Application of Exhaust - Gas - Oxygen Sensors to the Study of Storage Effects in Automotive Three-way Catalysts by Allen H. Meitzler PDF Download
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Author: Allen H. Meitzler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Book Description
Author: Allen H. Meitzler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 1748
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : SAE transactions
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Book Description
Author: Society of Automotive Engineers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 1176
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Book Description
Beginning in 1985, one section is devoted to a special topic
Author: Jeremias Bickel
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832553827
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
The key to achieve optimal emission performance of a modern three-way catalyst (TWC) under transient engine operating conditions is to maintain an optimal oxidation state of the oxygen storage material inside the washcoat of the catalyst. This work demonstrates how simplified kinetic models can be developed that allow for accurately predicting the oxygen storage level under dynamic operation.
Author: Joshua Douglas Cowgill
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oxygen
Languages : en
Pages : 510
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Book Description
Abstract: Three-way catalytic converter oxygen storage control is a topic which has gained increasing interest recently due to the potential additional emissions reduction benefits control could provide to reach SULEV emission standards. To further improve air-to-fuel ratio control strategies, however, accurate three-way catalytic converter models are required to optimally manage oxygen storage. A three-way catalytic converter model depends mostly upon two factors for success. The first of these is, of course, accurate model structure and parameter definition. The second, and possibly more problematic, is accurate measurement data to be used as model inputs. Despite a general trend of increasingly using universal exhaust gas oxygen (UEGO) sensors instead of switching exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) sensors, UEGO sensors are quite susceptible to sensor deception errors particularly present post-catalyst under dynamic conditions. Specifically, the response of the UEGO sensor is significantly effected by the not just the actual exhaust gas air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) but also the concentrations of different components which make up the exhaust gas. To characterize the effect of UEGO sensor measurement error, the specific processes by which measurement error developed was explored. Exhaust gas component concentrations were changed both artificially and through the use of a catalytic converter with the goal of better understanding the UEGO deception phenomenon as a standalone sensor and in its use in conjunction with a catalyst. From the data collected, steady state calibrations were created which allowed for more accurate predictions of true exhaust gas AFR. Furthermore, an ad hoc dynamic calibration was created to indirectly account for additional unmodeled catalytic converter dynamics which significantly affected the post-catalyst UEGO output. The knowledge of UEGO and three-way catalytic converter operation gained was applied to three- way catalytic converter modeling though many methods. Use of the corrected, and thus more accurate, exhaust gas AFR measurements allowed for the accurate determination of parameters necessary for three- way catalytic converter modeling. Understanding of the three-way catalytic converter operation allowed for a detailed analysis, calibration and subsequent improvements of a commonly available three-way catalytic converter model. From this work, the abilities and limitations of a standard three-way catalytic converter model were examined. Within the existing oxygen storage model framework, modified oxygen adsorption and release functions were suggested as well as a means of calibrating them. Furthermore, the work also shows that other unmodeled dynamics are present which are associated with the alteration of the magnitude of the change in hydrogen concentration from pre to post-catalyst possibly caused by catalytic converter deactivation. Unfortunately, while such unmodeled dynamics were noted, the extension of the three-way catalytic converter model to account for these dynamics was beyond the scope of this work. The sensitivity of a current oxygen storage model was numerically investigated by inducing plant and sensor faults and comparing the output of the model with faults against an ideal model output. It is shown in this work that effect of model or plant faults is the slow drifting of the predicted oxygen storage level, as would be expedited, since an integrator-type model is begin used. However it was also determined that, during this drift, the predicted post-catalyst AFR predicted is generally relatively unaffected. In a control application, this slow drift would not be of great concern, as the plant could be regulated around a operating condition which allowed information regarding the current oxygen storage level to be observed in the measurer post-catalyst AFR.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Associations, institutions, etc
Languages : en
Pages : 1176
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Book Description
1981- in 2 v.: v.1, Subject index; v.2, Title index, Publisher/title index, Association name index, Acronym index, Key to publishers' and distributors' abbreviations.
Author: N. Kruse
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080528619
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 719
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Book Description
In spite of the energy crises and the recession, there has been a global, explosive growth in the amount of motor vehicles. In the past 50 years, the amount has increased from 50 to 700 million vehicles. For economical reasons they will probably continue to be used for a considerable number of years, despite the poor yield of internal combustion engines resulting in the inevitable production of some gaseous pollutants. The subsequent increase of gaseous pollutants in our atmosphere caused by exhaust gas from automobiles has enhanced the problem of the elimination of these pollutants produced by internal combustion engines. Catalysis has proven to be the best solution to lower the content of exhaust gas in pollutants.As its predecessors, CAPoC4 proved to be a suitable platform for discussing technological improvements and developments along with future perspectives and challenges. In the light of new results and further legislative regulations, the following topics were intensely discussed: *low light-off behaviour based on improved catalysts and substrate formulations *efficient adsorber systems for storage of hydrocarbon emissions *electrically heated catalyst systems ahead the main catalyst or, alternatively, close coupled catalysts (at the manifold of the engine) • lean DeNOx catalysts allowing for decomposition of NOx in the oxygen-rich exhaust of direct injection gasoline engines and high speed injection diesel engines or, alternatively, NOx trapping/reduction in a hybrid approach * collection and destruction of dry particulates or soot.There is no doubt that clean vehicle technology is a vital part of improving air quality. Challenges remain and call for technological answers. Catalytic air pollution control is still an area providing a considerable incentive for innovative work.
Author: Adam Henry Vosz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Stoichiometry
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Abstract: Two exhaust gas oxygen sensors provide feedback signals for the engine control system. The first sensor is located before the three-way catalyst, while the second sensor is downstream of the catalyst. The first sensor's feedback signal is used to regulate the combustion around stoichiometry. This allows the catalyst to oxidize hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, while also reducing nitrogen oxides. The second sensor generally provides a long-term correction to the control whenever the sensor output deviates from the ideal post-catalyst voltage signal. However, the oxygen sensor feedback signal is inherently complicated by the effects of molecules contained in the exhaust gas stream. Each molecule has different effects, further complicating this analysis. In this work, the relationship between exhaust gas components and the change in the sensor output has been measured. The products of the thesis are the determination of sensitivity factors to relate the exhaust gas concentration of each species to the shift in what the sensor perceives as stoichiometry. The development of the sensitivity factor metrics has been performed through least squares numerical techniques. The metrics have been developed for a small sampling of three oxygen sensors, and the relationships between the different sensors have been explored.
Author: Peter Eastwood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
The topics most critical to exhaust gas aftertreatment are described in depth: the problems which need to be overcome, and the possible solutions currently under investigation. After treatment is covered as an emissions subject in its own right; and all components of the entire system are included, not just catalysts. Highly technical issues are presented in a way that makes them readily accessible to the non-specialist. It Includes 700 references.
