Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Deposition of Thin Organic Films for Improved Adhesion in Polymer Composites PDF Download
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Author: Dominic Weeber
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Composite polymers in the form of multilayer laminates are used to produce multifunctional surfaces such as food packaging, pool linings, or automotive interiors. Individual sheets provide antimicrobial properties, water resistance, or mechanical properties and require a sound union for robust composite performance. Current industrial processes use toxic isocyanate containing adhesives to bind the multiple layers together, which could be replaced with plasma deposition of nitrogen-rich organic adhesive coatings. Here, atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is shown to enhance adhesion between a Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) substrate and Polyurethane (PU) coating in an industrially suitable process. Sample production begins by treating TPO with two stages of DBD, operating at 18.7 kHz and 9.9 kVpp. Initial plasma treatment within a simulated air mixture achieves surface activation of TPO through oxidative reactions. A nitrogen-rich organic film is then deposited in the form of a plasma polymer through further DBD treatment using a mixture of nitrogen and either ethylene or butadiene. XPS characterization of samples at this stage showed up to 25 at% Nitrogen incorporated in produced plasma polymers. Following plasma treatment of TPO, solvent based polyurethane is then twice brush coated onto the modified substrate and cured in an oven at 95 °C. Samples are finally assessed for the quality of adhesion between TPO and PU layers by qualitative and quantitative peel testing. Analysis of peel tests has shown clear improvements over samples without plasma polymer deposition, but lower delaminating loads than for samples produced with PECVD. Significant improvements including additional steps for quality control are required at lab scale to meet industrial standards. Nevertheless, the demonstrated adhesion enhancement, using an atmospheric pressure DBD plasma system, is a promising concept for polymer production. " --
Author: Dominic Weeber
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Composite polymers in the form of multilayer laminates are used to produce multifunctional surfaces such as food packaging, pool linings, or automotive interiors. Individual sheets provide antimicrobial properties, water resistance, or mechanical properties and require a sound union for robust composite performance. Current industrial processes use toxic isocyanate containing adhesives to bind the multiple layers together, which could be replaced with plasma deposition of nitrogen-rich organic adhesive coatings. Here, atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma is shown to enhance adhesion between a Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) substrate and Polyurethane (PU) coating in an industrially suitable process. Sample production begins by treating TPO with two stages of DBD, operating at 18.7 kHz and 9.9 kVpp. Initial plasma treatment within a simulated air mixture achieves surface activation of TPO through oxidative reactions. A nitrogen-rich organic film is then deposited in the form of a plasma polymer through further DBD treatment using a mixture of nitrogen and either ethylene or butadiene. XPS characterization of samples at this stage showed up to 25 at% Nitrogen incorporated in produced plasma polymers. Following plasma treatment of TPO, solvent based polyurethane is then twice brush coated onto the modified substrate and cured in an oven at 95 °C. Samples are finally assessed for the quality of adhesion between TPO and PU layers by qualitative and quantitative peel testing. Analysis of peel tests has shown clear improvements over samples without plasma polymer deposition, but lower delaminating loads than for samples produced with PECVD. Significant improvements including additional steps for quality control are required at lab scale to meet industrial standards. Nevertheless, the demonstrated adhesion enhancement, using an atmospheric pressure DBD plasma system, is a promising concept for polymer production. " --
Author: Hynek Biederman
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1860944671
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
Plasma Polymer Films examines the current status of the deposition and characterization of fluorocarbon-, hydrocarbon- and silicon-containing plasma polymer films and nanocomposites, with plasma polymer matrix. It introduces plasma polymerization process diagnostics such as optical emission spectroscopy (OES, AOES), and describes special deposition techniques such as atmospheric pressure glow discharge. Important issues for applications such as degradation and stability are treated in detail, and structural characterization, basic electrical and optical properties and biomedical applications are discussed.
Author: Anton Nikiforov
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838802495
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
Plasma as the fourth state of matter is an ionized gas consisting of both negative and positive ions, electrons, neutral atoms, radicals, and photons. In the last few decades, atmospheric-pressure plasmas have started to attract increasing attention from both scientists and industry due to a variety of potential applications. Because of increasing interest in the topic, the focus of this book is on providing engineers and scientists with a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical properties of different atmospheric-pressure plasmas via plasma diagnostic techniques and their applications. The book has been organized into two parts. Part I focuses on the latest achievements in advanced diagnostics of different atmospheric-pressure plasmas. Part II deals with applications of different atmospheric-pressure plasmas.
