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Author: M.F. Hoyaux
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642856527
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
On first acquaintance the electric arc discharge appears to be both visually attractive and a relatively simple phenomena to understand. To those of us engaged in prolonged study of this discharge, it remains a constantly exciting phenomena but we become only too aware of its complex nature and the difficulties in interpreting its bulk properties. This is particu larly true when the arc exists in a practical device and is subjected therefore to extreme conditions. In recent years the possibilities for the beginning of a fuller understanding of the complexities of the arc has arisen out of the excellent research and development work of scientists and engineers throughout the world. Much of this work has been stimulated not only by the need for the development of practical devices but also by the interest in thermonuclear fusion, mag netohydrodynamic generation and space exploration. In much of this work, the arc discharge has been a common feature as a source of study of high temperature plasma. As a result of this increased interest in the arc, the expert and would-be expert is now faced with the problem of assessing extensive newly published information on arc properties. Thus there is the need for texts which present to the engineer and researcher a review and summary of the present situation. This book is a valuable contribution to this task.
Author: M.F. Hoyaux
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642856527
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
On first acquaintance the electric arc discharge appears to be both visually attractive and a relatively simple phenomena to understand. To those of us engaged in prolonged study of this discharge, it remains a constantly exciting phenomena but we become only too aware of its complex nature and the difficulties in interpreting its bulk properties. This is particu larly true when the arc exists in a practical device and is subjected therefore to extreme conditions. In recent years the possibilities for the beginning of a fuller understanding of the complexities of the arc has arisen out of the excellent research and development work of scientists and engineers throughout the world. Much of this work has been stimulated not only by the need for the development of practical devices but also by the interest in thermonuclear fusion, mag netohydrodynamic generation and space exploration. In much of this work, the arc discharge has been a common feature as a source of study of high temperature plasma. As a result of this increased interest in the arc, the expert and would-be expert is now faced with the problem of assessing extensive newly published information on arc properties. Thus there is the need for texts which present to the engineer and researcher a review and summary of the present situation. This book is a valuable contribution to this task.
Author: Isak Beilis
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030447472
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1137
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Book Description
This book is devoted to a thorough investigation of the physics and applications of the vacuum arc – a highly-ionized metallic plasma source used in a number of applications – with emphasis on cathode spot phenomena and plasma formation. The goal is to understand the origins and behavior of the various complex and sometimes mysterious phenomena involved in arc formation, such as cathode spots, electrode vaporization, and near-electrode plasma formation. The book takes the reader from a model of dense cathode plasma based on charge-exchange ion-atom collisions through a kinetic approach to cathode vaporization and on to metal thermophysical properties of cathodes. This picture is further enhanced by an in-depth study of cathode jets and plasma acceleration, the effects of magnetic fields on cathode spot behavior, and electrical characteristics of arcs and cathode spot dynamics. The book also describes applications to space propulsion, thin film deposition, laser plasma generation, and magnetohydrodynamics, making this comprehensive and up-to-date volume a valuable resource for researchers in academia and industry.
Author: J. F. Lancaster
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483151875
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 361
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Book Description
The Physics of Welding, Second Edition covers advances in welding physics. The book describes symbols, units and dimensions; the physical properties of fluids at elevated temperatures; and electricity and magnetism. The text also discusses fluid and magneto fluid dynamics; the electric arc; and the electric arc in welding. Metal transfer and mass flow in the weld pool, as well as high power density welding are also tackled. Students interested in welding physics will find the book useful.
