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Author: Enrico Cherubini
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
ISBN: 2889190978
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
Fast inhibitory transmission exerts a powerful control on neuronal excitability and network oscillations thought to be associated with high cognitive functions. An alteration of inhibitory signaling is associated with major neurological and psychiatric disorders including epilepsy. Once released from presynaptic nerve terminals, GABA and glycine cross the synaptic cleft and bind to postsynaptic receptors localized in precise apposition to presynaptic release sites. The functional organization of inhibitory synapses consists in a dynamic process which relies on a number of highly specialized proteins that ensure the correct targeting, clustering, stabilization and subsequent fate of synaptic receptors. Among the proteins involved in this task, the tubulin-binding protein gephyrin plays a crucial role. Through its self-oligomerization properties, this protein forms hexagonal lattices that trap GABAA and glycine receptors and link them to the cytoskeleton. By directly interacting with cell-adhesion molecules of the neuroligin-neurexin families that connect presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons at synapses, gephyrin ensures a backward control of presynaptic signaling. In addition, changes in clusters size is dynamically regulated by lateral diffusion of neurotransmitter receptors between the synaptic and extrasynaptic compartments and by their interaction with synaptic scaffold proteins. The aim of this Research Topic (research articles and reviews) is to bring together experts on the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the appropriate assembly, location and function of pre and postsynaptic specializations at inhibitory synapses. A particular emphasis will be on the role of receptor trafficking in synaptic stabilization and plasticity.
Author: Enrico Cherubini
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
ISBN: 2889190978
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
Fast inhibitory transmission exerts a powerful control on neuronal excitability and network oscillations thought to be associated with high cognitive functions. An alteration of inhibitory signaling is associated with major neurological and psychiatric disorders including epilepsy. Once released from presynaptic nerve terminals, GABA and glycine cross the synaptic cleft and bind to postsynaptic receptors localized in precise apposition to presynaptic release sites. The functional organization of inhibitory synapses consists in a dynamic process which relies on a number of highly specialized proteins that ensure the correct targeting, clustering, stabilization and subsequent fate of synaptic receptors. Among the proteins involved in this task, the tubulin-binding protein gephyrin plays a crucial role. Through its self-oligomerization properties, this protein forms hexagonal lattices that trap GABAA and glycine receptors and link them to the cytoskeleton. By directly interacting with cell-adhesion molecules of the neuroligin-neurexin families that connect presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons at synapses, gephyrin ensures a backward control of presynaptic signaling. In addition, changes in clusters size is dynamically regulated by lateral diffusion of neurotransmitter receptors between the synaptic and extrasynaptic compartments and by their interaction with synaptic scaffold proteins. The aim of this Research Topic (research articles and reviews) is to bring together experts on the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the appropriate assembly, location and function of pre and postsynaptic specializations at inhibitory synapses. A particular emphasis will be on the role of receptor trafficking in synaptic stabilization and plasticity.
Author: Prashant Kumar Mishra
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1800206976
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Leverage the Azure analytics platform's key analytics services to deliver unmatched intelligence for your data Key FeaturesLearn to ingest, prepare, manage, and serve data for immediate business requirementsBring enterprise data warehousing and big data analytics together to gain insights from your dataDevelop end-to-end analytics solutions using Azure SynapseBook Description Azure Synapse Analytics, which Microsoft describes as the next evolution of Azure SQL Data Warehouse, is a limitless analytics service that brings enterprise data warehousing and big data analytics together. With this book, you'll learn how to discover insights from your data effectively using this platform. The book starts with an overview of Azure Synapse Analytics, its architecture, and how it can be used to improve business intelligence and machine learning capabilities. Next, you'll go on to choose and set up the correct environment for your business problem. You'll also learn a variety of ways to ingest data from various sources and orchestrate the data using transformation techniques offered by Azure Synapse. Later, you'll explore how to handle both relational and non-relational data using the SQL language. As you progress, you'll perform real-time streaming and execute data analysis operations on your data using various languages, before going on to apply ML techniques to derive accurate and granular insights from data. Finally, you'll discover how to protect sensitive data in real time by using security and privacy features. By the end of this Azure book, you'll be able to build end-to-end analytics solutions while focusing on data prep, data management, data warehousing, and AI tasks. What you will learnExplore the necessary considerations for data ingestion and orchestration while building analytical pipelinesUnderstand pipelines and activities in Synapse pipelines and use them to construct end-to-end data-driven workflowsQuery data using various coding languages on Azure SynapseFocus on Synapse SQL and Synapse SparkManage and monitor resource utilization and query activity in Azure SynapseConnect Power BI workspaces with Azure Synapse and create or modify reports directly from Synapse StudioCreate and manage IP firewall rules in Azure SynapseWho this book is for This book is for data architects, data scientists, data engineers, and business analysts who are looking to get up and running with the Azure Synapse Analytics platform. Basic knowledge of data warehousing will be beneficial to help you understand the concepts covered in this book more effectively.
