Archaeological Bone, Antler and Ivory PDF Download
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Katharine Starling
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780950415550
Category : Animal remains (Archaeology)
Languages : en
Pages : 35
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Book Description
Author: Arthur MacGregor
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317602021
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Artefacts made from skeletal materials since the Roman period were, before this book, neglected as a serious area of study. This is a comprehensive account which reviews over fifty categories of artefact. The book starts with a consideration of the formation, morphology and mechanical properties of the materials and illuminates characteristics concerning working with them. Following chapters discuss the organisation of the industry and trade in such items, including the changing status of the industry over time. Archaeological evidence is combined with that from historical and ethnological sources, with many illustrations providing key visual reference. Originally published in 1985.
Author: S. J Greep
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author: Arthur MacGregor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Wim Dijkman
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789075472028
Category : Animal remains (Archaeology)
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
Kamm - Geweih - Horn - Elfenbein - Zahn.
Author:
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ISBN: 9781775920755
Category : Archaeology
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Author: Arthur MacGregor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Author: Paul Simpson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Horn, antler and ivory were in use extensively in the past. Prior to the synthesis of modern plastics these materials all had workable properties which made them extremely useful. The survival of these materials in the archaeological record is rare in comparison to the frequency of their use in the past, and this is made worse by the fact that they are also difficult to conserve. The literature suggests that study of these materials has been limited and that the methods of treating them after excavation are inadequate. A better understanding of the degradation of these materials within the environment and new methods of conservation treatment are needed. Furthermore, in order to identify the causes of degradation and the consequences for successful conservation, more research is needed into the nature and monitoring of the burial environment. Four different burial sites were selected for use in the study and their physical and chemical environments monitored and evaluated. Analogue samples of red deer antler, cattle horn and elephant ivory were buried at each site and retrieved after fixed time periods. Retrieved samples were analysed by weight loss, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microprobe analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), to establish amount of degradation which had taken place. Microbiological and biochemical evaluation suggested that collagenase production by microorganisms could play a role in the deterioration of ivory and antler within the burial environment. Analysis showed that horn samples were subject to substantial weight loss and FTIR indicated that protein breakdown had occurred. Environmental monitoring of the study sites gave a better understanding of the burial environment and the pace of deterioration. At the marine site, the slightly alkaline aerobic environment caused rapid degradation of protein by a combination of microbial attack and chemical hydrolysis, whereas the mineral component, hydroxyapatite, was protected by the seawater, leading to survival of antler and ivory but rapid degradation of horn. The brackish wetland proved to be the most protective for antler and ivory due to the waterlogged, reduced environment and presence of fine estuarine silt. Horn was usually found in extremely poor condition upon excavation, and required immediate conservation treatment since it is unsuitable for maintenance under passive conservation conditions. The estuarine environment has considerable potential for in situ preservation of organic materials, even horn, to a limited extent, and should be investigated further. Existing conservation treatments for antler and ivory are difficult, and only partially successful, so that if a suitable burial environment could be identified then preservation in situ could be an option. This study has shown that further development of new conservation treatments for these materials requires more information about the effect of the burial environment on the protein component. The development of models based on these data would also be useful in assessing how environmental change will impact on these types of artefacts at archaeological sites.
Author: Ian Riddler
Publisher: British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 106
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Book Description
The first millennium AD introduced new technologies, such as the lathe, which motivated a resurgence in bone and antler working in Europe. New raw materials also became popular, particularly elk antler.
