Author: Daniel Elliott
Publisher: BookRix
ISBN: 3739634960
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 242
Book Description
This title is one of the "Essentials" IT Books published by TechNet Publications Limited. This Book is a very helpful practical guide for beginners in the topic , which can be used as a learning material for students pursuing their studies in undergraduate and graduate levels in universities and colleges and those who want to learn the topic via a short and complete resource. We hope you find this book useful in shaping your future career. This book will be available soon...
Getting Started with ASP.NET Multitenant Applications
Author: Daniel Elliott
Publisher: BookRix
ISBN: 3739634960
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 242
Book Description
This title is one of the "Essentials" IT Books published by TechNet Publications Limited. This Book is a very helpful practical guide for beginners in the topic , which can be used as a learning material for students pursuing their studies in undergraduate and graduate levels in universities and colleges and those who want to learn the topic via a short and complete resource. We hope you find this book useful in shaping your future career. This book will be available soon...
Publisher: BookRix
ISBN: 3739634960
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 242
Book Description
This title is one of the "Essentials" IT Books published by TechNet Publications Limited. This Book is a very helpful practical guide for beginners in the topic , which can be used as a learning material for students pursuing their studies in undergraduate and graduate levels in universities and colleges and those who want to learn the topic via a short and complete resource. We hope you find this book useful in shaping your future career. This book will be available soon...
Modernizing .NET Web Applications
Author: Tomáš Herceg
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 686
Book Description
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 686
Book Description
Developing Multi-Tenant Applications for the Cloud on Windows Azure
Author: Dominic Betts
Publisher: Microsoft patterns & practices
ISBN: 9781621140221
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
How can you create an application that has truly global reach, and can scale rapidly to meet sudden massive spikes in demand? Historically, companies had to invest in an infrastructure capable of supporting such an application themselves, and plan for peak demand-which often means that much of the capacity sits idle for much of the time. Typically, only large companies would have the available resources to risk such an enterprise. The cloud has changed the rules of the game. By making infrastructure available on a "pay as you go" basis, creating a massively scalable, global application is within the reach of both large and small companies. Yes, by moving applications to the cloud you're giving up some control and autonomy, but you're also going to benefit from reduced costs, increased flexibility, and scalable computation and storage. This guide is the third release of the second volume in a series about Windows Azure. It demonstrates how you can create from scratch a multi-tenant, Software as a Service (SaaS) application to run in the cloud by using the Windows Azure tools and the increasing range of capabilities of Windows Azure. The guide focuses on both good practice design and the practicalities of implementation for multi-tenant applications, but also contains a wealth of information on factors such as security, scalability, availability, and elasticity that are relevant to all types of cloud hosted applications. The guide is intended for any architect, developer, or information technology (IT) professional who designs, builds, or operates applications and services that run on or interact with the cloud. Although applications do not need to be based on the Windows operating system to work in Windows Azure, or be written using a .NET language, this guide is written for people who work with Windows based systems. You should be familiar with the .NET Framework, Visual Studio, ASP.NET MVC, and Visual C#.
Publisher: Microsoft patterns & practices
ISBN: 9781621140221
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
How can you create an application that has truly global reach, and can scale rapidly to meet sudden massive spikes in demand? Historically, companies had to invest in an infrastructure capable of supporting such an application themselves, and plan for peak demand-which often means that much of the capacity sits idle for much of the time. Typically, only large companies would have the available resources to risk such an enterprise. The cloud has changed the rules of the game. By making infrastructure available on a "pay as you go" basis, creating a massively scalable, global application is within the reach of both large and small companies. Yes, by moving applications to the cloud you're giving up some control and autonomy, but you're also going to benefit from reduced costs, increased flexibility, and scalable computation and storage. This guide is the third release of the second volume in a series about Windows Azure. It demonstrates how you can create from scratch a multi-tenant, Software as a Service (SaaS) application to run in the cloud by using the Windows Azure tools and the increasing range of capabilities of Windows Azure. The guide focuses on both good practice design and the practicalities of implementation for multi-tenant applications, but also contains a wealth of information on factors such as security, scalability, availability, and elasticity that are relevant to all types of cloud hosted applications. The guide is intended for any architect, developer, or information technology (IT) professional who designs, builds, or operates applications and services that run on or interact with the cloud. Although applications do not need to be based on the Windows operating system to work in Windows Azure, or be written using a .NET language, this guide is written for people who work with Windows based systems. You should be familiar with the .NET Framework, Visual Studio, ASP.NET MVC, and Visual C#.