Author: Ron Milo
Publisher: Garland Science
ISBN: 1317230698
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 399
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Book Description
A Top 25 CHOICE 2016 Title, and recipient of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title (OAT) Award. How much energy is released in ATP hydrolysis? How many mRNAs are in a cell? How genetically similar are two random people? What is faster, transcription or translation?Cell Biology by the Numbers explores these questions and dozens of others provid
Author: Steven James
Publisher: HarperChristian + ORM
ISBN: 0785225269
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
Thirty years in the future, when AI is so advanced that humans live side by side with cognizant humanoid robots called Artificials, Kestrel Hathaway must come to terms not just with what machines?know,?but with what they?believe. Soon after experiencing a personal tragedy, Kestrel witnesses a terrorist attack on a nearby artificial factory and is drawn into a world of conspiracies and lies that she and Jordan, her Artificial, have to untangle. With a second, more brutal attack looming on the horizon, their best chance of stopping it is teaming up with federal counterterrorism agent Nick Vernon. But the clock is ticking—and all the while, Jordan is asking questions Artificials were never meant to ask. Deftly weaving suspense and intrigue into a rich, resonant tale that explores faith and what it really means to be human, Steven James offers us a glimpse into the future—and into our own hearts. Synapse?is an unforgettable, gripping story of dreams shattered, truth revealed, and hope reborn. Praise for?Synapse: “Perfectly timed and thought-provoking,?Synapse?is a smart, intense thriller that keeps the suspense?building until the final page. Steven James once again delivers a perfect amalgam of character and?plot, totally immersing the reader in an irresistible narrative.” —Simon Gervais, international bestselling author of?Hunt Them Down “Next-level suspense that keeps the pages turning, combined with next-level writing on par?with the great literary masters . . .?Synapse?is not merely a thriller you should read—as 5G?approaches and advances in AI snowball, it is the thriller you can’t afford?not to.” —James R. Hannibal, award-winning author of?The Gryphon Heist
Author: Pasko Rakic
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128236736
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 560
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Book Description
Synapse Development and Maturation, the latest release in the Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series, presents the latest information on the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neural development. The book provides a much-needed update that underscores the latest research in this rapidly evolving field, with new section editors discussing the technological advances that are enabling the pursuit of new research on brain development. This volume focuses on the synaptogenesis and developmental sequences in the maturation of intrinsic and synapse-driven patterns. - Features leading experts in various subfields as section editors and article authors - Presents articles that have been peer reviewed to ensure accuracy, thoroughness and scholarship - Includes coverage of mechanisms which regulate synapse formation and maintenance during development - Covers neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation, to early correlated patterns of activity
Author: David J. Price
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470712309
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
The development of a brain from its simple beginnings in the embryo to the extraordinarily complex fully-functional adult structure is a truly remarkable process. Understanding how it occurs remains a formidable challenge despite enormous advances over the last century and current intense world-wide scientific research. A greater knowledge of how nervous systems construct themselves will bring huge benefits for human health and future technologies. Unravelling the mechanisms that lead to the development of healthy brains should help scientists tackle currently incurable diseases of the nervous system such as autism, epilepsy and schizophrenia (to name but a few), discover more about the processes that cause the uncontrolled growth associated with cancer and develop possible treatments. Building Brains provides a highly visual and readily accessible introduction to the main events that occur during neural development and the mechanisms by which they occur. Aimed at undergraduate students and postgraduates new to the field, who may not have a background in neuroscience and/or molecular genetics, it explains how cells in the early embryo first become neural, how their proliferation is controlled, what regulates the types of neural cells they become, how neurons connect to each other, how these connections are later refined under the influence of neural activity including that arising from experience, and why some neurons normally die. Key Features: A concise illustrated guide focusing on the core elements of current understanding of neural development, emphasising common principles underlying developmental mechanisms and supplemented by suggestions for further reading. Text boxes throughout provide further detail on selected major advances, issues of particular uncertainty or controversy and examples of human diseases that result from abnormal development. A balanced mammalian/non-mammalian perspective, drawing on examples from model organisms including the fruit fly, nematode worm, frog, zebrafish, chick, mouse, ferret, cat, monkey and human, and emphasising mechanisms that are conserved across species. Introduces the methods for studying neural development including genetics, transgenic technologies, advanced microscopy and computational modeling, allowing the reader to understand the main evidence underlying research advances. Student-friendly, full colour artwork reinforces important concepts; an extensive glossary and definitions in page margins help readers from different backgrounds; chapter summaries stress important points and aid revision. Associated Website includes a complete set of figures from the textbook.
