Author: Steffen Gerd Hagemann
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781934969076
Category : Iron ores
Languages : en
Pages : 414
Book Description
Banded Iron Formations to Iron Ore
Author: Desmond Fitzgerald Lascelles
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781536109719
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
From the first attempts to understand the origin of giant iron ore deposits, numerous false assumptions have been used as the basis of genesis models that have become standard and unquestioned, with later research generally seeking to find evidence supporting the existing models and ignoring contrary evidence. Many models were constructed based on extremely rare features, and their absence in the global abundance of iron formations was not considered important since there was no understanding of the major sedimentary structures, i.e. laminations and banding. Inconsistencies within the hypothetical models are either ignored or excused by proposing special circumstances, but no one considers that the models might be wrong or have only limited application. Many hypotheses regarding Earths history have been postulated from the difference between Phanerozoic and Precambrian iron-formations. In particular, the development of an oxygenated atmosphere has been deduced from the supposed evolution of iron-formations. The subject has provided a fertile field for research and models of Earths history, but without clear knowledge of the sedimentation, diagenesis and metamorphism of BIFs (branded iron formations), such models are speculative or even irrelevant. Since these models on the genesis and distribution of BIF were used as proxies to answer questions regarding the composition of the early oceans and atmosphere, weathering and transport conditions on early land surface, volcanism and continental development in the Archean eon, and as they affect exploration for the largest volume and most basic of industrial metals, they have an importance beyond academic sedimentary and stratigraphic interest. The aim of this book is to present a model for the origin of BIFs and derived high-grade iron ore deposits with global applications that are still subject to correction and change as new information becomes available and are free of illogical assumptions which do not conflict with either field observations or basic chemistry and physics.
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781536109719
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
From the first attempts to understand the origin of giant iron ore deposits, numerous false assumptions have been used as the basis of genesis models that have become standard and unquestioned, with later research generally seeking to find evidence supporting the existing models and ignoring contrary evidence. Many models were constructed based on extremely rare features, and their absence in the global abundance of iron formations was not considered important since there was no understanding of the major sedimentary structures, i.e. laminations and banding. Inconsistencies within the hypothetical models are either ignored or excused by proposing special circumstances, but no one considers that the models might be wrong or have only limited application. Many hypotheses regarding Earths history have been postulated from the difference between Phanerozoic and Precambrian iron-formations. In particular, the development of an oxygenated atmosphere has been deduced from the supposed evolution of iron-formations. The subject has provided a fertile field for research and models of Earths history, but without clear knowledge of the sedimentation, diagenesis and metamorphism of BIFs (branded iron formations), such models are speculative or even irrelevant. Since these models on the genesis and distribution of BIF were used as proxies to answer questions regarding the composition of the early oceans and atmosphere, weathering and transport conditions on early land surface, volcanism and continental development in the Archean eon, and as they affect exploration for the largest volume and most basic of industrial metals, they have an importance beyond academic sedimentary and stratigraphic interest. The aim of this book is to present a model for the origin of BIFs and derived high-grade iron ore deposits with global applications that are still subject to correction and change as new information becomes available and are free of illogical assumptions which do not conflict with either field observations or basic chemistry and physics.
Banded Iron Formation-related High-grade Iron Ore
Author: Steffen Gerd Hagemann
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781934969076
Category : Iron ores
Languages : en
Pages : 414
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781934969076
Category : Iron ores
Languages : en
Pages : 414
Book Description
Ancient Banded Iron Formations
Author: J. J. Chauvel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Formations (Geology)
Languages : en
Pages : 480
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Formations (Geology)
Languages : en
Pages : 480
Book Description
The Adelaide Geosyncline
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adelaide Geosyncline (S.A.)
Languages : en
Pages : 468
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adelaide Geosyncline (S.A.)