Microsoft Azure Security
Author: Roberto Freato
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1784392529
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 207
Book Description
This book is intended for Azure administrators who want to understand the application of security principles in distributed environments and how to use Azure to its full capability to reduce the risks of security breaches. Only basic knowledge of the security processes and services of Microsoft Azure is required.
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1784392529
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 207
Book Description
This book is intended for Azure administrators who want to understand the application of security principles in distributed environments and how to use Azure to its full capability to reduce the risks of security breaches. Only basic knowledge of the security processes and services of Microsoft Azure is required.
ASP.NET Core Application Development
Author: James Chambers
Publisher: Microsoft Press
ISBN: 1509304096
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1008
Book Description
This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Through four complete sprints, this book takes you through every step needed to build brand new cross-platform web apps with ASP.NET Core, and make them available on the Internet. You won't just master Microsoft's revolutionary open source ASP.NET Core technology: you'll learn how to integrate the immense power of MVC, Docker, Azure Web Apps, Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code, C#, JavaScript, TypeScript, and Entity Framework. Working through the authors' carefully designed sprints, you'll start with a blank canvas, move through software architecture and design, adjusting to user feedback, recovering from mistakes, builds, testing, deployment, maintenance, refactoring, and more. Along the way, you'll learn techniques for delivering state-of-the-art software to users more rapidly and repeatably than ever before.
Publisher: Microsoft Press
ISBN: 1509304096
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1008
Book Description
This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Through four complete sprints, this book takes you through every step needed to build brand new cross-platform web apps with ASP.NET Core, and make them available on the Internet. You won't just master Microsoft's revolutionary open source ASP.NET Core technology: you'll learn how to integrate the immense power of MVC, Docker, Azure Web Apps, Visual Studio and Visual Studio Code, C#, JavaScript, TypeScript, and Entity Framework. Working through the authors' carefully designed sprints, you'll start with a blank canvas, move through software architecture and design, adjusting to user feedback, recovering from mistakes, builds, testing, deployment, maintenance, refactoring, and more. Along the way, you'll learn techniques for delivering state-of-the-art software to users more rapidly and repeatably than ever before.
ASP.NET Core and Vue.js
Author: Devlin Basilan Duldulao
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1800201265
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 479
Book Description
A busy .NET developer's step-by-step guide to building fully functional, cloud-ready, and professional web apps without diving into the theory of frameworks and libraries Key FeaturesDiscover tenants of clean architecture in the latest ASP.NET Core 5 Web APIDevelop Vue.js 3 single-page applications (SPAs) using TypeScript and VuexLearn techniques to secure, test, and deploy your full-stack web apps on AzureBook Description Vue.js 3 is faster and smaller than the previous version, and TypeScript’s full support out of the box makes it a more maintainable and easier-to-use version of Vue.js. Then, there's ASP.NET Core 5, which is the fastest .NET web framework today. Together, Vue.js for the frontend and ASP.NET Core 5 for the backend make a powerful combination. This book follows a hands-on approach to implementing practical methodologies for building robust applications using ASP.NET Core 5 and Vue.js 3. The topics here are not deep dive and the book is intended for busy .NET developers who have limited time and want a quick implementation of a clean architecture with popular libraries. You’ll start by setting up your web app’s backend, guided by clean architecture, command query responsibility segregation (CQRS), mediator pattern, and Entity Framework Core 5. The book then shows you how to build the frontend application using best practices, state management with Vuex, Vuetify UI component libraries, Vuelidate for input validations, lazy loading with Vue Router, and JWT authentication. Later, you’ll focus on testing and deployment. All the tutorials in this book support Windows 10, macOS, and Linux users. