Articles des statuts et ordonnances que les maîtres ... du métier de cartier ... ont fait mettre par écrit, et signés ... pour le règlement de police que les maîtres ... requièrent être gardés et observés entre eux ... (31 mars 1594.).

Articles des statuts et ordonnances que les maîtres ... du métier de cartier ... ont fait mettre par écrit, et signés ... pour le règlement de police que les maîtres ... requièrent être gardés et observés entre eux ... (31 mars 1594.). PDF Author: France
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages :

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Outline of Cultural Materials

Outline of Cultural Materials PDF Author: George Peter Murdock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anthropology
Languages : en
Pages : 164

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Hate Crimes

Hate Crimes PDF Author: James B. Jacobs
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190286318
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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Book Description
In the early 1980s, a new category of crime appeared in the criminal law lexicon. In response to concerted advocacy-group lobbying, Congress and many state legislatures passed a wave of "hate crime" laws requiring the collection of statistics on, and enhancing the punishment for, crimes motivated by certain prejudices. This book places the evolution of the hate crime concept in socio-legal perspective. James B. Jacobs and Kimberly Potter adopt a skeptical if not critical stance, maintaining that legal definitions of hate crime are riddled with ambiguity and subjectivity. No matter how hate crime is defined, and despite an apparent media consensus to the contrary, the authors find no evidence to support the claim that the United States is experiencing a hate crime epidemic--instead, they cast doubt on whether the number of hate crimes is even increasing. The authors further assert that, while the federal effort to establish a reliable hate crime accounting system has failed, data collected for this purpose have led to widespread misinterpretation of the state of intergroup relations in this country. The book contends that hate crime as a socio-legal category represents the elaboration of an identity politics now manifesting itself in many areas of the law. But the attempt to apply the anti-discrimination paradigm to criminal law generates problems and anomalies. For one thing, members of minority groups are frequently hate crime perpetrators. Moreover, the underlying conduct prohibited by hate crime law is already subject to criminal punishment. Jacobs and Potter question whether hate crimes are worse or more serious than similar crimes attributable to other anti-social motivations. They also argue that the effort to single out hate crime for greater punishment is, in effect, an effort to punish some offenders more seriously simply because of their beliefs, opinions, or values, thus implicating the First Amendment. Advancing a provocative argument in clear and persuasive terms, Jacobs and Potter show how the recriminalization of hate crime has little (if any) value with respect to law enforcement or criminal justice. Indeed, enforcement of such laws may exacerbate intergroup tensions rather than eradicate prejudice.

Byzantium After Byzantium

Byzantium After Byzantium PDF Author: Nicolae Iorga
Publisher: Center For Romanian Studies
ISBN: 9781592111367
Category : Byzantine Empire
Languages : en
Pages : 256

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Originally published in French in 1935, the author's formula Byzantium after Byzantium defines several centuries of world history. Iorga points out the great contributions of Byzantine civilization to the Western world, especially during the Renaissance. He demonstrates that Byzantium survived through its people and local autonomies, as well as through its exiles--clerics, scholars, merchants, and political officials. One of the most important expressions of this was found in the Romanian principalities where Greeks from the Phanar district of Istanbul played a major role in Romanian political life, defining an entire period of Romanian history--the Phanariot Period. They continued the Byzantine ideas, aspirations, education, and way of life. All of this allows us to speak of a Byzantium after Byzantium.

Critical Perspectives on Hate Crime

Critical Perspectives on Hate Crime PDF Author: Amanda Haynes
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 113752667X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 523

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This book provides a unique insight into the lived realities of hate crime in Ireland and its treatment within the criminal justice system. The significance of the Irish case is contextualised within the European and global policy contexts and an overview of hate crime in Ireland, both north and south, and its differential treatment in each jurisdiction’s criminal justice system is offered. Presenting empirically grounded analyses of the experiences of commonly targeted identity groups in an Irish context, this study also draws upon their exposure to hate crime and challenges encountered in seeking redress. Combining theory, research and practice, this book represents legal, social, cultural and political concerns pertinent to understanding, preventing, deterring and combatting hate crime across Ireland. It incorporates a variety of perspectives on the hate crime paradigm and addresses many of the cutting-edge debates arising in the field of hate studies. Contributions from Irish and international academic researchers are complemented by applied pieces authored by practitioners and policy makers actively engaged with affected communities. This is a progressive and informed text which will be of great value to activists, policy makers and scholars of hate crime and criminal justice.

Facets of the Collection

Facets of the Collection PDF Author: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Photography
Languages : en
Pages : 42

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The Haitian Revolution

The Haitian Revolution PDF Author:
Publisher: Hackett Publishing
ISBN: 1624661777
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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"A landmark collection of documents by the field's leading scholar. This reader includes beautifully written introductions and a fascinating array of never-before-published primary documents. These treasures from the archives offer a new picture of colonial Saint-Domingue and the Haitian Revolution. The translations are lively and colorful." --Alyssa Sepinwall, California State University San Marcos

Slaves, Subjects, and Subversives

Slaves, Subjects, and Subversives PDF Author: Jane Landers
Publisher: UNM Press
ISBN: 9780826323972
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 332

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Book Description
A comprehensive study of African slavery in the colonies of Spain and Portugal in the New World.

Before Haiti: Race and Citizenship in French Saint-Domingue

Before Haiti: Race and Citizenship in French Saint-Domingue PDF Author: J. Garrigus
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1403984433
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 401

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Book Description
Please note this is a 'Palgrave to Order' title (PTO). Stock of this book requires shipment from an overseas supplier. It will be delivered to you within 12 weeks. This book details how France's most profitable plantation colony became Haiti, Latin America's first independent nation, through an uprising by slaves and the largest and wealthiest free population of people of African descent in the New World. Garrigus explains the origins of this free colored class, exposes the ways its members supported and challenged slavery, and examines how they shaped a new 'American' identity.

Haitian Revolutionary Studies

Haitian Revolutionary Studies PDF Author: David Patrick Geggus
Publisher: Indiana University Press
ISBN: 0253109264
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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Book Description
The Haitian Revolution of 1789–1803 transformed the Caribbean's wealthiest colony into the first independent state in Latin America, encompassed the largest slave uprising in the Americas, and inflicted a humiliating defeat on three colonial powers. In Haitian Revolutionary Studies, David Patrick Geggus sheds new light on this tremendous upheaval by marshaling an unprecedented range of evidence drawn from archival research in six countries. Geggus's fine-grained essays explore central issues and little-studied aspects of the conflict, including new historiography and sources, the origins of the black rebellion, and relations between slaves and free people of color. The contributions of vodou and marronage to the slave uprising, Toussaint Louverture and the abolition question, the policies of the major powers toward the revolution, and its interaction with the early French Revolution are also addressed. Questions about ethnicity, identity, and historical knowledge inform this essential study of a complex revolution.