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Author: Cheryl J. Aine
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146121260X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1218
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Book Description
A modified Linear Estimation Approach was performed to reconstruct current sources within the heart. Based on MRI data sets the Boundary Element Method was used to create tailored multicompartment models of the human thorax which were used to solve the forward problem of magnetocardiography. The ability of the proposed method was demonstrated for the localization of a single current dipole as an example of a focal source. By means of introducing small shiftings to all reconstruction dipoles during linear estimation solution as well as performing a successive focussing strategy ignoring places without significant electrical activity the method could easily be extended to the reconstruction of real 3D sources. Based on a special minimum-norm solution the source volume can be estimated applying a finite element approximation using cube elements. The size of an extended current source can be estimated by superimposing the reconstructed dipoles to an equivalent dipole and comparing the corresponding volume with the sphere which would be related to the equivalent dipole. The deviation of these volumes can be taken as a criterion for non-dipolarity of sources.
Author: Cheryl J. Aine
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146121260X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1218
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Book Description
A modified Linear Estimation Approach was performed to reconstruct current sources within the heart. Based on MRI data sets the Boundary Element Method was used to create tailored multicompartment models of the human thorax which were used to solve the forward problem of magnetocardiography. The ability of the proposed method was demonstrated for the localization of a single current dipole as an example of a focal source. By means of introducing small shiftings to all reconstruction dipoles during linear estimation solution as well as performing a successive focussing strategy ignoring places without significant electrical activity the method could easily be extended to the reconstruction of real 3D sources. Based on a special minimum-norm solution the source volume can be estimated applying a finite element approximation using cube elements. The size of an extended current source can be estimated by superimposing the reconstructed dipoles to an equivalent dipole and comparing the corresponding volume with the sphere which would be related to the equivalent dipole. The deviation of these volumes can be taken as a criterion for non-dipolarity of sources.
Author: Bin He
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387499636
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
Over the past several decades, much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of electrical activity in biological tissues and systems, and for developing non-invasive functional imaging technologies to aid clinical diagnosis of dysfunction in the human body. The book will provide full basic coverage of the fundamentals of modeling of electrical activity in various human organs, such as heart and brain. It will include details of bioelectromagnetic measurements and source imaging technologies, as well as biomedical applications. The book will review the latest trends in the field and comment on the future direction in this fast developing line of research.
Author: Kensuke Sekihara
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540793704
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
Neural activity in the human brain generates coherent synaptic and intracellular currents in cortical columns that create electromagnetic signals which can be measured outside the head using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). Electromagnetic brain imaging refers to techniques that reconstruct neural activity from MEG and EEG signals. Electromagnetic brain imaging is unique among functional imaging techniques for its ability to provide spatio-temporal brain activation profiles that reflect not only where the activity occurs in the brain but also when this activity occurs in relation to external and internal cognitive events, as well as to activity in other brain regions. Adaptive spatial filters are powerful algorithms for electromagnetic brain imaging that enable high-fidelity reconstruction of neuronal activity. This book describes the technical advances of adaptive spatial filters for electromagnetic brain imaging by integrating and synthesizing available information and describes various factors that affect its performance. The intended audience include graduate students and researchers interested in the methodological aspects of electromagnetic brain imaging.
Author: Andrew C. Papanicolaou
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190935693
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 445
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Book Description
Fifty Years of Magnetoencephalography celebrates the first half century of research in and clinical applications of magnetoencephalography (MEG). It catalogs and documents its evolution as a means of imaging the ongoing activity of the brain and the activation of particular neuronal networks within it that mediate sensory motor and higher functions like language. The volume's first section looks at the discovery of MEG and its first tentative applications by three of its founders. The following sections detail the rapid progress in the development of the instrumentation necessary for recording noninvasively the magnetic signals on the head that are associated with the brain activity; improvements in the techniques for analyzing the magnetic signals and reconstructing, on their basis, the functional images of brain activity; and improvements in our understanding of the nature and significance of those signals. Subsequent sections of the book detail the main clinical applications of MEG in localizing brain areas that contain sources of epileptiform activity and areas encompassing parts of functional networks essential for motor and sensory function as well as for language that have become an essential part of planning for brain surgery in many epilepsy and tumor surgery centers around the world. In addition, several chapters describe the most current efforts aiming at expanding the utility of MEG in clinical diagnosis and theoretical research.