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to build an enterprise full-stack web app, use the most common npm packages for Vue.js and NuGet packages for ASP.NET Core, and deploy Vue.js and ASP.NET Core to Azure App Service using GitHub Actions. What you will learnDiscover CQRS and mediator pattern in the ASP.NET Core 5 Web APIUse Serilog, MediatR, FluentValidation, and Redis in ASP.NETExplore common Vue.js packages such as Vuelidate, Vuetify, and VuexManage complex app states using the Vuex state management libraryWrite integration tests in ASP.NET Core using xUnit and FluentAssertionsDeploy your app to Microsoft Azure using the new GitHub Actions for continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD)Who this book is for This app development book is for .NET developers who want to get started with Vue.js and build full-stack enterprise web applications. Web developers looking to build a proof-of-concept application quickly and pragmatically using their existing knowledge of ASP.NET Core as well as developers who want to write readable and maintainable code using TypeScript and the C# programming language will also find this book useful. The book assumes intermediate-level .NET knowledge along with an understanding of C# programming, JavaScript, and ECMAScript.
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1800201265
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 479
Book Description
A busy .NET developer's step-by-step guide to building fully functional, cloud-ready, and professional web apps without diving into the theory of frameworks and libraries Key FeaturesDiscover tenants of clean architecture in the latest ASP.NET Core 5 Web APIDevelop Vue.js 3 single-page applications (SPAs) using TypeScript and VuexLearn techniques to secure, test, and deploy your full-stack web apps on AzureBook Description Vue.js 3 is faster and smaller than the previous version, and TypeScript’s full support out of the box makes it a more maintainable and easier-to-use version of Vue.js. Then, there's ASP.NET Core 5, which is the fastest .NET web framework today. Together, Vue.js for the frontend and ASP.NET Core 5 for the backend make a powerful combination. This book follows a hands-on approach to implementing practical methodologies for building robust applications using ASP.NET Core 5 and Vue.js 3. The topics here are not deep dive and the book is intended for busy .NET developers who have limited time and want a quick implementation of a clean architecture with popular libraries. You’ll start by setting up your web app’s backend, guided by clean architecture, command query responsibility segregation (CQRS), mediator pattern, and Entity Framework Core 5. The book then shows you how to build the frontend application using best practices, state management with Vuex, Vuetify UI component libraries, Vuelidate for input validations, lazy loading with Vue Router, and JWT authentication. Later, you’ll focus on testing and deployment. All the tutorials in this book support Windows 10, macOS, and Linux users. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to build an enterprise full-stack web app, use the most common npm packages for Vue.js and NuGet packages for ASP.NET Core, and deploy Vue.js and ASP.NET Core to Azure App Service using GitHub Actions. What you will learnDiscover CQRS and mediator pattern in the ASP.NET Core 5 Web APIUse Serilog, MediatR, FluentValidation, and Redis in ASP.NETExplore common Vue.js packages such as Vuelidate, Vuetify, and VuexManage complex app states using the Vuex state management libraryWrite integration tests in ASP.NET Core using xUnit and FluentAssertionsDeploy your app to Microsoft Azure using the new GitHub Actions for continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD)Who this book is for This app development book is for .NET developers who want to get started with Vue.js and build full-stack enterprise web applications. Web developers looking to build a proof-of-concept application quickly and pragmatically using their existing knowledge of ASP.NET Core as well as developers who want to write readable and maintainable code using TypeScript and the C# programming language will also find this book useful. The book assumes intermediate-level .NET knowledge along with an understanding of C# programming, JavaScript, and ECMAScript.
