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Author: Cong Shen
Publisher: kassel university press GmbH
ISBN: 3737607109
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
The restoration of large electrical power systems after a blackout is often a challenging task. Recently, more and more distributed generations (DGs) are integrated into distribution network. The DGs with different types, such as renewable energy sources (RES) equipped with storage or precise forecasting technology, small hydro-electrical power plants, combined heat and power (CHP) etc., make distribution network much more “active” than before. After power system blackout, an “active” distribution network could reboot immediately by using DGs instead of waiting until transmission network has restored. Since the restored “active” distribution network can be regarded as an additional and controllable power source from the view of transmission network, novel bottom-up restoration operations which have not been seen in traditional restoration plans can be developed.
In this thesis, the proposed bottom-up restoration algorithms consist of four parts. The first part is to determine the black start zones after power system blackout. This algorithm is based on fuzzy classification and calculates the black start zone by considering e.g. generator self-excitation, and over-voltage at end of unload line. The second and third algorithms which determine the generator startup and load restoration sequence are used to calculate the restoration time and restorable load within each black start zone. The results show that the restoration time can be reduced significantly by proposed algorithms. In the fourth part, the proposed bottomup restoration algorithms are implemented on a real transmission and distribution network in JiangXi province, China. The final results show that DGs in distribution network can improve the entire restoration process in various ways. The results of this thesis demonstrate that the proposed bottom-up network restoration methodologies by using distributed generations (DGs) are faster and more reliable than the traditional network restoration methodology.
Author: Cong Shen
Publisher: kassel university press GmbH
ISBN: 3737607109
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 170
Get Book Here
Book Description
The restoration of large electrical power systems after a blackout is often a challenging task. Recently, more and more distributed generations (DGs) are integrated into distribution network. The DGs with different types, such as renewable energy sources (RES) equipped with storage or precise forecasting technology, small hydro-electrical power plants, combined heat and power (CHP) etc., make distribution network much more “active” than before. After power system blackout, an “active” distribution network could reboot immediately by using DGs instead of waiting until transmission network has restored. Since the restored “active” distribution network can be regarded as an additional and controllable power source from the view of transmission network, novel bottom-up restoration operations which have not been seen in traditional restoration plans can be developed.
In this thesis, the proposed bottom-up restoration algorithms consist of four parts. The first part is to determine the black start zones after power system blackout. This algorithm is based on fuzzy classification and calculates the black start zone by considering e.g. generator self-excitation, and over-voltage at end of unload line. The second and third algorithms which determine the generator startup and load restoration sequence are used to calculate the restoration time and restorable load within each black start zone. The results show that the restoration time can be reduced significantly by proposed algorithms. In the fourth part, the proposed bottomup restoration algorithms are implemented on a real transmission and distribution network in JiangXi province, China. The final results show that DGs in distribution network can improve the entire restoration process in various ways. The results of this thesis demonstrate that the proposed bottom-up network restoration methodologies by using distributed generations (DGs) are faster and more reliable than the traditional network restoration methodology.
Author: Pedro Faria
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038977187
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
At present, the impact of distributed energy resources in the operation of power and energy systems is unquestionable at the distribution level, but also at the whole power system management level. Increased flexibility is required to accommodate intermittent distributed generation and electric vehicle charging. Demand response has already been proven to have a great potential to contribute to an increased system efficiency while bringing additional benefits, especially to the consumers. Distributed storage is also promising, e.g., when jointly used with the currently increasing use of photovoltaic panels. This book addresses the management of distributed energy resources. The focus includes methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation, to aggregate the resources, namely, by virtual power players, and to remunerate them. The integration of distributed resources in electricity markets is also addressed as a main drive for their efficient use.
