knowledge of the design, manufacture, laying, and maintenance technology of high-speed turnouts. - The first book in the world to focus explicitly on high-speed turnouts, including design, construction, maintenance and management of high speed turnouts - Expounds the theory of vehicle-turnout system coupling dynamics in detail, aligning this with several examples of computation, and examines the results of dynamic experiments which validate the theory - Written by Ping Wang, who is recognized as a leading researcher and main developer of high-speed turnouts in China