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Author: Laurent Loison
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040113257
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
Over the past 20 years, the role of phenotypic plasticity in Darwinian evolution has become a hotly debated topic among biologists and philosophers of science. For instance, in the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, a new form of evolutionary theory that aims to include processes not taken into account by standard theory (the Modern Synthesis), the question of the remarkable plasticity of living beings is central. Beyond Lamarckism: Plasticity in Darwinian Evolution, 1890–1970 shows that the evolutionary impact of plasticity was in fact debated long before the emergence of the current debate on the limits of the Modern Synthesis. The question of how the plasticity of organisms could play a causal role in Darwinian evolution was raised on two separate occasions: first, around 1900, with the emergence of the theory of “organic selection” and, second, during the formation of the Modern Synthesis itself, in the mid-20th century. Out of these reflections came a very large number of concepts, models, and many different terms (“organic selection”, “stabilizing selection”, “genetic assimilation”, “Baldwin effect”, etc.), which were often developed independently in various research traditions and empirical contexts. This book also looks at the reasons why these conceptions have been downplayed in the standard understanding of adaptive evolution. Showing the extraordinary complexity of this history, Beyond Lamarckism is aimed at readers interested in evolutionary theory, whether philosophers, biologists, or historians.
Author: Laurent Loison
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040113257
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 307
Get Book Here
Book Description
Over the past 20 years, the role of phenotypic plasticity in Darwinian evolution has become a hotly debated topic among biologists and philosophers of science. For instance, in the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, a new form of evolutionary theory that aims to include processes not taken into account by standard theory (the Modern Synthesis), the question of the remarkable plasticity of living beings is central. Beyond Lamarckism: Plasticity in Darwinian Evolution, 1890–1970 shows that the evolutionary impact of plasticity was in fact debated long before the emergence of the current debate on the limits of the Modern Synthesis. The question of how the plasticity of organisms could play a causal role in Darwinian evolution was raised on two separate occasions: first, around 1900, with the emergence of the theory of “organic selection” and, second, during the formation of the Modern Synthesis itself, in the mid-20th century. Out of these reflections came a very large number of concepts, models, and many different terms (“organic selection”, “stabilizing selection”, “genetic assimilation”, “Baldwin effect”, etc.), which were often developed independently in various research traditions and empirical contexts. This book also looks at the reasons why these conceptions have been downplayed in the standard understanding of adaptive evolution. Showing the extraordinary complexity of this history, Beyond Lamarckism is aimed at readers interested in evolutionary theory, whether philosophers, biologists, or historians.
Author: John Gerard Messerly
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 9780847682430
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
The first full-length study of Jean Piaget as a philosopher and evolutionist. Messerly traces Piaget's earliest conjectures about knowledge through its further developments to its mature formulation as 'genetic epistemology.' Messerly analyzes Piaget's constructivist theory of the evolution of human knowledge as continuous with, yet partially transcending, the biological process of adaptation to the environment. Messerly's study serves as an invitation to further explorations with Paiget's theory and will interest philosophers, biologists, and psychologists.
Author: Snait Gissis
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262015145
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Book Description
A reappraisal of Lamarckism--its historical impact and contemporary significance.
Author: Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110865343X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 575
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Book Description
Both natural and cultural selection played an important role in shaping human evolution. Since cultural change can itself be regarded as evolutionary, a process of gene-culture coevolution is operative. The study of human evolution - in past, present and future - is therefore not restricted to biology. An inclusive comprehension of human evolution relies on integrating insights about cultural, economic and technological evolution with relevant elements of evolutionary biology. In addition, proximate causes and effects of cultures need to be added to the picture - issues which are at the forefront of social sciences like anthropology, economics, geography and innovation studies. This book highlights discussions on the many topics to which such generalised evolutionary thought has been applied: the arts, the brain, climate change, cooking, criminality, environmental problems, futurism, gender issues, group processes, humour, industrial dynamics, institutions, languages, medicine, music, psychology, public policy, religion, sex, sociality and sports.
