Author: Kevin Fox
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521852173
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
The barrel cortex contains the somatosensory representation of the whiskers on the face of the rodent and forms an early stage of cortical processing for tactile information. It is an area of great importance for understanding how the cerebral cortex works because the cortical columns that form the basic building blocks of the cerebral cortex can be seen within the barrel cortex. In this advanced graduate and research level text, Kevin Fox explores three main aspects of the barrel cortex: development, sensory processing and plasticity. Initial chapters introduce the topic, describing those animals that have barrels, the functional anatomy of the system and the cellular and synaptic physiology of the cortical microcircuit. The book concludes with a chapter covering the numerous fields where the barrel cortex is used as a model system for solving problems in other areas of research, including stroke, angiogenesis and understanding active touch.
Author: Alan Peters
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780306448478
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
Volume 11 examines the many methodologies that researchers use to investigate the barrel cortex.
Author: Sten Grillner
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262072785
Category : Anatomy
Languages : en
Pages : 471
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Book Description
Leading neuroscientists discuss the function of microcircuits, functional modules that act as elementary processing units bridging single cells to systems and behavior. Microcircuits, functional modules that act as elementary processing units bridging single cells to systems and behavior, could provide the link between neurons and global brain function. Microcircuits are designed to serve particular functions; examples of these functional modules include the cortical columns in sensory cortici, glomeruli in the olfactory systems of insects and vertebrates, and networks generating different aspects of motor behavior. In this Dahlem Workshop volume, leading neuroscientists discuss how microcircuits work to bridge the single cell and systems levels and compare the intrinsic function of microcircuits with their ion channel subtypes, connectivity, and receptors, in order to understand the design principles and function of the microcircuits. The chapters cover the four major areas of microcircuit research: motor systems, including locomotion, respiration, and the saccadic eye movements; the striatum, the largest input station of the basal ganglia; olfactory systems and the neural organization of the glomeruli; and the neocortex. Each chapter is followed by a group report, a collaborative discussion among senior scientists. Contributors Lidia Alonso-Nanclares, Hagai Bergman, Maria Blatow, J. Paul Bolam, Ansgar Büschges, Antonio Caputi, Jean-Pierre Changeux, Javier DeFelipe, Carsten Duch, Paul Feinstein, Stuart Firestein, Yves Frégnac, Rainer W. Friedrich, C. Giovanni Galizia, Ann M. Graybiel, Charles A. Greer, Sten Grillner, Tadashi Isa, Ole Kiehn, Minoru Kimura, Anders Lanser, Gilles Laurent, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Wolfgang Maass, Henry Markram, David A. McCormick, Christoph M. Michel, Peter Mombaerts, Hannah Monyer, Hans-Joachim Pflüger, Dietmar Plenz, Diethelm W. Richter, Silke Sachse, H. Sebastian Seung, Keith T. Sillar, Jeffrey C. Smith, David L. Sparks, D. James Surmeier, Eörs Szathmáry, James M. Tepper, Jeff R. Wickens, Rafael Yuste
Author: Kevin D. Fox
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780511387661
Category : Cerebral cortex
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Author: Kevin Fox
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139469630
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The barrel cortex contains the somatosensory representation of the whiskers on the face of the rodent and forms an early stage of cortical processing for tactile information. It is an area of great importance for understanding how the cerebral cortex works because the cortical columns that form the basic building blocks of the cerebral cortex can be seen within the barrel cortex. In this advanced graduate and research level text, Kevin Fox explores three main aspects of the barrel cortex: development, sensory processing and plasticity. Initial chapters introduce the topic, describing those animals that have barrels, the functional anatomy of the system and the cellular and synaptic physiology of the cortical microcircuit. The book concludes with a chapter covering the numerous fields where the barrel cortex is used as a model system for solving problems in other areas of research, including stroke, angiogenesis and understanding active touch.
Author: Malgorzata Kossut
Publisher: F P Graham Company
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Author: Edward G. Jones
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475796161
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 455
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Book Description
The barrel area is a unique specialization of the cerebral cortex, shared by many species of rodents and some marsupials, in which the somatotopic map of the body surface receives direct morphological expression. Here, the homogeneous sheet of layer IV granule cells seen in most mammals is fractured into large archipelagos, each representing one of the larger subdivisions of the contra lateral half-body. Within these larger domains are smaller aggregates of granule cells that contain the concentrated terminations of thalamocortical fibers bear ing messages emanating from constellations of receptors located in finer subdi visions of a body part. These smaller aggregates are particularly well-defined in the representation of the face, where they form a one-to-one representation of the sinus hairs or vibrissae and where they have been given the name barrels. The first inklings of the unique structure of the parietal cortex of rodents came in the study of Droogleever-Fortuyn (1914), who remarked on the pres ence in it of clouds of granule cells 0. 5-1 mm in diameter, which he thought were in some way associated with concentrations of nerve fibers. Little attention, however, was paid to his observations. Lorente de N 6 (1922) later observed dense focal concentrations of afferent fiber ramifications in Golgi preparations of the mouse cortex, calling them glomeruli, and these can now be seen as the structures that form the hearts of the barrels and around which the granule cells concentrate.
Author: María Eugenia Vilarchao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
While rodents explore their environment they actively contact surrounding objects with their array of whiskers, resulting in a complex pattern of multiwhisker deflections. Despite this complexity, the whisker system is able to extract relevant information from the spatiotemporal sequence of deflections to generate touch-dependent behavior. The question that arises is: How is global multiwhisker information encoded? Whiskers are mapped onto layer 4 of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) as discrete units named “barrels”. Each barrel-related vertical column processes information coming primarily from its corresponding principal whisker (PW). Previous experiments in our lab done with extracellular recordings have revealed that neurons in the rat S1 and thalamus not only show a preferred direction for the local deflection of the PW but also for the direction of a global motion across the whisker pad. To further understand how the cortical network processes global tactile scenes, we built a set-up that enables to perform voltage sensitive dye imaging of the mouse barrel cortex while applying precise tactile stimuli using a 24-multi-whisker stimulator. We further developed a technical method to map the recorded functional data onto the cortical structure. We first studied whether local direction selectivity is spatially distributed within the barrel-related column. Responses to different directions were slightly segregated on space close to the barrel center, but the distribution differed from the one previously described in rat S1, namely a pinwheel-like structure. We then showed that global direction selectivity is spatially organized in the barrel cortex. Columns related to rostral whiskers were more selective to the global direction than columns related to caudal whiskers. Moreover, the columns related to dorsal whiskers preferred ventral global directions, while the columns related to ventral whiskers preferred caudal global directions. Overall the responses to the caudo-ventral global directions were the strongest in average for all the columns. We showed that the spatial distribution of the global direction selectivity can be explained neither by the high salience of the starting position of the deflections on the whiskerpad (a border effect), nor by the linear summation of the responses to deflections of several whiskers. Responses to the global motion of the whisker array are indeed highly sublinear independently of the direction of stimulation. In conclusion, we show here that stepping aside from the classical view of the whisker-to-barrel cortex system allows a better understanding of how different features of complex stimuli are processed and how the emergent properties of the cortex, like the global direction selectivity, are built-up.
Author: Wulfram Gerstner
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107060834
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 591
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Book Description
This solid introduction uses the principles of physics and the tools of mathematics to approach fundamental questions of neuroscience.
Author: Kathleen Rockland
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889456609
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