Author: Shujun Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric pressure
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Author: Hynek Biederman
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1783260653
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
Plasma Polymer Films examines the current status of the deposition and characterization of fluorocarbon-, hydrocarbon- and silicon-containing plasma polymer films and nanocomposites, with plasma polymer matrix. It introduces plasma polymerization process diagnostics such as optical emission spectroscopy (OES, AOES), and describes special deposition techniques such as atmospheric pressure glow discharge. Important issues for applications such as degradation and stability are treated in detail, and structural characterization, basic electrical and optical properties and biomedical applications are discussed./a
Author: Riccardo d'Agostino
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323139086
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Book Description
Plasma Deposition, Treatment, and Etching of Polymers takes a broad look at the basic principles, the chemical processes, and the diagnostic procedures in the interaction of plasmas with polymer surfaces. This recent technology has yielded a large class of new materials offering many applications, including their use as coatings for chemical fibers and films. Additional applications include uses for the passivation of metals, the surface hardening of tools, increased biocompatibility of biomedical materials, chemical and physical sensors, and a variety of micro- and optoelectronic devices. Appeals to a broad range of industries from microelectronics to space technology Discusses a wide array of new uses for plasma polymers Provides a tutorial introduction to the field Surveys various classes of plasma polymers, their chemical and morphological properties, effects of plasma process parameters on the growth and structure of these synthetic materials, and techniques for characterization Interests scientists, engineers, and students alike
Author: Hang Yu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
An atmospheric pressure helium and oxygen plasma was used to investigate surface activation and bonding in polymer composites. This device was operated by passing 1.0-3.0 vol% of oxygen in helium through a pair of parallel plate metal electrodes powered by 13.56 or 27.12 MHz radio frequency power. The gases were partially ionized between the capacitors where plasma was generated. The reactive species in the plasma were carried downstream by the gas flow to treat the substrate surface. The temperature of the plasm gas reaching the surface of the substrate did not exceed 150 oC, which makes it suitable for polymer processing. The reactive species in the plasma downstream includes ~ 1016-1017 cm-3 atomic oxygen, ~ 1015 cm-3 ozone molecule, and ~ 1016 cm-3 metastable oxygen molecule (O21 g). The substrates were treated at 2-5 mm distance from the exit of the plasma. Surface properties of the substrates were characterized using water contact angle (WCA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Subsequently, the plasma treated samples were bonded adhesively or fabricated into composites. The increase in mechanical strength was correlated to changes in the material composition and structure after plasma treatment. The work presented hereafter establishes atmospheric pressure plasma as an effective method to activate and to clean the surfaces of polymers and composites for bonding. This application can be further expanded to the activation of carbon fibers for better fiber-resin interactions during the fabrication of composites. Treating electronic grade FR-4 and polyimide with the He/O2 plasma for a few seconds changed the substrate surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, which allowed complete wetting of the surface by epoxy in underfill applications. Characterization of the surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows formation of oxygenated functional groups, including hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups, on the polymer surface after plasma treatment. The resulting strength of the bond based on lap-shear and T-peel tests correlates well with the concentration of oxygen on the polymer surface. The failure modes observed for lap-shear and T-peel tests changed from interfacial to cohesive after the plasma activation. Treating carbon-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with the atmospheric plasma resulted in the removal of fluorinated contaminants in shallow surface layers. For contaminants that diffused deeply into the composite surface, mechanical abrasion was needed in addition to the plasma treatment to remove the impurities. While cleaning the composite, plasma also generated active oxygen groups on the substrate surface. The presence of these groups improved the adhesive bonding strength of the composite even in the presence of residual fluorine contaminants. Thus, it was speculated that plasma treatment can promote better polymer adhesion with or without fluorine contamination. Carbon nanotube sheets were also treated by the helium oxygen plasma, and the CNT surface turn from super hydrophobic to hydrophilic after a few seconds of exposure. The nanotube surface contained 15 % of oxygen in the form of hydroxyl groups. Chemical coupling agents were added to the plasma activated CNT surfaces in order to crosslink the CNTs and to create bonding sites for the resin matrix. Stretched, activated and functionalized CNT was cured with dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) to produce a sheet composite with a tensile strength of 636 MPa, a modulus of 28 GPa, and a density of 1.4 g/cm3. This may be compared to aerospace-grade aluminum with tensile strength of 572 MPa, modulus of 72 GPa, and density of 2.7 g/cm3. This work demonstrates that new high-strength composite can be produced with the use of atmospheric plasma activation and chemical crosslinking of the fiber matrix.
