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Author: Dr. SRINIVAS RAO BHUPALWAR & Dr. AMJADKHAN V. PATHAN
Publisher: Ashok Yakkaldevi
ISBN: 1716463335
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
Most of the heavy metal are constituents of the aquatic environment some of them are biologically essential. But some metals like Hg, Cd, Zn etc. are highly hazardous to aquatic biota and normally occur in low concentration. A few investigators studied the toxic effects of mercury and other heavy metals to aquatic animals, particularly fishes to assess the pollution hazards due to metals. Amongst pollutants, non-essential metals are major cause of concern for aquatic environment because of their toxicity, persistency, tendency to accumulate in organism and in undergoing food chain amplification (Kneip and Louer, 1973 and Vinikour et al., 1980). Heavy metals such as Hg, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni etc. generally exist within the earth crust in trace concentrations. In traces these metals are necessary for normal metabolism of the living organisms as these facilitate physiological functioning and also form part of structural components. However, anthropogenic activities such as industrial processing and use of metals, alloys and metallic compounds result in environmental contamination (Dar, 2002). Discharge of such metal containing effluents into the aquatic environment and drainage of residues of mining, there is manifold increase in the contents of these metals in the aquatic media (Kelkar, 2001) such as ponds, lakes, rivers and dams of India. According to a survey report of ATSDR (2001) almost 70% of the Indian available water has been reported to be extensively contaminated by heavy metals and other categories of chemicals. Heavy metal pollution in freshwater bodies assumes considerable significance because these are stable compounds and hence, not readily disposed off by the processes of oxidation, precipitation etc and adversely affect the activity of the animals. Heavy metals have a unique property of accumulation in organisms from very low concentration in water from lakes, rivers and dams (Kulkarni, 2000).
Author: Dr. SRINIVAS RAO BHUPALWAR & Dr. AMJADKHAN V. PATHAN
Publisher: Ashok Yakkaldevi
ISBN: 1716463335
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 57
Get Book Here
Book Description
Most of the heavy metal are constituents of the aquatic environment some of them are biologically essential. But some metals like Hg, Cd, Zn etc. are highly hazardous to aquatic biota and normally occur in low concentration. A few investigators studied the toxic effects of mercury and other heavy metals to aquatic animals, particularly fishes to assess the pollution hazards due to metals. Amongst pollutants, non-essential metals are major cause of concern for aquatic environment because of their toxicity, persistency, tendency to accumulate in organism and in undergoing food chain amplification (Kneip and Louer, 1973 and Vinikour et al., 1980). Heavy metals such as Hg, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni etc. generally exist within the earth crust in trace concentrations. In traces these metals are necessary for normal metabolism of the living organisms as these facilitate physiological functioning and also form part of structural components. However, anthropogenic activities such as industrial processing and use of metals, alloys and metallic compounds result in environmental contamination (Dar, 2002). Discharge of such metal containing effluents into the aquatic environment and drainage of residues of mining, there is manifold increase in the contents of these metals in the aquatic media (Kelkar, 2001) such as ponds, lakes, rivers and dams of India. According to a survey report of ATSDR (2001) almost 70% of the Indian available water has been reported to be extensively contaminated by heavy metals and other categories of chemicals. Heavy metal pollution in freshwater bodies assumes considerable significance because these are stable compounds and hence, not readily disposed off by the processes of oxidation, precipitation etc and adversely affect the activity of the animals. Heavy metals have a unique property of accumulation in organisms from very low concentration in water from lakes, rivers and dams (Kulkarni, 2000).
Author: Dr. SRINIVAS RAO BHUPALWAR & Dr. AMJADKHAN V. PATHAN
Publisher: Ashok Yakkaldevi
ISBN: 1716454999
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
Increasing urbanization, industrialization and green revolution leads to the continued addition of pollutants to the aquatic environment. Aquatic organisms serve as a biological indicator to monitor the aquatic pollution. Pollution may induce certain biochemical changes in aquatic organisms and before the drastic cellular and systematic dysfunctions manifest themselves, appropriate biochemical parameters related to proteins, lipids and glycogen etc. could be used effectively to known the gravity of the situation and to check it at the initial stage itself (Aldridge, 1983). Studies on energy metabolism are concerned in the way in which the major carbohydrate, lipid and proteins fuels are used by a organism for energy production. In invertebrates, changes in the biochemical constituents are pronounced which are cyclic in reproduction, since a great amount of energy, must be channelized to the gonad during reproduction. This is reflected in deposition or depletion of the nutrients with advent or departure of the reproductive period (Lambert and Dehnel, 1974). If molluscs are classified according to the types of accumulated nutrients, then Amphineura’s are lipid oriented (Giese,1966), lamellibranchs may be considered to be polysaccharide oriented (Martin,1961 and Martin and Gaddards,1966), some gastropods appear to possess a polysaccharide-oriented metabolism, while others have lipid-oriented metabolism system and cephalopods apparently do not preferentially accumulate nutrients (Chaige, 1933 and Giese, 1959).