Author: Yi Zhang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527344888
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
Hands-on guide for scientists and engineers on how to use SQUID technology This practical book covers SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) readout electronics and magnetometric systems. It illustrates their many practical applications in measuring extremely subtle magnetic fields and shows how the technique is developing into an enabling technology for many applications, such as biomagnetic imaging and geophysical prospecting. Clear and comprehensive, the book builds a bridge for scientists and engineers to fill in potential know-how gaps for all who work on SQUID systems and their practical applications. It helps make key words like readout electronics, flux quantization, Josephson effects, and noise contributions completely understandable to all who design and use simple and robust SQUID systems. Beginning with an introduction to the subject, SQUID Readout Electronics and Magnetometric Systems for Practical Applications offers in-depth chapter coverage of: Josephson junctions; dc SQUID’s I-V characteristics and its bias modes; functions of the SQUID's readout electronics; direct readout scheme (DRS); SQUID magnetometry system and SQUID parameters; flux modulation scheme (FMS); and flux feedback concepts and parallel feedback circuit. Other sections examine: analyses of the "series feedback coil (circuit)" (SFC); weakly damped SQUID; two-stage and double relaxation oscillation readout schemes; and radio-frequency (rf) SQUID. · Provides a unique view of how simplicity and robustness are crucial for practical SQUID systems in applications · Focuses on the readout electronics of SQUID systems, particularly the advantages and disadvantages of the various systems · Helps materials scientists, physicists, and engineers overcome various major know-how barriers in order to understand the important challenges and to design practical SQUID systems · Largely documents the joint achievements accomplished in the cooperation between SIMIT and FZJ in the field of superconducting electronics SQUID Readout Electronics and Magnetometric Systems for Practical Applications is an excellent book for all materials scientists, electrical engineers, and physicists who can benefit from SQUID systems and their applications. It will also be of great benefit to analytical laboratories in industry, manufacturers of laboratory equipment, and systems engineers.
Author: Wilfried Andrä
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527610189
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 655
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Book Description
This second, completely updated and extended edition of the only reference work in this growing field of medical physics focuses on biomagnetic instrumentation as well as applications in cardiology and neurology. New chapters have been added on fetal magnetography and magnetic field therapy, as well as the safety aspects of magnetic fields. Written by well-known specialists from Germany, USA, Canada, Japan, the Netherlands and Scandinavia, the result is a manual for researchers in this field as well as for those who apply modern methods based on magnetism in medical practice. It equally provides a detailed overview for newcomers to the field as well as for experts familiar with only one part of the area.
Author: Thomas R. Knösche
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030749185
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
This textbook provides a comprehensive and didactic introduction from the basics to the current state of the art in the field of EEG/MEG source reconstruction. Reconstructing the generators or sources of electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic (EEG/MEG) signals is an important problem in basic neuroscience as well as clinical research and practice. Over the past few decades, an entire theory, together with a whole collection of algorithms and techniques, has developed. In this textbook, the authors provide a unified perspective on a broad range of EEG/MEG source reconstruction methods, with particular emphasis on their respective assumptions about sources, data, head tissues, and sensor properties. An introductory chapter highlights the concept of brain imaging and the particular importance of the neuroelectromagnetic inverse problem. This is followed by an in-depth discussion of neural information processing and brain signal generation and an introduction to the practice of data acquisition. Next, the relevant mathematical models for the sources of EEG and MEG are discussed in detail, followed by the neuroelectromagnetic forward problem, that is, the prediction of EEG or MEG signals from those source models, using biophysical descriptions of the head tissues and the sensors. The main part of this textbook is dedicated to the source reconstruction methods. The authors present a theoretical framework of the neuroelectromagnetic inverse problem, centered on Bayes’ theorem, which then serves as the basis for a detailed description of a large variety of techniques, including dipole fit methods, distributed source reconstruction, spatial filters, and dynamic source reconstruction methods. The final two chapters address the important topic of assessment, including verification and validation of source reconstruction methods, and their actual application to real-world scientific and clinical questions. This book is intended as basic reading for anybody who is engaged with EEG/MEG source reconstruction, be it as a method developer or as a user, including advanced undergraduate students, PhD students, and postdocs in neuroscience, biomedical engineering, and related fields.
Author: Russell K. Hobbie
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 038730942X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 617
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Book Description
This text bridges the gap between introductory physics and its application to the life sciences. It is intended for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. The Fourth Edition is updated to include new findings, discussion of stochastic processes and expanded coverage of anatomy and biology. The text includes many problems to test the student's understanding, and chapters include useful bibliographies for further reading. Its minimal prerequisites and wide coverage make it ideal for self-study. The fourth edition is updated throughout to reflect new developments.
Author: Christoph Mulert
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540879196
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 538
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Book Description
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and Electronecephalography (EEG) are very important and complementary modalities since fMRI offers high spatial resolution and EEG is a direct measurement of neuronal activity with high temporal resolution. Interest in the integration of both types of data is growing rapidly as it promises to provide important new insights into human brain activity as it has already done so in the field of epilepsy. The availability of good quality instrumentation capable of providing interference-free data in both modalities means that electrophysiological and haemodynamic characteristics of individual brain events can be captured for the first time. Consequently, it seems certain that the integration of fMRI and EEG will play an increasing role in neuroscience and of the clinical study of brain disorders such as epilepsy. The proposed book will discuss in detail the physiological principles, practical aspects of measurement, artefact reduction and analysis and also applications of the integration of fMRI and EEG. All applications, which are mainly in the fields of sleep research, cognitive neuroscience and clinical use in neurology and psychiatry will be reviewed.
Author: Kensuke Sekihara
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319149474
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
This graduate level textbook provides a coherent introduction to the body of main-stream algorithms used in electromagnetic brain imaging, with specific emphasis on novel Bayesian algorithms. It helps readers to more easily understand literature in biomedical engineering and related fields and be ready to pursue research in either the engineering or the neuroscientific aspects of electromagnetic brain imaging. This textbook will not only appeal to graduate students but all scientists and engineers engaged in research on electromagnetic brain imaging.