Author: Alexander Fridman
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527349545
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 805
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Book Description
Plasma Science and Technology An accessible introduction to the fundamentals of plasma science and its applications In Plasma Science and Technology: Lectures in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Engineering, distinguished researcher Dr. Alexander Fridman delivers a comprehensive introduction to plasma technology, including fulsome descriptions of the fundamentals of plasmas and discharges. The author discusses a wide variety of practical applications of the technology to medicine, energy, catalysis, coatings, and more, emphasizing engineering and science fundamentals. Offering readers illuminating problems and concept questions to support understanding and self-study, the book also details organic and inorganic applications of plasma technologies, demonstrating its use in nature, in the lab, and in both novel and well-known applications. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the kinetics of excited atoms and molecules Comprehensive explorations of non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure cold discharges Practical discussions of plasma processing in microelectronics and other micro-technologies Expert treatments of plasma in environmental control technologies, including the cleaning of air, exhaust gases, water, and soil Perfect for students of chemical engineering, physics, and chemistry, Plasma Science and Technology will also benefit professionals working in these fields who seek a contemporary refresher in the fundamentals of plasma science and its applications.
Author: Michael Thomas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118747518
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 435
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Book Description
An indispensable volume detailing the current and potential applications of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment by experts practicing in fields around the world Polymers are used in a wide variety of industries to fabricate legions of products because of their many desirable traits. However, polymers in general (and polyolefins, in particular) are innately not very adhesionable because of the absence of polar or reactive groups on their surfaces and concomitant low surface energy. Surface treatment of polymers, however, is essential to impart reactive chemical groups on their surfaces to enhance their adhesion characteristic. Proper surface treatment can endow polymers with improved adhesion without affecting the bulk properties. A plethora of techniques (ranging from wet to dry, simple to sophisticated, vacuum to non-vacuum) for polymer surface modification have been documented in the literature but the Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (APP) treatment has attracted much attention because it offers many advantages vis-a-vis other techniques, namely uniform treatment, continuous operation, no need for vacuum, simplicity, low cost, no environmental or disposal concern, and applicability to large area samples. Although the emphasis in this book is on the utility of APP treatment for enhancement of polymer adhesion, APP is also applicable and effective to modulate many other surface properties of polymers: superhydrophilicity, superhydrophobicity, anti-fouling, anti-fogging, anti-icing, cell adhesion, biocompatibility, tribological behavior, etc. The key features of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers: Address design and functions of various types of reactors Bring out current and potential applications of APP treatment Represent the cumulative wisdom of many key academic and industry researchers actively engaged in this key and enabling technology
Author: Kash L Mittal
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780367449469
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
This book is a collection of invited papers (previously published in special issues of the Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology) written by internationally recognized researchers actively working in the field of plasma surface modification. It provides a current, comprehensive overview of the plasma treatment of polymers. In contrast to plasma polymerization, plasma surface modification reactions do not cause thin-film deposition, and can therefore only modify the surface properties of organic substrates. Plasma surface modifications are fast, efficient methods for improving the adhesion properties and other surface characteristics of a variety of polymeric materials. The focus of this volume is on adhesion phenomena, surface properties and the surface characterization of plasma-treated materials. This book opens with a critical review of the plasma surface modification of polymers for improved adhesion. The remainder of the papers are divided into two sections, one dealing with the characterization of plasma-treated surfaces and the second concerned with various practical applications of plasma-treated surfaces