Modern Web Development
Author: Dino Esposito
Publisher: Microsoft Press
ISBN: 1509300546
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1061
Book Description
Master powerful new approaches to web architecture, design, and user experience This book presents a pragmatic, problem-driven, user-focused approach to planning, designing, and building dynamic web solutions. You’ll learn how to gain maximum value from Domain-Driven Design (DDD), define optimal supporting architecture, and succeed with modern UX-first design approaches. The author guides you through choosing and implementing specific technologies and addresses key user-experience topics, including mobile-friendly and responsive design. You’ll learn how to gain more value from existing Microsoft technologies such as ASP.NET MVC and SignalR by using them alongside other technologies such as Bootstrap, AJAX, JSON, and JQuery. By using these techniques and understanding the new ASP.NET Core 1.0, you can quickly build advanced web solutions that solve today’s problems and deliver an outstanding user experience. Microsoft MVP Dino Esposito shows you how to: Plan websites and web apps to mirror real-world social and business processes Use DDD to dissect and master the complexity of business domains Use UX-Driven Design to reduce costs and give customers what they want Realistically compare server-side and client-side web paradigms Get started with the new ASP.NET Core 1.0 Simplify modern visual webpage construction with Bootstrap Master practical, efficient techniques for running ASP.NET MVC projects Consider new options for implementing persistence and working with data models Understand Responsive Web Design’s pros, cons, and tradeoffs Build truly mobile-friendly, mobile-optimized websites About This Book For experienced developers and solution architects who want to plan and develop web solutions more effectively Assumes basic familiarity with the Microsoft web development stack
Publisher: Microsoft Press
ISBN: 1509300546
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1061
Book Description
Master powerful new approaches to web architecture, design, and user experience This book presents a pragmatic, problem-driven, user-focused approach to planning, designing, and building dynamic web solutions. You’ll learn how to gain maximum value from Domain-Driven Design (DDD), define optimal supporting architecture, and succeed with modern UX-first design approaches. The author guides you through choosing and implementing specific technologies and addresses key user-experience topics, including mobile-friendly and responsive design. You’ll learn how to gain more value from existing Microsoft technologies such as ASP.NET MVC and SignalR by using them alongside other technologies such as Bootstrap, AJAX, JSON, and JQuery. By using these techniques and understanding the new ASP.NET Core 1.0, you can quickly build advanced web solutions that solve today’s problems and deliver an outstanding user experience. Microsoft MVP Dino Esposito shows you how to: Plan websites and web apps to mirror real-world social and business processes Use DDD to dissect and master the complexity of business domains Use UX-Driven Design to reduce costs and give customers what they want Realistically compare server-side and client-side web paradigms Get started with the new ASP.NET Core 1.0 Simplify modern visual webpage construction with Bootstrap Master practical, efficient techniques for running ASP.NET MVC projects Consider new options for implementing persistence and working with data models Understand Responsive Web Design’s pros, cons, and tradeoffs Build truly mobile-friendly, mobile-optimized websites About This Book For experienced developers and solution architects who want to plan and develop web solutions more effectively Assumes basic familiarity with the Microsoft web development stack
Cloud Computing with the Windows Azure Platform
Author: Roger Jennings
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118058755
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 363
Book Description
Leverage the power of the Azure Services Platform for cloud computing With the Azure Services Platform, processing and storing data moves from individual corporate servers and Web sites to larger, more reliable, and more secure data centers. Roger Jennings, author of more than 30 books on Microsoft technologies, shows you how to leverage the power of Azure and its related services for cloud computing. The book begins with a look at the differences between cloud computing and application hosting and examines the various issues that .NET developers and IT managers face in moving from on-premise to cloud-based applications, including security, privacy, regulatory compliance, backup and recovery, asset cataloging, and other common technical issues. The author then drills down, showing basic programming for individual Azure components, including storage, SQL Data Services, and .NET Services. He then moves on to cover more advanced programming challenges. Explains the benefits of using the Azure Services Platform for cloud computing Shows how to program with Windows Azure components, including Azure Table and Blob storage, .NET Services and SQL Azure Addresses advanced programming challenges of creating useful projects that combine cloud storage with Web applications or services Companion Web site features complete, finished applications that can be uploaded to jump start a Windows Azure project Roger Jennings clears away the clouds and gets you started using the Azure Services Platform.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118058755
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 363
Book Description
Leverage the power of the Azure Services Platform for cloud computing With the Azure Services Platform, processing and storing data moves from individual corporate servers and Web sites to larger, more reliable, and more secure data centers. Roger Jennings, author of more than 30 books on Microsoft technologies, shows you how to leverage the power of Azure and its related services for cloud computing. The book begins with a look at the differences between cloud computing and application hosting and examines the various issues that .NET developers and IT managers face in moving from on-premise to cloud-based applications, including security, privacy, regulatory compliance, backup and recovery, asset cataloging, and other common technical issues. The author then drills down, showing basic programming for individual Azure components, including storage, SQL Data Services, and .NET Services. He then moves on to cover more advanced programming challenges. Explains the benefits of using the Azure Services Platform for cloud computing Shows how to program with Windows Azure components, including Azure Table and Blob storage, .NET Services and SQL Azure Addresses advanced programming challenges of creating useful projects that combine cloud storage with Web applications or services Companion Web site features complete, finished applications that can be uploaded to jump start a Windows Azure project Roger Jennings clears away the clouds and gets you started using the Azure Services Platform.
