Author: Brian Thomas Shollar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Accurate travel time data are necessary to monitor and evaluate traffic conditions effectively. In the past 20 years, the hours per year lost by the average driver have increased by 300% in the 85 largest U.S. cities, which translates into lost productivity and increased costs. State department of transportation (DOT) agencies and other government organizations need accurate travel time and speed information to better combat this congestion faced by motorists. In the past, ground truth travel time information was typically collected with probe vehicles using the "floating car" method. However, new methods using data collected from global positioning systems by private companies such as INRIX®, Navteq®ʼ, and TomTom® have emerged that allow travel time data to be obtained more cheaply and quickly. The Urban Mobility Report (UMR) has turned to these companies, specifically INRIX®, for calculating congestion indices across the United States. This is done by analyzing average speeds and reference speeds supplied by INRIX. The UMR analysis relies on INRIX-supplied reference speeds to calculate delay, which produces artificially high delay on many suburban arterials. Currently, these reference speeds are determined by taking the 85th percentile of weekly speeds (typically overnight hours [10PM to 6AM]). There is a need to refine the reference speeds on arterials in order to account for signal operations, particularly during the daytime hours, so that the UMR more accurately reflects arterial congestion across the nation. Using Bluetooth and INRIX speed data, this thesis develops a new reference speed methodology that accurately reflects arterial delay during daytime hours. This study found that a 60% daytime free-flow reference speed best represents arterial congestion. Using Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) guidelines, this thesis also explores the use of Bluetooth data for arterial and intersection level of service (LOS) analysis under both HCM 2000 and HCM 2010 methodologies. Through analysis, it was found that Bluetooth data capture more of the high and low LOS values compared to the HCM methodology based on segment speed calculations. These high and low LOS values, as well as the rapidly changing LOS between 15-minute intervals, could be attributed to an insufficient sample size. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148221
Author: Cameron Berko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Signal retiming is an appealing strategy for improving network performance because it does not require the addition of new roadway capacity. The emergence of Bluetooth technology presents an alternative method of collecting travel time data to evaluate the implementation of signal retiming measures along an arterial corridor via a before-and-after study. As opposed to the industry standard of collecting a limited number of travel times via dedicated travel time runs using vehicles equipped with GPS data loggers, Bluetooth technology allows for a much greater number of travel times to be collected from a wider range of vehicles and drivers. However, the need persists for a practitioner-ready methodology that details how data collected in this manner should be used to evaluate signal retiming measures. This need formed the basis upon which this investigation was conducted. Both field and simulated arterial corridors were examined in this research. The field corridor consisted of a 15.1-kilometre long section of Victoria Park Avenue located in Toronto, Ontario that contained 37 signalized intersections. Seven Bluetooth detectors were deployed to collect data, meaning that the corridor was divided into six links. GPS probe runs were also available for comparison. The simulated corridor consisted of a 4.8-kilometre long section of Hespeler Road in Cambridge, Ontario that contained 12 signalized intersections. Three Bluetooth detectors were deployed to collect data, meaning that the corridor was divided into two links. GPS probe runs were also simulated. Bluetooth travel times were available at the path level (i.e. travel times of vehicles that traversed the entire length of the arterial corridor) and at the link level (i.e. travel times of vehicles that traversed only part of the corridor). To develop measures of effectiveness for evaluating signal retiming measures, the merits of each of these data sets for this purpose were first identified. Through statistical testing, it was found to be infeasible to use the travel times of vehicles that traversed the entire corridor for signal retiming evaluation due to the small number of travel times collected. Instead, a corridor should be subdivided into links through the placement of multiple Bluetooth detectors to increase the number of travel times collected. Next, recommendations regarding the characteristics of a signal retiming study were proposed. A regression model was developed using the field data to allow a practitioner to estimate the duration of the data collection period based on the characteristics of the corridor. Using the results produced by applying this regression model to the field data, recommendations were provided for the spacing of detectors. Next, measures of effectiveness to assess the impacts of signal retiming were developed. The recommended measures incorporated the difference in the means of the Before and After travel time data, the number of vehicles that traversed each link of the corridor, and statistical significance of the difference in the means. These measures provide a practitioner with an idea of the travel time savings or losses produced for the corridor, the degree to which these savings or losses were experienced by vehicles that traversed the corridor, and whether or not these savings or losses were statistically significant. The proposed measures were applied to both the field and simulated Bluetooth travel time data. These results were then compared to the results obtained by applying these measures to the GPS probe runs and to the true changes in travel time for the simulated corridor. Since one commonly cited weakness of Bluetooth travel time data is the presence of outliers in the measured travel times, the sensitivity of the proposed measure of effectiveness to the presence of outliers (i.e. travel times whose magnitudes were not representative of the traffic stream for which signal retiming was intended) was examined using the field Bluetooth travel time data. It was demonstrated that the developed measures are not significantly influenced by the presence of outliers. This investigation provides a practitioner with guidance on how to perform a before-and-after evaluation of a signal retiming study using Bluetooth travel time data. This investigation demonstrated that the division of an arterial corridor into smaller segments produces enough data to be able to statistically differentiate between travel times collected before and after signal retiming measures have been implemented. Guidance is also provided regarding the duration of the data collection period and how to divide the corridor into links through detector spacing. Finally, the developed measures of effectiveness provide concise evidence of the success or failure of signal retiming that a practitioner can present to stakeholders and policymakers with ease.