Author: Kai Sun
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119282020
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 469
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Book Description
Offers a comprehensive introduction to the issues of control of power systems during cascading outages and restoration process Power System Control Under Cascading Failures offers comprehensive coverage of three major topics related to prevention of cascading power outages in a power transmission grid: modelling and analysis, system separation and power system restoration. The book examines modelling and analysis of cascading failures for reliable and efficient simulation and better understanding of important mechanisms, root causes and propagation patterns of failures and power outages. Second, it covers controlled system separation to mitigate cascading failures addressing key questions such as where, when and how to separate. Third, the text explores optimal system restoration from cascading power outages and blackouts by well-designed milestones, optimised procedures and emerging techniques. The authors — noted experts in the field — include state-of-the-art methods that are illustrated in detail as well as practical examples that show how to use them to address realistic problems and improve current practices. This important resource: Contains comprehensive coverage of a focused area of cascading power system outages, addressing modelling and analysis, system separation and power system restoration Offers a description of theoretical models to analyse outages, methods to identify control actions to prevent propagation of outages and restore the system Suggests state-of-the-art methods that are illustrated in detail with hands-on examples that address realistic problems to help improve current practices Includes companion website with samples, codes and examples to support the text Written for postgraduate students, researchers, specialists, planners and operation engineers from industry, Power System Control Under Cascading Failures contains a review of a focused area of cascading power system outages, addresses modelling and analysis, system separation, and power system restoration.
Author: Giorgio Graditi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128242140
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Book Description
Distributed Energy Resources in Local Integrated Energy Systems: Optimal Operation and Planning reviews research and policy developments surrounding the optimal operation and planning of DER in the context of local integrated energy systems in the presence of multiple energy carriers, vectors and multi-objective requirements. This assessment is carried out by analyzing impacts and benefits at local levels, and in distribution networks and larger systems. These frameworks represent valid tools to provide support in the decision-making process for DER operation and planning. Uncertainties of RES generation and loads in optimal DER scheduling are addressed, along with energy trading and blockchain technologies. Interactions among various energy carriers in local energy systems are investigated in scalable and flexible optimization models for adaptation to a number of real contexts thanks to the wide variety of generation, conversion and storage technologies considered, the exploitation of demand side flexibility, emerging technologies, and through the general mathematical formulations established. - Integrates multi-energy DER, including electrical and thermal distributed generation, demand response, electric vehicles, storage and RES in the context of local integrated energy systems - Fosters the integration of DER in the electricity markets through the concepts of DER aggregation - Addresses the challenges of emerging paradigms as energy communities and energy blockchain applications in the current and future energy landscape - Proposes operation optimization models and methods through multi-objective approaches for fostering short- and long-run sustainability of local energy systems - Assesses and models the uncertainties of renewable resources and intermittent loads in the short-term decision-making process for smart decentralized energy systems
Author: Math H. J. Bollen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111802902X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Book Description
The integration of new sources of energy like wind power, solar-power, small-scale generation, or combined heat and power in the power grid is something that impacts a lot of stakeholders: network companies (both distribution and transmission), the owners and operators of the DG units, other end-users of the power grid (including normal consumers like you and me) and not in the least policy makers and regulators. There is a lot of misunderstanding about the impact of DG on the power grid, with one side (including mainly some but certainly not all, network companies) claiming that the lights will go out soon, whereas the other side (including some DG operators and large parks of the general public) claiming that there is nothing to worry about and that it's all a conspiracy of the large production companies that want to protect their own interests and keep the electricity price high. The authors are of the strong opinion that this is NOT the way one should approach such an important subject as the integration of new, more environmentally friendly, sources of energy in the power grid. With this book the authors aim to bring some clarity to the debate allowing all stakeholders together to move to a solution. This book will introduce systematic and transparent methods for quantifying the impact of DG on the power grid.
Author: Math H. J. Bollen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470643374
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Book Description
The integration of new sources of energy like wind power, solar-power, small-scale generation, or combined heat and power in the power grid is something that impacts a lot of stakeholders: network companies (both distribution and transmission), the owners and operators of the DG units, other end-users of the power grid (including normal consumers like you and me) and not in the least policy makers and regulators. There is a lot of misunderstanding about the impact of DG on the power grid, with one side (including mainly some but certainly not all, network companies) claiming that the lights will go out soon, whereas the other side (including some DG operators and large parks of the general public) claiming that there is nothing to worry about and that it's all a conspiracy of the large production companies that want to protect their own interests and keep the electricity price high. The authors are of the strong opinion that this is NOT the way one should approach such an important subject as the integration of new, more environmentally friendly, sources of energy in the power grid. With this book the authors aim to bring some clarity to the debate allowing all stakeholders together to move to a solution. This book will introduce systematic and transparent methods for quantifying the impact of DG on the power grid.
