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Author: Douglas Walton
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331919626X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
This monograph poses a series of key problems of evidential reasoning and argumentation. It then offers solutions achieved by applying recently developed computational models of argumentation made available in artificial intelligence. Each problem is posed in such a way that the solution is easily understood. The book progresses from confronting these problems and offering solutions to them, building a useful general method for evaluating arguments along the way. It provides a hands-on survey explaining to the reader how to use current argumentation methods and concepts that are increasingly being implemented in more precise ways for the application of software tools in computational argumentation systems. It shows how the use of these tools and methods requires a new approach to the concepts of knowledge and explanation suitable for diverse settings, such as issues of public safety and health, debate, legal argumentation, forensic evidence, science education, and the use of expert opinion evidence in personal and public deliberations.
Author: Douglas Walton
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331919626X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
This monograph poses a series of key problems of evidential reasoning and argumentation. It then offers solutions achieved by applying recently developed computational models of argumentation made available in artificial intelligence. Each problem is posed in such a way that the solution is easily understood. The book progresses from confronting these problems and offering solutions to them, building a useful general method for evaluating arguments along the way. It provides a hands-on survey explaining to the reader how to use current argumentation methods and concepts that are increasingly being implemented in more precise ways for the application of software tools in computational argumentation systems. It shows how the use of these tools and methods requires a new approach to the concepts of knowledge and explanation suitable for diverse settings, such as issues of public safety and health, debate, legal argumentation, forensic evidence, science education, and the use of expert opinion evidence in personal and public deliberations.
Author: Peter J. Phelan
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134824009
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Phelan and Reynolds' book is for anyone who needs to evaluate arguments and interpret evidence. It deals with the most fundamental aspects of academic study: * the ability to reason with ideas and evidence * to formulate arguments effectively * to appreciate the interplay between ideas and evidence in academic and media debate Argument and Evidence presents aspects of informal logic and statistical theory in a comprehensible way, enabling students to acquire skills in critical thinking which will outlast their undergraduate studies. Ideal as a companion for courses on methodology or study skills, Argument and Evidence will also be useful for other disciplines in the social sciences and humanities.
Author: Douglas Walton
Publisher: Penn State Press
ISBN: 9780271048338
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
A leading expert in informal logic, Douglas Walton turns his attention in this new book to how reasoning operates in trials and other legal contexts, with special emphasis on the law of evidence. The new model he develops, drawing on methods of argumentation theory that are gaining wide acceptance in computing fields like artificial intelligence, can be used to identify, analyze, and evaluate specific types of legal argument. In contrast with approaches that rely on deductive and inductive logic and rule out many common types of argument as fallacious, Walton&’s aim is to provide a more expansive view of what can be considered &"reasonable&" in legal argument when it is construed as a dynamic, rule-governed, and goal-directed conversation. This dialogical model gives new meaning to the key notions of relevance and probative weight, with the latter analyzed in terms of pragmatic criteria for what constitutes plausible evidence rather than truth.
Author: Giandomenico Majone
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 9780300052596
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
In modern industrial democracies, the making of public policy is dependent on policy analysis--the generation, discussion, and evaluation of policy alternatives. Policy analysis is often characterized, especially by economists, as a technical, nonpartisan, objective enterprise, separate from the constraints of the political environment. however, says the eminent political scientist Giandomenico Majone, this characterization of policy analysis is seriously flawed. According to Majone, policy analysts do not engage in a purely technical analysis of alternatives open to policymakers, but instead produce policy arguments that are based on value judgments and are used in the course of public debate. In this book Majone offers his own definition of policy analysis and examines all aspects of it--from problem formulation and the choice of policy instruments to program development and policy evaluation. He argues that rhetorical skills are crucial for policy analysts when they set the norms that determine when certain conditions are to be regarded as policy problems, when they advise on technical issues, and when they evaluate policy. Policy analysts can improve the quality of public deliberation by refining the standards of appraisal of public programs and facilitating a wide-ranging dialogue among advocates of different criteria. In fact, says Majone, the essential need today is not to develop 'objective' measures of outcomes--the traditional aim of evaluation research--but to improve the methods and conditions of public discourse at all levels and stages of policy-making.