Programming ASP.NET Core
Author: Dino Esposito
Publisher: Microsoft Press
ISBN: 1509305203
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1126
Book Description
The complete, pragmatic guide to building high-value solutions with ASP.NET Core Programming ASP.NET Core is the definitive guide to practical web-based application development with Microsoft’s new ASP.NET Core framework. Microsoft MVP Dino Esposito introduces proven techniques and well-crafted example code for solving real problems with ASP.NET Core. Step by step, he guides you through using all key ASP.NET Core technologies, including MVC for HTML generation, .NET Core, EF Core, ASP.NET Identity, dependency injection, and much more. Esposito thoroughly covers ASP.NET Core’s cross-platform capabilities and what’s changed from older ASP.NET versions, but he doesn’t stop there: he offers a complete learning path for every developer who wants to build production solutions, including mobile-specific solutions. Microsoft MVP Dino Esposito shows how to: • Create new projects and understand their structure • Set up and use the familiar MVC application model in ASP.NET Core • Write controller class code to govern all stages of request processing • Serve HTML from controllers, or directly via Razor Pages • Master the Razor language for quickly defining the layout of HTML views • Manage cross-cutting concerns such as global configuration data, error and exception handling, controller class design, and dependency injection • Secure applications with user authentication and ASP.NET Core’s policy-based user authorization API • Design for efficient data access, and choose the right option for reading and writing data • Build ASP.NET Core Web APIs that return JSON, XML, or other data • Use data binding to programmatically update visual components with fresh information • Build device-friendly web views for iOS and Android • Explore the radically new ASP.NET Core runtime environment and Dependency Injection (DI) infrastructure
Publisher: Microsoft Press
ISBN: 1509305203
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1126
Book Description
The complete, pragmatic guide to building high-value solutions with ASP.NET Core Programming ASP.NET Core is the definitive guide to practical web-based application development with Microsoft’s new ASP.NET Core framework. Microsoft MVP Dino Esposito introduces proven techniques and well-crafted example code for solving real problems with ASP.NET Core. Step by step, he guides you through using all key ASP.NET Core technologies, including MVC for HTML generation, .NET Core, EF Core, ASP.NET Identity, dependency injection, and much more. Esposito thoroughly covers ASP.NET Core’s cross-platform capabilities and what’s changed from older ASP.NET versions, but he doesn’t stop there: he offers a complete learning path for every developer who wants to build production solutions, including mobile-specific solutions. Microsoft MVP Dino Esposito shows how to: • Create new projects and understand their structure • Set up and use the familiar MVC application model in ASP.NET Core • Write controller class code to govern all stages of request processing • Serve HTML from controllers, or directly via Razor Pages • Master the Razor language for quickly defining the layout of HTML views • Manage cross-cutting concerns such as global configuration data, error and exception handling, controller class design, and dependency injection • Secure applications with user authentication and ASP.NET Core’s policy-based user authorization API • Design for efficient data access, and choose the right option for reading and writing data • Build ASP.NET Core Web APIs that return JSON, XML, or other data • Use data binding to programmatically update visual components with fresh information • Build device-friendly web views for iOS and Android • Explore the radically new ASP.NET Core runtime environment and Dependency Injection (DI) infrastructure
Mastering Identity and Access Management with Microsoft Azure
Author: Jochen Nickel
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1789131154
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 681
Book Description
