Breeding Wheat for Efficient Nitrogen Use in Low-input and Organic Systems in the Pacific Northwest PDF Download
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Author: Julie C. Dawson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crops and nitrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
Author: Julie C. Dawson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crops and nitrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
Author: H.T. Buck
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402054971
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 764
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Book Description
Providing a unique overview to wheat and related species, this book comprises the proceedings of the 7th International Wheat Conference, held in Mar del Plata, Argentina, at the end of 2005. Leading scientists from all over the world, specialized in different areas that contribute to the better understanding of wheat production and use, review the present achievements and discuss the future challenges for the wheat crop.
Author: Muhammad Asif
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319050028
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
Genetically uniform cultivars in many self-pollinated cereal crops dominate commercial production in high-input environments especially due to their high grain yields and wide geographical adaptation. These cultivars generally perform well under favorable and high-input farming systems but their optimal performance cannot be achieved on marginal/organic lands or without the use of external chemical inputs (fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides). Cereal breeding programs aim at evaluating candidate lines/cultivars for agronomic, disease and quality traits in a weed free environment that makes it impossible to identify traits conferring competitive ability against weeds. Moreover, quantification of competitive ability is a complex phenomenon which is affected by range of growth traits. Above (e.g. light) and below (e.g. water and nutrients) ground resources also influence competitiveness to a greater extent. Competitiveness is quantitatively inherited trait which is heavily influenced by many factors including genotype, management, environment and their interaction. Sound plant breeding techniques and good experimental designs are prerequisites for maximizing genetic gains to breed cultivars for organically managed lands. The brief is focused on breeding wheat for enhanced competitive ability along with other agronomic, genetic and molecular studies that have been undertaken to improve weed suppression, disease resistance and quality in organically managed lands. The examples from other cereals have also been highlighted to compare wheat with other cereal crops.
Author: Brian L. Beres
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889662209
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: Stephen R. Gliessman
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420003593
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
With all of the environmental and social problems confronting our food systems today, it is apparent that none of the strategies we have relied on in the pasthigher-yielding varieties, increased irrigation, inorganic fertilizers, pest damage reductioncan be counted on to come to the rescue. In fact, these solutions are now part of the problem. It i
Author: Saba Mahjourimajd
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crops and nitrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
"Nitrogen (N) is essential for high grain yield (GY) in cereals. A major aim of breeding programs is to increase GY while minimising the level of external inputs, such as N fertilisation. Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) is a complex trait controlled by both genetic and environmental factors resulting in variation depending on seasonal growth conditions. Only 30-50% of N supplied is actually taken up by the plants with the extra N lost through run-off, leaching, denitrification and gas emission. These losses have a negative environmental impact, leading to surface and underground water pollution, algae blooms and intensifying global warming. In addition, nitrogen (N) application is costly further emphasising the importance of NUE improvement to reduce the economic and environmental issues associated with N application. NUE of wheat is important in all production areas but little is known about genetic variation for NUE in low-yielding environments such the Mediterranean-type climate of Southern Australia with low rainfall and high temperatures during critical growth periods. Research described in this thesis evaluated variation in NUE in Australian wheat germplasm and then to identify loci regulating NUE traits in a bi-parental mapping population of RAC875/Kukri. Improvement in NUE will require the integration of physiological and molecular aspects of N status in plants under different growth conditions: the highly variable conditions of field trials and controlled environments such as under hydroponics. The assessment of NUE and N response under both field and controlled conditions could facilitate the identification of traits and QTL and lead to the discovery of candidate genes underlying the traits. The first step of this research involved NUE traits and N response assessment of Australian cultivars in different environments, with varying N input. Genetic variation for NUE was identified in Australian spring wheat cultivars, and the cultivars were ranked for their N-efficiency and responsiveness. The dissection of genetic variation for NUE was investigated in the RAC875/Kukri population across six field trials between 2011 and 2013 covering 16 environment by treatment combinations. Nitrogen responsiveness was compared with N efficiency and the genotypes were ranked for the consistency of a positive response and high efficiency of N use versus negative responsiveness and low efficiency. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis identified the genome regions associated with GY, grain quality and responsiveness to N. In addition, specific-environment associated N QTL were identified. A QTL on chromosome 2A was detected for most of traits studied and across multiple environments. Further stable QTL were identified on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 3D, 7A and 7B for GY across environments. The physiological response to N was studied at the early stages of growth for selected lines in a hydroponics system that allowed the measurement of N uptake and utilisation. The aim of the experiments was to investigate the physiological basis for the effects seen in the field trials. However, no consistent response was seen in these studies suggesting that future work should focus on later growth stages. To conclude, the results showed significant genetic variation and transgressive segregation for NUE despite the complex nature of the effect of N on grain yield and quality traits. These genome regions can be used to support marker assistance selection (MAS) for improved NUE and for cloning genes underlying the loci affecting NUE in wheat. The results show that selection for improved NUE is possible and also provide a base for further molecular and physiological studies on efficient use of applied N." -- abstract, leaves 3-4.
Author: Katlyn L. Hitz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Author: Kevin Murphy
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780549069195
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 137
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Book Description
Organic agriculture is often criticized as low-yielding and unable to produce enough food to supply the world's population. Using wheat as a model crop species, I show that poorly adapted cultivars are partially responsible for the lower yields often found in organic farming systems when compared with conventional farming systems. This indicates that increasing yield in organic systems through breeding will require direct selection within organic systems rather than indirect selection in conventional systems.
Author: Erastus Newton Bates
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cereal smut diseases
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Alistair Pask
Publisher: CIMMYT
ISBN: 9706481826
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