Author: Shriniwas S. Arkatkar
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811537429
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 713
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Book Description
This book comprises select proceedings of the National Conference on Recent Advances in Traffic Engineering (RATE 2018) with technical papers on the themes of traffic operation control and management, traffic safety and vulnerable road users, and sustainable transportation. It covers a wide range of topics, including advanced traffic data collection methods, big data analysis, mix-traffic characterization and modelling, travel time reliability, scenario of pedestrian and non-motorised vehicles (NMVs) traffic, regional traffic growth modelling, and applications of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in traffic management. The contents of this book offer up-to-date and practical knowledge on different aspects of traffic engineering, which is useful for students, researchers as well as practitioners.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Multisensor data fusion
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Travel time is one of the most widely used measures of traffic performance monitoring for the transportation systems. It is a simple concept that refers to the time required to traverse between two points of interest. Travel time is communicated and used by a wide variety of audience such as commuters, media reporters, and transportation engineers and planners. Recent developments within the wireless communication area made it possible to collect travel time data at a relatively low cost. These emerging technologies include mobile phone based technologies, in-vehicle navigation technologies and automatic vehicle identification technologies. Although these technologies offer a great collection source for travel time data, they have different levels of accuracy. In this research two sources of travel time data were evaluated. These sources of data were the INRIX travel time data and the Bluetooth travel time data. The granularity of the INRIX and the Bluetooth data were high in which travel time estimates were reported at a one minute interval. A total of 42 GPS vehicle probe surveys were carried out in three different days to evaluate the accuracy of the INRIX and the Bluetooth travel time estimates. Statistical measures such as the mean absolute error (MAE) and the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) were calculated for a total of 6 segments and 3 time periods (midday, pm peak, and weekend). The INRIX estimates during the midday were either within 0.36 minutes or 22% of the ground truth probe runs, while the Bluetooth estimates during the pm peak were either within 1 minute or 24% of the ground truth probe runs. In addition to hypothesis testing for 13,541 matched-pairs observation, correlation testing was carried out to evaluate the behavior of the Bluetooth and INRIX time series.
Author: Robert Jay Campbell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adaptive control systems
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Author: Ariel Braidot
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319131176
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1050
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Book Description
This volume presents the proceedings of the CLAIB 2014, held in Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014. The proceedings, presented by the Regional Council of Biomedical Engineering for Latin America (CORAL) offer research findings, experiences and activities between institutions and universities to develop Bioengineering, Biomedical Engineering and related sciences. The conferences of the American Congress of Biomedical Engineering are sponsored by the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE), Society for Engineering in Biology and Medicine (EMBS) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), among other organizations and international agencies and bringing together scientists, academics and biomedical engineers in Latin America and other continents in an environment conducive to exchange and professional growth. The Topics include: - Bioinformatics and Computational Biology - Bioinstrumentation; Sensors, Micro and Nano Technologies - Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Artificial Organs - Biomechanics, Robotics and Motion Analysis - Biomedical Images and Image Processing - Biomedical Signal Processing - Clinical Engineering and Electromedicine - Computer and Medical Informatics - Health and home care, telemedicine - Modeling and Simulation - Radiobiology, Radiation and Medical Physics - Rehabilitation Engineering and Prosthetics - Technology, Education and Innovation
Author: George F. List, Billy Williams, and Nagui Rouphail, Rob Hranac, Tiffany Barkley, Eric Mai, and Armand Ciccarelli, Lee Rodegerdts, Katie Pincus, and Brandon Nevers, Alan F. Karr, Xuesong Zhou, Jeffrey Wojtowicz, Joseph Schofer, and Asad Khattak
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309274257
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
This report from the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, defines reliability and describes the research to improve the reliability of highway travel times by mitigating the effects of events that cause unpredictable, fluctuating travel times.
Author: Elżbieta Macioszek
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030717089
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
This book presents many valuable research methods useful in conducting research in modern urban transportation systems and networks. The knowledge base in practical examples, as well as the decision support methods described in this book, is of interest to people who face the challenge of searching for solutions to the problems of contemporary transport networks and systems on a daily basis. The book is therefore addressed to local authorities related to the planning and development of strategies for selected areas with regard to transport (both in the urban and regional dimensions) and to representatives of business and industry, as people directly involved in the implementation of urban transportation systems and networks solutions. The methods contained in individual chapters of the book allow to look at a given problem in an advanced way and facilitate the selection of the appropriate strategy (e.g., in relation to the air quality in considering the impact of the atmospheric emission from the urban road traffic, the role of incentive programs in promoting the purchase of electric cars, life-cycle costing decision-making methodology and urban intersection design, but also in assessing the impact of the socio-financial conditions on the bike-sharing system operation and its implementation in medium-sized cities, etc.). In turn, due to the new approach to theoretical models (including comparison methods of driving errors in a single-lane and multi-lane roundabouts, methods of parking measurements, methods of ensuring the technical readiness of transport companies fleet due to the region's capabilities as well as speed-related surrogate measures of road safety based on floating car data), the book is also of interest to scientists and researchers carrying out research in this area.
Author: Bahaaeddin Alareeni
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030692213
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 2139
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Book Description
This book introduces the students, researchers and practitioners into the subject and enabling technologies and applications pertaining to of technology, entrepreneurship and business development through research articles, case studies etc. It is primarily intended for academic purposes for learners of computer Science, management, accounting and information systems disciplines, economics,- entrepreneurship. Publishing chapters in the book is new innovative idea to spread the book in the Middle East and Arab countries and make the book achieve more sales. As many students in all levels, graduates and undergraduates in addition to research, professionals are not able to get sufficient resources because of the language concern.
Author: Xinping Yan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780784413036
Category : Transportation engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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