Assessment of Recycling Or Disposal Alternatives for Radioactive Scrap Metal PDF Download
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Author:
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Languages : en
Pages : 19
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The US Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management, Oak Ridge Programs Division, is participating with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in providing analytical support for evaluation of management alternatives for radioactive scrap metals. For this purpose, Argonne National Laboratory is assessing environmental and societal implications of recycling and/or disposal process alternatives. This effort includes development of inventory estimates for contaminated metals; investigation of scrap metal market structure, processes, and trends; assessment of radiological and nonradiological effects of recycling; and investigation of social and political factors that are likely to either facilitate or constrain recycling opportunities. In addition, the option of scrap metal disposal is being assessed, especially with regard to the environmental and health impacts of replacing these metals if they are withdrawn from use. This paper focuses on the radiological risk assessment and dose estimate sensitivity analysis. A {open_quotes}tiered{close_quotes} concept for release categories, with and without use restrictions, is being developed. Within the tiers, different release limits may be indicated for specific groupings of radionuclides. Depending on the spectrum of radionuclides that are present and the level of residual activity after decontamination and/or smelting, the scrap may be released for unrestricted public use or for specified public uses, or it may be recycled within the nuclear industry. The conservatism of baseline dose estimates is examined, and both more realistic parameter values and protective measures for workers are suggested.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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The US Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management, Oak Ridge Programs Division, is participating with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in providing analytical support for evaluation of management alternatives for radioactive scrap metals. For this purpose, Argonne National Laboratory is assessing environmental and societal implications of recycling and/or disposal process alternatives. This effort includes development of inventory estimates for contaminated metals; investigation of scrap metal market structure, processes, and trends; assessment of radiological and nonradiological effects of recycling; and investigation of social and political factors that are likely to either facilitate or constrain recycling opportunities. In addition, the option of scrap metal disposal is being assessed, especially with regard to the environmental and health impacts of replacing these metals if they are withdrawn from use. This paper focuses on the radiological risk assessment and dose estimate sensitivity analysis. A {open_quotes}tiered{close_quotes} concept for release categories, with and without use restrictions, is being developed. Within the tiers, different release limits may be indicated for specific groupings of radionuclides. Depending on the spectrum of radionuclides that are present and the level of residual activity after decontamination and/or smelting, the scrap may be released for unrestricted public use or for specified public uses, or it may be recycled within the nuclear industry. The conservatism of baseline dose estimates is examined, and both more realistic parameter values and protective measures for workers are suggested.
Author: W. E. Murphie
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Pierre Haultin
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 1
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This report evaluates the human health risks and environmental and socio-political impacts of options for recycling radioactive scrap metal (RSM) or disposing of and replacing it. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is assisting the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management, Oak Ridge Programs Division, in assessing the implications of RSM management alternatives. This study is intended to support the DOE contribution to a study of metal recycling being conducted by the Task Group on Recycling and Reuse of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The focus is on evaluating the justification for the practice of recycling RSM, and the case of iron and steel scrap is used as an example in assessing the impacts. To conduct the evaluation, a considerable set of data was compiled and developed. Much of this information is included in this document to provide a source book of information.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Millions of tonnes of slightly radioactive, scrap iron and steel, stainless steel, and copper are likely to become available as nuclear and other facilities and equipment are withdrawn from service. Disposition of this material is an international policy issue under consideration currently. The major alternatives for managing this material are to either develop a regulatory process for decontamination and recycling that will safeguard human health or to dispose of the scrap and replace the metal stocks. To evaluate the alternatives, we estimate quantities of scrap arising from nuclear power plant decommissioning, evaluate potential price impacts of recycling on regional markets, and assess the health and environmental impacts of the management alternatives. We conclude that decontaminating and recycling the scrap is the superior alternative.
Author: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Scientific Committee 87-4 on Management of Waste Metals Containing Radioactivity
Publisher: The
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 678
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Annotation This report identifies the sources, inventories, and characteristics of potentially radioactive scrap metal, outlines management considerations concerning its handling, discusses the development of release standards, and offers its own recommendations. Specific consideration is given to issues of radiation protection and protection against orphan source contamination. Appendices examine metal-making technology and the detection and surveillance of radiation. A glossary defines key terms and lists relevant acronyms and abbreviations. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Author:
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 782
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Author: Neil W. Kemp
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The research presented in this thesis investigates scenarios to preserve scarce radioactive waste disposal capacity of current and future UK repositories. Simplified life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost estimates are used to evaluate end-of-life options for UK radioactive metals and depleted uranium. The thesis builds on the work of previous authors by considering a wider range of potential environmental impacts and by focussing in more detail on the processes inherent in waste management and decommissioning to support future decision making. Credible disposal and treatment scenarios are developed for LCA of UK radioactive metals - initially as a hypothetical case study - then applying the research method to the entire UK radioactive metals inventory. These scenarios identify key processes for the decontamination and melting of radioactive metals for recycling in open markets or for products to re-use in the nuclear industry. The thesis uses the experience gained from investigating the UK metals inventory to explore limiting scenarios for the disposal of the UK's depleted uranium, assuming that it is classified as a future waste. The metals inventory research confirms that disposal and 'single-use' steel waste container impacts dominate the overall environmental impacts and financial costs - the impacts and costs of low level waste transport are negligible. Significant reductions in impacts and costs can be achieved by treating UK radioactive metals for recycling and re-use. The depleted uranium research indicates that the proposed current baseline for disposal is not optimal - impacts are dominated by disposal volume and other packaging options offer significant volume reduction - the environmental impacts and costs of packaging depleted uranium for the long-term storage are negligible. The thesis offers recommendations for industry and for future research for number of possible longer-term management options for UK radioactive metals and depleted uranium.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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The purpose of this study is to: (1) establish a conceptual design that integrates commercial steel mill technology with radioactive scrap metal (RSM) processing to produce carbon and stainless steel sheet and plate at a grade suitable for fabricating into radioactive waste containers; (2) determine the economic feasibility of building a micro-mill in the Western US to process 30,000 tons of RSM per year from both DOE and the nuclear utilities; and (3) provide recommendations for implementation. For purposes of defining the project, it is divided into phases: economic feasibility and conceptual design; preliminary design; detail design; construction; and operation. This study comprises the bulk of Phase 1. It is divided into four sections. Section 1 provides the reader with a complete overview extracting pertinent data, recommendations and conclusions from the remainder of the report. Section 2 defines the variables that impact the design requirements. These data form the baseline to create a preliminary conceptual design that is technically sound, economically viable, and capitalizes on economies of scale. Priorities governing the design activities are: (1) minimizing worker exposure to radionuclide hazards, (2) maximizing worker safety, (3) minimizing environmental contamination, (4) minimizing secondary wastes, and (5) establishing engineering controls to insure that the plant will be granted a license in the state selected for operation. Section 3 provides details of the preliminary conceptual design that was selected. The cost of project construction is estimated and the personnel needed to support the steel-making operation and radiological and environmental control are identified. Section 4 identifies the operational costs and supports the economic feasibility analysis. A detailed discussion of the resulting conclusions and recommendations is included in this section.
Author:
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Category : Radioactive waste disposal
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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