Author: Richard Swinbank
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
Author: Kerri Ann Spilker
Publisher: Stanford University
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
Specification and assembly of synapses is a highly coordinated and regulated process. Knowledge of the position and connectivity of all C. elegans neurons makes it a highly useful organism for studying the underlying mechanisms that control synapse formation. Using cell-specific promoters and fluorescently-labeled synaptic vesicle proteins, we are able to monitor synapse formation in subsets of C. elegans neurons. Close observation of synapse formation in a single posterior motorneuron (DA9) led to the identification of a mutation in the alternative splicing regulator mbl-1 that changes the synaptic pattern. The cholinergic motorneuron DA9 is required for backwards locomotion and forms ~25 synapses onto both inhibitory neurons and body wall muscles in the dorsal nerve cord (DNC) of the worm. We found that the 10 most distal synapses of DA9 fail to form in mbl-1 mutants, visualized with the synaptic vesicle-associated protein RAB-3 and the active zone proteins SYD-2/liprin-α and UNC-10/Rim. In addition, some RAB-3 mis-localizes to the dendrite of DA9 and animals have a backwards locomotion defect consistent with a loss of synapses onto dorsal body wall muscles. mbl-1 is a member of the conserved MBNL (Muscleblind like) family of CCCH zinc-finger RNA binding proteins that regulate alternative splicing of target genes by directly binding to target mRNA. In the human disease myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), a progressive muscular dystrophy, sequestration of MBNL proteins in nuclear foci leads to altered splicing of downstream genes. Mis-splicing of several genes is responsible for the muscular and cardiac symptoms present in individuals with DM1. Most work on the MBNL proteins has focused on their role in muscle morphogenesis and maintenance. However, C. elegans mbl-1 is expressed in a subset of motorneurons including DA9 and is required cell autonomously in these neurons to regulate proper synapse formation. Post-synaptic and muscle markers were unaffected in mbl-1 mutant animals. Thus, our work demonstrates that mbl-1 also functions in neurons to regulate synapse formation. In a separate set of experiments, we identified a new mutation in the coding region of the touch cell-specific beta-tubulin, mec-7(wy116) that causes a defect in synapse formation in the mechanosensory neuron PLM. Previous studies have shown that mec-7 is expressed exclusively in the six touch neurons of C. elegans and is required for sensing light touch. Our mec-7 mutation leads to a loss of synaptic vesicle accumulation at PLM synaptic sites in the ventral nerve cord and synaptic vesicles are visible at ectopic locations along the lateral axon of PLM. Localization of the synaptic proteins VAMP and GIT-1 is also defective in our mutant, but neuronal morphology is wild-type. mec-7(wy116) is mildly Mec, but other alleles of mec-7 (e1506, e1527) do not phenocopy the synaptic vesicle localization defect. mec-7(wy116) is a missense mutation that alters a highly conserved Thr at position 409 to Ile. Crystal structures of tubulin indicate that this residue is on the face of tubulin that interacts with kinesin motor. Because we see synaptic vesicles along the lateral axon of PLM, we believe that kinesin-mediated vesicle transport is less efficient in mec-7(wy116) mutants.