Author: Xun Jia
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351231669
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Use the GPU Successfully in Your Radiotherapy Practice With its high processing power, cost-effectiveness, and easy deployment, access, and maintenance, the graphics processing unit (GPU) has increasingly been used to tackle problems in the medical physics field, ranging from computed tomography reconstruction to Monte Carlo radiation transport simulation. Graphics Processing Unit-Based High Performance Computing in Radiation Therapy collects state-of-the-art research on GPU computing and its applications to medical physics problems in radiation therapy. Tackle Problems in Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy The book first offers an introduction to the GPU technology and its current applications in radiotherapy. Most of the remaining chapters discuss a specific application of a GPU in a key radiotherapy problem. These chapters summarize advances and present technical details and insightful discussions on the use of GPU in addressing the problems. The book also examines two real systems developed with GPU as a core component to accomplish important clinical tasks in modern radiotherapy. Translate Research Developments to Clinical Practice Written by a team of international experts in radiation oncology, biomedical imaging, computing, and physics, this book gets clinical and research physicists, graduate students, and other scientists up to date on the latest in GPU computing for radiotherapy. It encourages you to bring this novel technology to routine clinical radiotherapy practice.
Author: Maher I. Boulos
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030706729
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1147
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Book Description
This fully revised, industry-standard resource offers practical details on every aspect of the fundamentals necessary for understanding thermal spray technology, from powder all the way to the final part. The second edition is presented in a reader-friendly format that is split into four parts. Part I presents a review of thermal spray coating and its position in the broad field of surface modification technologies. Highlights of combustion and thermal plasmas are given with an expanded treatment of in-flight plasma-particle interactions. The second and third parts deal respectively with an updated presentation of thermal spray technologies and coating formation, including solution and suspension plasma spraying. The last part of the book includes a comparative analysis of different thermal spray processes, which is essential for the optimal selection of the appropriate thermal spray process in a given application. Coverage of system integration has been expanded with the addition of a detailed discussion of online instrumentation and process diagnostics and numerous examples of industrial scale spray booth designs. Attention is also given to coating finishing and health and safety issues. An extensive review is presented of thermal spray applications grouped in terms of process objectives and present use in different industrial sectors. This book will serve as an invaluable resource as a textbook for graduate courses in the field and as an exhaustive reference for professionals involved in the thermal spray field.
Author: Paul G. Slade
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000169987
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 667
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Book Description
Title: The Vacuum Interrupter: Theory, Design, and ApplicationShelving guide: Electrical Engineering Dr. Paul Slade draws from his nearly six decades of active experience to develop this second edition of The Vacuum Interrupter: Theory, Design, and Application. This book begins by discussing the design requirements for high voltage vacuum interrupters and then the contact requirements to interrupt the vacuum arc. It then continues by describing the various applications in which the vacuum interrupter is generally utilized. Part 1 of this book begins with a detailed review of the vacuum breakdown process. It continues by covering the steps necessary for the design and the manufacture of a successful vacuum interrupter. The vacuum arc is then discussed, including how it is affected as a function of current. An overview of the development and use of practical contact materials, along with their advantages and disadvantages, follows. Contact designs that are introduced to control the high current vacuum arc are also analyzed. Part 2, on application, begins with a discussion of the arc interruption process for low current and high current vacuum arcs. It examines the voltage escalation phenomenon that can occur when interrupting inductive circuits. The occurrence of contact welding for closed contacts subjected to the passage of high currents, and for contacts when closing on high currents, is explored. The general requirements for the successful manufacture and testing of vacuum circuit breakers is then presented. The general application of vacuum interrupters to switch load currents, especially when applied to capacitor circuits, is also given. The interruption of high short circuit currents is presented along with the expected performance of the two major contact designs. Owing to the ever-increasing need for environmentally friendly circuit protection devices, the development and application of the vacuum interrupter will only increase in the future. At present the vacuum circuit breaker is the technology of choice for distribution circuits (5kV to 40.5kV). It is increasingly being applied to transmission circuits (72.5kV to 242kV). In the future, its application for protecting high voltage DC networks is assured. Audience This is a practical source book for engineers and scientists interested in studying the development and application of the vacuum interrupter Research scientists in industry and universities Graduate students beginning their study of vacuum interrupter phenomena Design engineers applying vacuum interrupters in vacuum switches, vacuum contactors, vacuum circuit breakers, and vacuum contactors It provides a unique and comprehensive review of all aspects of vacuum interrupter technology for those new to the subject and for those who wish to obtain a deeper understanding of its science and application Scientists and engineers, who are beginning their research into vacuum breakdown and aspects of the vacuum arc, will find the extensive bibliography and phenomenological descriptions to be a useful introduction
Author: D. R. Milner
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483151689
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Book Description
Introduction to Welding and Brazing covers the various aspects of metal joining processes, theory, practice, and application. This book is composed of nine chapters. Considerable chapters are devoted to the processes, practice, and principles of arc, resistance, and pressure welding. A chapter describes the principles and applications of other welding processes, such as gas, thermit, and electron beam welding. The final chapters deal with the metallurgical application, practice, and principles of soldering and brazing. This book will be of value to the researchers and workers in the metal joining fields.
