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Author: William K.-M. Lau
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642139140
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 642
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Book Description
Improving the reliability of long-range forecasts of natural disasters, such as severe weather, droughts and floods, in North America, South America, Africa and the Asian/Australasian monsoon regions is of vital importance to the livelihood of millions of people who are affected by these events. In recent years the significance of major short-term climatic variability, and events such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation in the Pacific, with its worldwide effect on rainfall patterns, has been all to clearly demonstrated. Understanding and predicting the intra-seasonal variability (ISV) of the ocean and atmosphere is crucial to improving long range environmental forecasts and the reliability of climate change projects through climate models. In the second edition of this classic book on the subject, the authors have updated the original chapters, where appropriate, and added a new chapter that includes short subjects representing substantial new development in ISV research since the publication of the first edition.
Author: William K.-M. Lau
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642139140
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 642
Get Book Here
Book Description
Improving the reliability of long-range forecasts of natural disasters, such as severe weather, droughts and floods, in North America, South America, Africa and the Asian/Australasian monsoon regions is of vital importance to the livelihood of millions of people who are affected by these events. In recent years the significance of major short-term climatic variability, and events such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation in the Pacific, with its worldwide effect on rainfall patterns, has been all to clearly demonstrated. Understanding and predicting the intra-seasonal variability (ISV) of the ocean and atmosphere is crucial to improving long range environmental forecasts and the reliability of climate change projects through climate models. In the second edition of this classic book on the subject, the authors have updated the original chapters, where appropriate, and added a new chapter that includes short subjects representing substantial new development in ISV research since the publication of the first edition.
Author: William K.-M. Lau
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354027250X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 477
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Book Description
This is the first comprehensive review of intra-seasonal variability (ISV); the contents are balanced between observation, theory and modeling. Starting with an overview of ISV and historical observations, the book addresses the coupling between ocean and atmosphere, and the worldwide role of ISV in monsoon variability. Also considered are the connections between oscillations like the Madden, Julian and El Nino/Southern and short-term climate.
Author: Carlos R. Mechoso
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108492703
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 359
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Book Description
A comprehensive review of interactions between the climates of different ocean basins and their key contributions to global climate variability and change. Providing essential theory and discussing outstanding examples as well as impacts on monsoons, it a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.
Author: Howard Cattle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309444640
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two different sources: (1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and (2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun. External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors. Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy. In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine variability in Earth's climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Author: Howard Cattle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatic changes
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309054494
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 645
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Book Description
This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
Author: Aneesh C. Subramanian
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267248305
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
Multiscale dynamics in the atmosphere-ocean system is ubiquitous from dust devils in the garden to tropical cyclones to mesoscale eddies in the ocean and deep ocean circulation. The purpose of this thesis is to advance ocean-atmosphere general circulation modeling and methodologies for data assimilation in order to resolve more pieces of the climate modeling puzzle than before. Specifically, it focuses on modeling the Madden-Julian Oscillation in a climate model and modeling mesoscale eddies in a regional ocean model with data assimilation. While most climate models today fail to simulate even the large-scale features of the MJO, we find that CCSM4 reproduces many realistic aspects of MJO behavior. CCSM4 produces coherent, broadbanded and energetic patterns in eastward propagating intraseasonal zonal winds and OLR in the tropics with MJO-like characteristics. Broadscale patterns, as revealed in combined EOFs of U850, U200 and OLR, are remarkably consistent with observations and indicate that convective coupling occurs in the simulated MJOs. Relations between the MJO in the model and its concurrence with other climate states reveal that higher amplitude MJO activity occurs during weak warm ENSO events and during periods of weak meridional shear and negative zonal shear during the Indian Monsoons. MJO response to anthropogenic climate change is assessed using CCSM4 in a second study. In global warming scenarios, the model simulation indicates an increase in the number of days with higher amplitude MJOs and also a higher number of active MJO days in the Indian and West Pacific Ocean. These findings are consistent with MJO activity observations of the present and past. The second half of this thesis discusses the implementation of assimilation methodologies in physical oceanography. It presents the mathematical recipe of the assimilation method adapted in the present study and also illustrates the implementation of assimilation of observed data over the oceans in a regional ocean model (ROMS) in the Southeast Pacific region. Fifteen-day ROMS I4D-VAR data assimilation fits are performed successfully. The normalized absolute misfit between the observations and the corresponding model states is reduced close to the observational error range. Eddies are identified from the ocean state estimate along the track of the VOCALS-Rex cruise of 2008 and studied for their hydrography and velocity structure. Cyclonic eddies (sea level anomaly lows) are characterized by shoaling isopycnals in the upper 300 m, colder temperature cores and a shallower salinity minima. It is also observed that the water mass properties of the core of the eddy has similar properties to that in the subantarctic water close to the coast. A heat budget analysis for the period of the cruise reveals that the advection is the predominant process that balances the surface heat flux and temperature tendency. Vertical diffusion is the second highest term balancing the heat budget with the horizontal diffusion being an order of magnitude smaller, Lastly, the role of the linear analysis step of the ensemble Kalman filters (EnKF) in disrupting the balanced dynamics in a simple atmospheric model is investigated and compared to a fully nonlinear particle-based filter (PF). Identical twin experiments show that EnKF and PF capture the variables on the slow manifold well as the dynamics is very stable. PFs, especially the SKRF, capture slaved modes better than the EnKF implying a full Bayesian analysis estimates the nonlinear model variables better. The PFs perform significantly better in the fully coupled nonlinear model where fast and slow variables modulate each other. This suggests that the analysis step in the PFs maintains the balance in both variables much better than the EnKF.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309060982
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
Society today may be more vulnerable to global-scale, long-term, climate change than ever before. Even without any human influence, past records show that climate can be expected to continue to undergo considerable change over decades to centuries. Measures for adaption and mitigation will call for policy decisions based on a sound scientific foundation. Better understanding and prediction of climate variations can be achieved most efficiently through a nationally recognized "dec-cen" science plan. This book articulates the scientific issues that must be addressed to advance us efficiently toward that understanding and outlines the data collection and modeling needed.
Author: Swadhin Kumar Behera
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128181575
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
Tropical and Extratropical Air-Sea Interactions: Modes of Climate Variations provides a thorough introduction to global atmospheric and oceanic processes, as well as tropical, subtropical and mid-latitude ocean-atmosphere interactions. Written by leading experts in the field, each chapter is dedicated to a specific topic of air-sea interactions (such as ENSO, IOD, Atlantic Nino, ENSO Modoki, and newly discovered coastal Niños/Niñas) and their teleconnections. As the first book to cover all topics of tropical and extra-tropical air-sea interactions and new modes of climate variations, this book is an excellent resource for researchers and students of ocean, atmospheric and climate sciences. - Presents case studies on the ocean-atmosphere phenomena, including El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole and different Nino/Nina phenomena - Provides a clear description of air-sea relationships across the world's ocean with an analysis of air-sea relations in different time scales and a focus on climate change - Includes prospects for air-sea interaction research, thus benefiting young researchers and students