Start empowering users and protecting corporate data, while managing identities and access with Microsoft Azure in different environments Key FeaturesUnderstand how to identify and manage business drivers during transitionsExplore Microsoft Identity and Access Management as a Service (IDaaS) solutionOver 40 playbooks to support your learning process with practical guidelinesBook Description Microsoft Azure and its Identity and access management are at the heart of Microsoft's software as service products, including Office 365, Dynamics CRM, and Enterprise Mobility Management. It is crucial to master Microsoft Azure in order to be able to work with the Microsoft Cloud effectively. You’ll begin by identifying the benefits of Microsoft Azure in the field of identity and access management. Working through the functionality of identity and access management as a service, you will get a full overview of the Microsoft strategy. Understanding identity synchronization will help you to provide a well-managed identity. Project scenarios and examples will enable you to understand, troubleshoot, and develop on essential authentication protocols and publishing scenarios. Finally, you will acquire a thorough understanding of Microsoft Information protection technologies. What you will learnApply technical descriptions to your business needs and deploymentsManage cloud-only, simple, and complex hybrid environmentsApply correct and efficient monitoring and identity protection strategiesDesign and deploy custom Identity and access management solutionsBuild a complete identity and access management life cycleUnderstand authentication and application publishing mechanismsUse and understand the most crucial identity synchronization scenariosImplement a suitable information protection strategyWho this book is for This book is a perfect companion for developers, cyber security specialists, system and security engineers, IT consultants/architects, and system administrators who are looking for perfectly up–to-date hybrid and cloud-only scenarios. You should have some understanding of security solutions, Active Directory, access privileges/rights, and authentication methods. Programming knowledge is not required but can be helpful for using PowerShell or working with APIs to customize your solutions.
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1789131154
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 681
Book Description
Start empowering users and protecting corporate data, while managing identities and access with Microsoft Azure in different environments Key FeaturesUnderstand how to identify and manage business drivers during transitionsExplore Microsoft Identity and Access Management as a Service (IDaaS) solutionOver 40 playbooks to support your learning process with practical guidelinesBook Description Microsoft Azure and its Identity and access management are at the heart of Microsoft's software as service products, including Office 365, Dynamics CRM, and Enterprise Mobility Management. It is crucial to master Microsoft Azure in order to be able to work with the Microsoft Cloud effectively. You’ll begin by identifying the benefits of Microsoft Azure in the field of identity and access management. Working through the functionality of identity and access management as a service, you will get a full overview of the Microsoft strategy. Understanding identity synchronization will help you to provide a well-managed identity. Project scenarios and examples will enable you to understand, troubleshoot, and develop on essential authentication protocols and publishing scenarios. Finally, you will acquire a thorough understanding of Microsoft Information protection technologies. What you will learnApply technical descriptions to your business needs and deploymentsManage cloud-only, simple, and complex hybrid environmentsApply correct and efficient monitoring and identity protection strategiesDesign and deploy custom Identity and access management solutionsBuild a complete identity and access management life cycleUnderstand authentication and application publishing mechanismsUse and understand the most crucial identity synchronization scenariosImplement a suitable information protection strategyWho this book is for This book is a perfect companion for developers, cyber security specialists, system and security engineers, IT consultants/architects, and system administrators who are looking for perfectly up–to-date hybrid and cloud-only scenarios. You should have some understanding of security solutions, Active Directory, access privileges/rights, and authentication methods. Programming knowledge is not required but can be helpful for using PowerShell or working with APIs to customize your solutions.