Author: Dmitry Anoshin
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1800561024
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 383
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Book Description
Solve real-world data problems and create data-driven workflows for easy data movement and processing at scale with Azure Data Factory Key FeaturesLearn how to load and transform data from various sources, both on-premises and on cloudUse Azure Data Factory’s visual environment to build and manage hybrid ETL pipelinesDiscover how to prepare, transform, process, and enrich data to generate key insightsBook Description Azure Data Factory (ADF) is a modern data integration tool available on Microsoft Azure. This Azure Data Factory Cookbook helps you get up and running by showing you how to create and execute your first job in ADF. You’ll learn how to branch and chain activities, create custom activities, and schedule pipelines. This book will help you to discover the benefits of cloud data warehousing, Azure Synapse Analytics, and Azure Data Lake Gen2 Storage, which are frequently used for big data analytics. With practical recipes, you’ll learn how to actively engage with analytical tools from Azure Data Services and leverage your on-premise infrastructure with cloud-native tools to get relevant business insights. As you advance, you’ll be able to integrate the most commonly used Azure Services into ADF and understand how Azure services can be useful in designing ETL pipelines. The book will take you through the common errors that you may encounter while working with ADF and show you how to use the Azure portal to monitor pipelines. You’ll also understand error messages and resolve problems in connectors and data flows with the debugging capabilities of ADF. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to use ADF as the main ETL and orchestration tool for your data warehouse or data platform projects. What you will learnCreate an orchestration and transformation job in ADFDevelop, execute, and monitor data flows using Azure SynapseCreate big data pipelines using Azure Data Lake and ADFBuild a machine learning app with Apache Spark and ADFMigrate on-premises SSIS jobs to ADFIntegrate ADF with commonly used Azure services such as Azure ML, Azure Logic Apps, and Azure FunctionsRun big data compute jobs within HDInsight and Azure DatabricksCopy data from AWS S3 and Google Cloud Storage to Azure Storage using ADF's built-in connectorsWho this book is for This book is for ETL developers, data warehouse and ETL architects, software professionals, and anyone who wants to learn about the common and not-so-common challenges faced while developing traditional and hybrid ETL solutions using Microsoft's Azure Data Factory. You’ll also find this book useful if you are looking for recipes to improve or enhance your existing ETL pipelines. Basic knowledge of data warehousing is expected.
Author: Hamida Rebai Trabelsi
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1804612960
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Successfully modernize your apps on Azure using APIs, event-driven systems, functions, and Service Fabric and connect them to different relational and non-relational databases Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Key FeaturesUnderstand Function-as-a-Service and Azure Service Fabric for distributed applicationsDevelop event-based and message-based solutions using Event Grid and Azure Event HubsExplore continuous deployment for Docker with Azure DevOps and integrate Docker Hub with CI/CD pipelinesBook Description To deliver software at a faster rate and reduced costs, companies with stable legacy systems and growing data volumes are trying to modernize their applications and accelerate innovation, but this is no easy matter. A Developer's Guide to Building Resilient Cloud Applications with Azure helps you overcome these application modernization challenges to build secure and reliable cloud-based applications on Azure and connect them to databases with the help of easy-to-follow examples. The book begins with a basic definition of serverless and event-driven architecture and Database-as-a-Service, before moving on to an exploration of the different services in Azure, namely Azure API Management using the gateway pattern, event-driven architecture, Event Grid, Azure Event Hubs, Azure message queues, FaaS using Azure Functions, and the database-oriented cloud. Throughout the chapters, you'll learn about creating, importing, and managing APIs and Service Fabric in Azure, and discover how to ensure continuous integration and deployment in Azure to fully automate the software delivery process, that is, the build and release process. By the end of this book, you'll be able to build and deploy cloud-oriented applications using APIs, serverless, Service Fabric, Azure Functions, and Event Grid technologies. What you will learnUnderstand the architecture of Azure Functions and Azure Service FabricExplore Platform-as-a-Service options for deploying SQL Server in AzureCreate and manage Azure Storage and Azure Cosmos DB resourcesLeverage big data storage in Azure servicesSelect Azure services to deploy according to a specific scenarioSet up CI/CD pipelines to deploy container applications on Azure DevOpsGet to grips with API gateway patterns and Azure API ManagementWho this book is for This book is for cloud developers, software architects, system administrators, database administrators, data engineers, developers, and computer science students who want to understand the role of the software architect or developer in the cloud world. Professionals looking to enhance their cloud and cloud-native programming concepts on Azure will also find this book useful. A solid background in C#, ASP.NET Core, and any recent version of Visual Studio and basic knowledge of cloud computing, Microsoft Azure, and databases will be helpful when using this book.