Author: Nicholas Jenkins
Publisher: IET
ISBN: 0863419585
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
The economics and locations of sustainable energy sources have meant that many of these new generators are connected into distribution networks. It is recognized that the information flow and control of distribution networks is inadequate for these future low-carbon electricity supply systems. The future distribution network will change its operation from passive to active, and the distributed generators will be controlled to support the operation of the power system. In many countries this transformation of electricity supply is managed through energy markets and privately owned, regulated transmission and distribution systems. --
Author: Thomas I. Strasser
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039216481
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
Energy efficiency and low-carbon technologies are key contributors to curtailing the emission of greenhouse gases that continue to cause global warming. The efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions also strongly affect electrical power systems. Renewable sources, storage systems, and flexible loads provide new system controls, but power system operators and utilities have to deal with their fluctuating nature, limited storage capabilities, and typically higher infrastructure complexity with a growing number of heterogeneous components. In addition to the technological change of new components, the liberalization of energy markets and new regulatory rules bring contextual change that necessitates the restructuring of the design and operation of future energy systems. Sophisticated component design methods, intelligent information and communication architectures, automation and control concepts, new and advanced markets, as well as proper standards are necessary in order to manage the higher complexity of such intelligent power systems that form smart grids. Due to the considerably higher complexity of such cyber-physical energy systems, constituting the power system, automation, protection, information and communication technology (ICT), and system services, it is expected that the design and validation of smart-grid configurations will play a major role in future technology and system developments. However, an integrated approach for the design and evaluation of smart-grid configurations incorporating these diverse constituent parts remains evasive. The currently available validation approaches focus mainly on component-oriented methods. In order to guarantee a sustainable, affordable, and secure supply of electricity through the transition to a future smart grid with considerably higher complexity and innovation, new design, validation, and testing methods appropriate for cyber-physical systems are required. Therefore, this book summarizes recent research results and developments related to the design and validation of smart grid systems.
Author: M. M. Adibi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0780353978
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 706
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Book Description
"At a time when bulk power systems operate close to their design limits, the restructuring of the electric power industry has created vulnerability to potential blackouts. Prompt and effective power system restoration is essential for the minimization of downtime and costs to the utility and its customers, which mount rapidly after a system blackout. Power System Restoration meets the complex challenges that arise from the dynamic capabilities of new technology in areas such as large-scale system analysis, communication and control, data management, artificial intelligence, and allied disciplines. It provides an up-to-date description of the restoration methodologies and implementation strategies practiced internationally. The book opens with a general overview of the restoration process and then covers: * Techniques used in restoration planning and training * Knowledge-based systems as operational aids in restoration * Issues associated with hydro and thermal power plants * High and extra-high voltage transmission systems * Restoration of distribution systems Power System Restoration is essential reading for all power system planners and operating engineers in the power industry. It is also a valuable reference for researchers, practicing power engineers, and engineering students." Sponsored by: IEEE Power Engineering Society
Author: Mohammad Taghi Ameli
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443160872
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
Future Modern Distribution Networks Resilience examines the combined impact of low-probability and high-impact events on modern distribution systems' resilience. Using practical guidance, the book provides comprehensive approaches for improving energy systems' resilience by utilizing infrastructure and operational strategies. Divided in three parts, Part One provides a conceptual introduction and review of power system resilience, including topics such as risk and vulnerability assessment in power systems, resilience metrics, and power systems operation and planning. Part Two discusses modelling of vulnerability and resilience evaluation indices and cost-benefit analysis. Part Three reviews infrastructure and operational strategies to improve power system resilience, including robust grid hardening strategies, mobile energy storage and electric vehicles, and networked microgrids and renewable energy resources. With a strong focus on economic results and cost-effectives, Future Modern Distribution Networks Resilience is a practical reference for students, researchers and engineers interested in power engineering, energy systems, and renewable energy. - Reviews related concepts to active distribution systems resilience before, during, and after a sudden disaster - Presents analysis of risk and vulnerability for reliable evaluation, sustainable operation, and accurate planning of energy grids against low-probability and high-impact events - Highlights applications of practical metrics for resilience assessment of future energy networks - Provides guidance for the development of cost-effective resilient techniques for reducing the vulnerability of electrical grids to severe disasters
