Barriers and Facilitators to HIV Testing Among Residents of a High Risk African American Community PDF Download
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Author: Lindsay Beane
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of death among African Americans living in the United States. HIV testing is both an essential mechanism to support the accurate epidemiological tracking of the disease, and a crucial entry point into treatment for individuals who are infected with HIV. This cross-sectional study involving a probability sampling of adult residents of an impoverished, African American, high HIV prevalence community in northwest Baltimore was conducted to determine barriers to HIV testing on individual and system levels. The study's door-to-door household survey approach supported the goal to identify lower risk residents. An 84-question survey instrument, based on a conceptual framework loosely modeled on the Health Belief Model but tailored to an urban minority population, was used to explore both subjects' internal decision-making around HIV testing and systemic barriers to HIV testing. The instrument was implemented via face-to-face interviews with 223 adults between 18 and 88 years that were conducted in each subject's home. Regression analysis revealed that knowledge about HIV/AIDS, high risk behaviors, and perceived susceptibility to infection are all significantly associated with HIV testing, and that testing is widespread among 25 to 44-year-olds. Subjects' main reasons for testing included concerns about exposure and doctors' recommendations to get tested; subjects' reasons for not testing included the conviction that committed relationships do not carry risk, and a general lack of concern. The study's important implications included (1) perceived risk may not correlate with actual risk, and (2) a majority of subjects reported behaviors that place them at medium or high risk for infection. The disconnect between perceived and actual risk was most evident among women whose perceived In summary, while the study found no major barriers to HIV testing among an impoverished, urban, minority population, findings related to risk hold implications for HIV prevention efforts designed to reduce heterosexual transmission of the virus. Further qualitative research is needed to explore the cognitive, emotional, and socio-cultural aspects of both perceived and actual risk in the African American population. susceptibility was low even while they reported their male sexual partners' high risk behaviors -- Abstract.
Author: Lindsay Beane
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of death among African Americans living in the United States. HIV testing is both an essential mechanism to support the accurate epidemiological tracking of the disease, and a crucial entry point into treatment for individuals who are infected with HIV. This cross-sectional study involving a probability sampling of adult residents of an impoverished, African American, high HIV prevalence community in northwest Baltimore was conducted to determine barriers to HIV testing on individual and system levels. The study's door-to-door household survey approach supported the goal to identify lower risk residents. An 84-question survey instrument, based on a conceptual framework loosely modeled on the Health Belief Model but tailored to an urban minority population, was used to explore both subjects' internal decision-making around HIV testing and systemic barriers to HIV testing. The instrument was implemented via face-to-face interviews with 223 adults between 18 and 88 years that were conducted in each subject's home. Regression analysis revealed that knowledge about HIV/AIDS, high risk behaviors, and perceived susceptibility to infection are all significantly associated with HIV testing, and that testing is widespread among 25 to 44-year-olds. Subjects' main reasons for testing included concerns about exposure and doctors' recommendations to get tested; subjects' reasons for not testing included the conviction that committed relationships do not carry risk, and a general lack of concern. The study's important implications included (1) perceived risk may not correlate with actual risk, and (2) a majority of subjects reported behaviors that place them at medium or high risk for infection. The disconnect between perceived and actual risk was most evident among women whose perceived In summary, while the study found no major barriers to HIV testing among an impoverished, urban, minority population, findings related to risk hold implications for HIV prevention efforts designed to reduce heterosexual transmission of the virus. Further qualitative research is needed to explore the cognitive, emotional, and socio-cultural aspects of both perceived and actual risk in the African American population. susceptibility was low even while they reported their male sexual partners' high risk behaviors -- Abstract.
Author: Patricia B. Wright
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Author: Sean McHugh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468452576
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
In August, 1985, the 2nd International Conference on Illness Behaviour was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The first International Conference took place one year previous in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. This book is based on the proceedings of the second conference. The purpose behind this conference was to facilitate the development of a single integrated model to account for illness experience and presentation. A major focus of the conference was to outline methodological issues related to current behaviour research. A multidiscipl~nary approach was emphasized because of the bias that collaborative efforts are likely to be the most successful in achieving greater understanding of illness behaviour. Significant advances in our knowledge are occurring in all areas of the biological and social sciences, albeit more slowly in the latter areas. Marked specialization in each of these areas has lead to greater difficulty in integrating new knowledge with that of other areas and the development of a meaningful cohesive model to which all can relate. Thus there is a major need for forums such as that provided by this conference.