Author: Dr. SRINIVAS RAO BHUPALWAR & Dr. AMJADKHAN V. PATHAN
Publisher: Ashok Yakkaldevi
ISBN: 1716463378
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Water as extraordinary substance, exists in three states as gases, liquid proved important for survivability of life (Simpiet al., 2011). Water quality has direct relation with aquatic productivity (Shrestha and Kazama, 2003). Riverine system comprises both main course and tributaries, carrying the one-way flow of sediment with load of dissolved matter and particulate phases coming from natural and anthropogenic sources (Rani et al. 2011). River also serves for domestic, industrial and agricultural disposal, transportation, getting food resources and for recreational activities (Dhote and Dixit, 2011). Dam and reservoir construction in river courses are booming all over the world for hydropower generation, flood control, irrigation, and water supply.Pollution of a river first affects its chemical quality and then systematically destroys the community disrupting the delicate food web. Diverse uses of the rivers are seriously impaired due to pollution and even the polluters like industry suffer due to increased pollution of the rivers. River pollution has several dimensions and effective monitoring and control of river pollution requires the expertise from various disciplines. Pollution of river is a global problem. In India it is reported that about 70% of the available water is polluted. The chief source of pollution is identified as sewage constituting 84 to 92 percent of the waste water. Industrial waste water comprised 8 to 16 percent. The indiscriminate and large-scale deforestation and over grazing in the watershed areas of river basins have caused soil erosion resulting in considerable silting of dams and shrinkage of river flows. This leads to the flooding of the rivers at the time of excessive rains. The disposal of waste leads to contamination of river and lakes chronically affecting the flora and fauna. According to surveys carried out on selected stretches of important rivers, it has been found that most of the rivers are grossly polluted. The domestic sewage discharged from a population of about 2 million gives rise to numerous water-borne diseases like typhoid, cholera, dysentery, poliomyelitis and cysticercosis, thereby affecting the human health and deterioration of the water quality.
Author: Archana Sinha
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000991911
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 303
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Book Description
This book deals with recent and upcoming technologies of breeding freshwater ornamental fish. It covers in detail areas such as status, breeding techniques, food and health management and marketing of freshwater ornamental fishes. There is a separate chapter on breeding of indigenous freshwater ornamental fishes. Emphasis is given on national and international legislation related to ornamental fish export and import. The book contains a useful chapter on the importance and role of ornamental plants and accessories. Aquarium making, decoration, water quality management and maintenance have also been well explained for hobbyists. This title has been co-published with NIPA. Not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fisheries
Languages : en
Pages : 850
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Zoological surveys
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Author: V. V. Sugunan
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251036730
Category : Fish-culture
Languages : en
Pages : 438
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Book Description
The existing literature on limnology and fisheries of Indian reservoirs has been reviewed by covering more than 100 reservoirs located in various parts of the country. An assessment of environment-mediated production functions of reservoirs has been attempted. Since the ecosystem processes in reservoirs belonging to different geo-climatic regions exhibit wide variations depending on meteorological, morphometric and hydro-edaphic features of the impoundments, an effort has been made to gauge the influence of these abiotic variables on the production dynamics. Authentic information on water areas under different categories of reservoirs has been collected and interpreted in respect of all the Indian States. An attempt has also been made to resolve the anomalies pertaining to classification and nomenclature to the extent possible. Various fisheries management norms followed in the reservoirs of the country including the selection of species for stocking, stocking rate and introduction of exotic species have been reviewed. Indian reservoirs have been stocked with the Indo-Gangetic carps for many decades and the impact of this stocking has been assessed in terms of fish production and the indigenous faunistic diversity.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: World Wide Fund for Nature
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 1204
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Book Description
Author: J.P.N. Pathak
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792320869
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Immunity in insects is different from immunity in vertebrates. Insects lack immunoglobulins even though they are capable of reacting against foreign components with effective defense mechanism. There has been a marked advancement in most of the fields of science in the past two decades. Insect immunity is also one of them. It is a developing subject which is now established as a new branch in insect study. This treatise is an attempt to compile meaningful articles of leading workers in this field, nevertheless we do not claim that leadership in insect immunity is by any means restricted to them. The idea is to provide a vibrant description of various aspects of "Insect Immunity". With the rapid development of the subject, it is difficult for any one author to discuss all the aspects of an area in a limited number of pages, even then they have done their utmost to include the entire development of the subject in their articles. The treatise deals with insect haemocytes, their population, isolation and role in defense mechanism, humoral encapsulation, inducible humoral antibacterial immunity, cellular immune reactions, role of endocrines, role of prophenol oxidase system in cellular communication, haemagglutinins and impact of parasite on insect immune system. Some topics could not be covered because experts in those area though willing could not complete their commitment within time limits.