Languages : en
Pages : 468
Book Description
Iron Formations as Palaeoenvironmental Archives
Author: Kaarel Mänd
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1009002279
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 66
Book Description
Ancient iron formations - iron and silica-rich chemical sedimentary rocks that formed throughout the Precambrian eons - provide a significant part of the evidence for the modern scientific understanding of palaeoenvironmental conditions in Archaean (4.0–2.5 billion years ago) and Proterozoic (2.5–0.539 billion years ago) times. Despite controversies regarding their formation mechanisms, iron formations are a testament to the influence of the Precambrian biosphere on early ocean chemistry. As many iron formations are pure chemical sediments that reflect the composition of the waters from which they precipitated, they can also serve as nuanced geochemical archives for the study of ancient marine temperatures, redox states, and elemental cycling, if proper care is taken to understand their sedimentological context.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1009002279
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 66
Book Description
Ancient iron formations - iron and silica-rich chemical sedimentary rocks that formed throughout the Precambrian eons - provide a significant part of the evidence for the modern scientific understanding of palaeoenvironmental conditions in Archaean (4.0–2.5 billion years ago) and Proterozoic (2.5–0.539 billion years ago) times. Despite controversies regarding their formation mechanisms, iron formations are a testament to the influence of the Precambrian biosphere on early ocean chemistry. As many iron formations are pure chemical sediments that reflect the composition of the waters from which they precipitated, they can also serve as nuanced geochemical archives for the study of ancient marine temperatures, redox states, and elemental cycling, if proper care is taken to understand their sedimentological context.
Iron-Formation: Facts and Problems
Author: A.F. Trendall
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008086905X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 559
Book Description
Iron-Formation: Facts and Problems
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008086905X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 559
Book Description
Iron-Formation: Facts and Problems
Antarctica
Author: Dieter K. Fütterer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354032934X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 473
Book Description
Sixty articles arranged in eight thematic sections refer to most recent geological and geophysical results of Antarctic research. The Precambrian of the East Antarctic shield and its geological history is considered as well as sub-ice topography, geophysics and stratigraphy, sedimentology and geophysics of the surrounding Southern Ocean. Particular emphasis is given to the connection of the Antarctic and the surrounding continents when forming part of Gondwana.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354032934X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 473
Book Description
Sixty articles arranged in eight thematic sections refer to most recent geological and geophysical results of Antarctic research. The Precambrian of the East Antarctic shield and its geological history is considered as well as sub-ice topography, geophysics and stratigraphy, sedimentology and geophysics of the surrounding Southern Ocean. Particular emphasis is given to the connection of the Antarctic and the surrounding continents when forming part of Gondwana.
Evolution of Early Earth's Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Biosphere
Author: Stephen E. Kesler
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813711983
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 350
Book Description
"The history of Earth's early atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, from Hadean through Proterozoic time, is one of geology's enduring puzzles. Ore deposits provide important insights into this history because they contain elements and minerals that are highly sensitive to the geochemical environment in which they form. Just what these minerals tell us remains a matter of considerable debate, however. When and how did life develop, an oxygen-rich atmosphere form, and sulfate dominate the ocean? This volume contains reports on these questions from both sides of the aisle for iron and manganese formations, uranium paleoplacers and hydrothermal deposits, and exhalative sulfides and oxides."--Publisher's website.
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813711983
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 350
Book Description
"The history of Earth's early atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, from Hadean through Proterozoic time, is one of geology's enduring puzzles. Ore deposits provide important insights into this history because they contain elements and minerals that are highly sensitive to the geochemical environment in which they form. Just what these minerals tell us remains a matter of considerable debate, however. When and how did life develop, an oxygen-rich atmosphere form, and sulfate dominate the ocean? This volume contains reports on these questions from both sides of the aisle for iron and manganese formations, uranium paleoplacers and hydrothermal deposits, and exhalative sulfides and oxides."--Publisher's website.
Mantle Plumes
Author: Richard E. Ernst
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 9780813723525
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 604
Book Description
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 9780813723525
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 604
Book Description
The Archaean Geology of the Kaapvaal Craton, Southern Africa
Author: Alfred Kröner
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319786520
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of one of the oldest and best-exposed Archaean cratons on this planet. There is currently a renewed interest in the early Earth, and the Kaapvaal craton has long served as a model for early crustal evolution. This unique multidisciplinary resource features information on geology, tectonics, geochemistry, and geochronology. It offers a wealth of new data on various aspects of the craton as well as contributions on the various crustal units by international specialists.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319786520
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of one of the oldest and best-exposed Archaean cratons on this planet. There is currently a renewed interest in the early Earth, and the Kaapvaal craton has long served as a model for early crustal evolution. This unique multidisciplinary resource features information on geology, tectonics, geochemistry, and geochronology. It offers a wealth of new data on various aspects of the craton as well as contributions on the various crustal units by international specialists.