Author: Peter Ward
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 163286617X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
A riveting explanation of epigenetics, offering startling insights into our inheritable traits. In the 1700s, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck first described epigenetics to explain the inheritance of acquired characteristics; however, his theory was supplanted in the 1800s by Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection through heritable genetic mutations. But natural selection could not adequately explain how rapidly species re-diversified and repopulated after mass extinctions. Now advances in the study of DNA and RNA have resurrected epigenetics, which can create radical physical and physiological changes in subsequent generations by the simple addition of a single small molecule, thus passing along a propensity for molecules to attach in the same places in the next generation. Epigenetics is a complex process, but paleontologist and astrobiologist Peter Ward breaks it down for general readers, using the epigenetic paradigm to reexamine how the history of our species-from deep time to the outbreak of the Black Plague and into the present-has left its mark on our physiology, behavior, and intelligence. Most alarming are chapters about epigenetic changes we are undergoing now triggered by toxins, environmental pollutants, famine, poor nutrition, and overexposure to violence. Lamarck's Revenge is an eye-opening and provocative exploration of how traits are inherited, and how outside influences drive what we pass along to our progeny.
Author: Emanuel Adler
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110841995X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
"We usually identify international orders with stability and established arrangements of units and institutionalization"--
Author: Brian G. Henning
Publisher: Lexington Books
ISBN: 0739174371
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
It has been said that new discoveries and developments in the human, social, and natural sciences hang “in the air” (Bowler, 1983; 2008) prior to their consummation. While neo-Darwinist biology has been powerfully served by its mechanistic metaphysic and a reductionist methodology in which living organisms are considered machines, many of the chapters in this volume place this paradigm into question. Pairing scientists and philosophers together, this volume explores what might be termed “the New Frontiers” of biology, namely contemporary areas of research that appear to call an updating, a supplementation, or a relaxation of some of the main tenets of the Modern Synthesis. Such areas of investigation include: Emergence Theory, Systems Biology, Biosemiotics, Homeostasis, Symbiogenesis, Niche Construction, the Theory of Organic Selection (also known as “the Baldwin Effect”), Self-Organization and Teleodynamics, as well as Epigenetics. Most of the chapters in this book offer critical reflections on the neo-Darwinist outlook and work to promote a novel synthesis that is open to a greater degree of inclusivity as well as to a more holistic orientation in the biological sciences.
Author: Robert G. Wesson
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262731027
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
proposes an approach to evolution that is more in harmony with modern science than Darwinism or neo-Darwinism
Author: Jan Sapp
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195364686
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 283
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Book Description
The scope and significance of cytoplasmic inheritance has been the subject of one of the longest controversies in the history of genetics. In the first major book on the history of this subject, Jan Sapp analyses the persistent attempts of investigators of non-Mendelian inheritance to establish their claims in the face of strong resistance from nucleo-centric geneticists and classical neo-Darwinians. A new perspective on the history of genetics is offered as he explores the conflicts which have shaped theoretical thinking about heredity and evolution throughout the century: materialism vs. vitalism, reductionism vs. holism, preformation vs. epigenesis, neo-Darwinism vs. new-Lamarckism, and gradualism vs. saltationism. In so doing, Sapp highlights competitive struggles for power among individuals and disciplinary groups. He accepts that political interests and general social contexts may directly affect scientific ideas, but develops the stronger thesis that social interests inside science itself are always involved in the content of scientific knowledge. He goes on to show that there are no neutral judges in scientific controversies and investigates the social strategies and methodological rhetoric used by scientists when they defend or oppose a particular theory. At the same time, Sapp illustrates the social constraints that ensure the high cost and risk of entertaining unorthodox theories in the sciences.
Author: Edward John Steele
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781864487961
Category : Antibody diversity
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
This text challenges the accepted theory on the genetic mechanism of evolution. The traditional neo-darwinian view is that we are at the mercy of our genes which we inherit, largely unchanged, from our parents, apart from random mutations which accumulate and lead to change over evolutionary time. The work shows that for one adaptive body system there is strong molecular genetic evidence that aspects of acquired immunities developed by parents during their lifetime may be passed on to their children. This gives new credibility to the Lamarckian heresy - the notion of the inheritance of acquired characteristics, which has, until now, been refuted.