Author: T.H. North
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400904339
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
T. H. NORTH Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials Science, University of Toronto. This volume documents the proceedings of the International Congress on Joining Research held under the auspices of the Canadian Council of the International Institute of Welding in Montreal, July 20/21 1990. This congress was sponsored by the Welding Institute of Canada, Oakville, Ontario. The study of joining is important, both from the fundamental and applied science points of view. Joining encompasses a wide range of areas, from welding processes, through welding metallurgy and materials science, to non-destructive testing, automation and field construction. Welding has sometimes been referred to as some curious combination of art and science. Certainly, from a university research perspective, the welding area is remarkably difficult to tackle because it is extremely difficult to sift out the critical variables. As a result, it is sometimes difficult to separate the real from the imaginary in any detailed evaluation of the joining literature. I sincerely hope that the authoritative contributions in this volume will sweep away any confusion that exists in the mind of the reader.
Author: Sindo Kou
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119524814
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 688
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Book Description
Discover the extraordinary progress that welding metallurgy has experienced over the last two decades Welding Metallurgy, 3rd Edition is the only complete compendium of recent, and not-so-recent, developments in the science and practice of welding metallurgy. Written by Dr. Sindo Kou, this edition covers solid-state welding as well as fusion welding, which now also includes resistance spot welding. It restructures and expands sections on Fusion Zones and Heat-Affected Zones. The former now includes entirely new chapters on microsegregation, macrosegregation, ductility-dip cracking, and alloys resistant to creep, wear and corrosion, as well as a new section on ternary-alloy solidification. The latter now includes metallurgy of solid-state welding. Partially Melted Zones are expanded to include liquation and cracking in friction stir welding and resistance spot welding. New chapters on topics of high current interest are added, including additive manufacturing, dissimilar-metal joining, magnesium alloys, and high-entropy alloys and metal-matrix nanocomposites. Dr. Kou provides the reader with hundreds of citations to papers and articles that will further enhance the reader’s knowledge of this voluminous topic. Undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers and mechanical engineers will all benefit spectacularly from this comprehensive resource. The new edition includes new theories/methods of Kou and coworkers regarding: · Predicting the effect of filler metals on liquation cracking · An index and analytical equations for predicting susceptibility to solidification cracking · A test for susceptibility to solidification cracking and filler-metal effect · Liquid-metal quenching during welding · Mechanisms of resistance of stainless steels to solidification cracking and ductility-dip cracking · Mechanisms of macrosegregation · Mechanisms of spatter of aluminum and magnesium filler metals, · Liquation and cracking in dissimilar-metal friction stir welding, · Flow-induced deformation and oscillation of weld-pool surface and ripple formation · Multicomponent/multiphase diffusion bonding Dr. Kou’s Welding Metallurgy has been used the world over as an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and engineers alike. This new Third Edition is no exception.
Author: André Anders
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387791086
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 555
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Book Description
Cathodic arcs are among the longest studied yet least understood objects in science. Plasma-generating, tiny spots appear on the cathode; they are highly dynamic and hard to control. With an approach emphasizing the fractal character of cathode spots, strongly fluctuating plasma properties are described such as the presence of multiply charged ions that move with supersonic velocity. Richly illustrated, the book also deals with practical issues, such as arc source construction, macroparticle removal, and the synthesis of dense, well adherent coatings. The book spans a bridge from plasma physics to coatings technology based on energetic condensation, appealing to scientists, practitioners and graduate students alike.