Author: Debra Hills
Publisher: Crimson Publishing
ISBN: 1844554929
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
Student Essentials: Critical Thinking - in one hour helps you master the essentials of this core study skill in just 60 minutes. If you are studying for an undergraduate degree at university, critical thinking and analysis is imperative when studying and can often be the difference between an acceptable grade and a great grade. This book will help you develop the key essentials of this crucial skill in just one hour so you can successfully apply it to your studies straight away. Student Essentials: Critical Thinking - in one hour is packed full of jargon-free advice, step-be-step guidance and useful summaries to help you really get to grips with every element of critical thinking and analysis. Checklists and exercises ensure you tackle each stage of critical thinking head on and develop your skills from analysis and evaluation to constructing sound arguments and weighing up evidence. Learn the critical thinking essential toolkit quickly and apply it to all areas of your study, including: What is critical thinking? - the principles and essentials for study Analytical skills - improve your technique when reading and note taking Evaluating evidence - get to grips with arguments, counter claims and credibility Building arguments - using evidence, secondary resources and examples effectively Key tools - use the checklists and exercises to master every stage of critical thinking In just one hour develop your core critical thinking skills for study success and perform at your optimum with Trotman's Student Essentials series. Discover other titles in the series to help boost your study skills including: Student Essentials: Exam and Revision Strategies - in one hour Student Essentials: Essay Writing - in one hour Student Essentials: Study Skills - in one hour Student Essentials: Dissertation - in one hour
Author: Deanna Kuhn
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521423496
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
The Skills of Argument presents a comprehensive empirical study of informal reasoning as argument, involving subjects across the life span. Subjects ranging in age from adolescence to late adulthood were asked to describe their views on social problems that people have occasion to think and talk about in everyday life, such as crime and unemployment. In addition to providing supporting evidence for their theories, subjects were asked to contemplate alternative theories and counterarguments and to evaluate new evidence on the topics. This is the first major study of informal reasoning across the life span. Highlighting the importance of argumentive reasoning in everyday thought, the book offers a theoretical framework for conceptualizing and studying thinking as argument. The findings address issues of major importance to cognitive and developmental psychologists, as well as educators concerned with improving the quality of people's thinking. The work is also relevant to philosophers, political scientists, and linguists interested in informal reasoning and argumentive discourse.
Author: Colin Aitken
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470843673
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Book Description
The first edition of Statistics and the Evaluation of Evidence for Forensic Scientists established itself as a highly regarded authority on this area. Fully revised and updated, the second edition provides significant new material on areas of current interest including: Glass Interpretation Fibres Interpretation Bayes’ Nets The title presents comprehensive coverage of the statistical evaluation of forensic evidence. It is written with the assumption of a modest mathematical background and is illustrated throughout with up-to-date examples from a forensic science background. The clarity of exposition makes this book ideal for all forensic scientists, lawyers and other professionals in related fields interested in the quantitative assessment and evaluation of evidence. 'There can be no doubt that the appreciation of some evidence in a court of law has been greatly enhanced by the sound use of statistical ideas and one can be confident that the next decade will see further developments, during which time this book will admirably serve those who have cause to use statistics in forensic science.' D.V. Lindley
Author: Douglas Walton
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107039304
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
This book, written by a leading expert, and based on the latest research, shows how to apply methods of argumentation to a range of examples.
Author: Sibel Erduran
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1839167440
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
Scientists use arguments to relate the evidence that they select from their investigations and to justify the claims that they make about their observations. This book brings together leading researchers to draw attention to research, policy and practice around the inclusion of argumentation in chemistry education.
Author: Jordi Ferrer Beltrán
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316516997
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
A global overview of evidentiary reasoning with contributions from leading authorities from different legal traditions and four continents.