Author: Keosha T. Bond
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
Despite having higher rates of HIV testing than all other racial groups, African-Americans continue to be disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic in the United States. Knowing one's status is the key step to maintaining behavioral changes that could stop the spread of the virus, yet little is known about the individual- and socio-structural-level barriers associated with HIV testing and communication among heterosexual African-American men. To address this and inform the development of an HIV prevention behavioral intervention for heterosexual African-American men, we conducted computerized, structured interviews with 61 men, focus group interviews with 25 men in 5 different groups, and in-depth qualitative interviews with 30 men living in high HIV prevalence neighborhoods in New York City. Results revealed that HIV testing was frequent among the participants. Even with high rates of testing, the men in the study had low levels of HIV knowledge; perceived little risk of HIV; and misused HIV testing as a prevention method. Factors affecting HIV testing, included stigma, relationship dynamics and communication, and societal influences, suggesting that fear, low perception of risk, and HIV stigma may be the biggest barriers to HIV testing. These results also suggest that interventions directed toward African-American heterosexual men must address the use of "testing as prevention" as well as correct misunderstandings of the window period and the meaning of HIV test results, and interventions should focus on communicating about HIV.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309186498
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
More than 200,000 people in the United States living with HIV/AIDS do not know they are infected. The Institute of Medicine's Committee on HIV Screening and Access to Care held a workshop and reviewed literature to explore barriers and facilitators to more widespread HIV testing. This book contains the committee's conclusions.
Author: King K. Holmes
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464805253
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1027
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Book Description
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: Geoffrey Arthur Rose
Publisher:
ISBN: 0192630970
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
The Strategy of Preventive Medicine by Geoffrey Rose, first published in 1993, remains a key text for anyone involved in preventive medicine. Rose's insights into the inextricable relationship between ill health, or deviance, in individuals and populations they come from, have transformed our whole approach to strategies for improving health. His personal and unique book, based on many years research, sets out the case that the essential determinants of the health of society are to be found in its mass characteristics. The deviant minority can only be understood when seen in its societal context, and effective prevention requires changes which involve the population as a whole. He explores the options for prevention, considering them from various viewpoints - theoretical and scientific, sociological and political, practical and ethical. The applications of his ideas are illustrated by a variety of examples ranging from heart disease to alcoholism to road accidents. His pioneering work focused on a population wide approach to the prevention of common medical and behavioral disorders has become the classic text on the subject. This reissue brings the original text to a new generation involved in preventive medicine. Kay-Tee Khaw and Michael Marmot retain the original text intact, but have added their own perspective on the work. They examine what relevance Rose's ideas might have in the era of the human genome project and other major scientific advances, they consider examples of how the theory might be applied and generalised in medicine and beyond, and discuss what implications it holds for the future. There is also an explanation of the population perspective, clarifying the often confused thinking and arguments about determinants of individual cases and determinants of population incidence. Rose's Strategy of Preventive Medicine will ensure that this seminal work continues to be read by future generations.
Author: Gregory Jude Madden
Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn
ISBN: 9781433804779
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Book Description
Impulsivity explores the basis for the seemingly universal tendency to devalue rewards or punishments that are not immediately available. When confronted with any number of modern impulsive behaviorssuch as drug use, pathological gambling, marital infidelity, and gluttonyindividuals have a choice with two outcomes: an immediate benefit, such as getting high, or a delayed or probabilistic benefit, such as health, money saved, or the satisfaction of a good life. This volume is an approachable, comprehensive overview of the behavioral science and neuroscience of these impulsive choices and their relation to delay discounting--the tendency to devalue temporally distant rewards or punishments, even though they may greatly outbalance the immediate benefit of our choices. The cutting-edge researchers who contributed to this volume have documented cross-species similarities in impulsive decision making and pioneered the neuroscience of impulsive choice. In this text they provide insights into harmless impulsive acts as well as those that dominate and destroy lives. The contributors tackle key issues such as whether impulsivity and risk taking are a trait or state; the neuroscience, neuroeconomics, and computational modeling of neural systems underlying impulsivity; and the relation between impulsivity and addictions, health decision making, altruism, and attention-deficit disorder. Theoretical debates regarding the origins of impulsivity round out this text, which will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in psychology, behavioral economics, psychopharmacology, behavioral analysis and therapy, and the science of decision making.
Author: Caitlin Ryan
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 9780231111911
Category : Gay teenagers
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
Provides guidelines for the care and counseling of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered youth, and features a review of information and research on lesbian and gay health, identity development, and peer and family issues.
